Grammar Exercises

Ex. 1. Consult and study the Grammar Focus (p.107)

Ex. 2. Make these orders and requests indirect.

1. “Stop smoking and drinking,” the doctor advised the sick man.

2. “Don’t lose hope”, the father said to his son.

3. “ Come to the cinema with me”, he asked her.

4. “Don’t forget to take the dictionary,” I said to my sister.

5. “Look to your left before crossing the street”, the mother said to her daughter.

Ex. 3. Think about three or four things people told you today. Write them down. Then compare your answers in groups. Are there any unusual sentences?

Model: 1.My mother told me in the morning to take my umbrella.

2.My younger sister said she loved me.

Ex. 4. Transform these different types of sentences into reported speech.

1. He asked me: “Who will come to the cinema with me?”

2. “Will you be at home tonight?”, she asked me.

3. I said to him: “Please don’t be angry ”.

4. He said to her: “Don’t wait for me”.

5. She said: “This exercise is very easy”.

6. He said to me: “I’ve never been here before”.

7. She said: “I was working hard all the time”.

8. He said to them: “She‘ll be here in an hour”.

9. She said to me: “Don‘t be late”.

10. He asked her: “Did anybody call this morning?”

11. “Don’t run to the door when you hear the bell”, said the woman to her little daughter.

12. He said: “ I am sure it will rain tomorrow”.

13. She said to me: “What are you going to do when you come home?”

14. My mother said to me: “It will be difficult for you to get up tomorrow if you don’t go to bed at once”.

Unit IV

Mass media

Ex. 1. Think over the answers to the questions below.

1. What is the Ukrainian for ”Mass Media”?

2. What kinds of MM do you know?

3. What is the most exciting kind of mass media for you personally?

4. How do you feel about commercials on TV?

5. Do you read the press? What kinds of papers (magazines) do you prefer? What are your favorite columns?

6. What role do you think television and radio (newspapers and magazines) play in the life of mankind?

7. Have you got a TV-set (radio-set)? How new is it? Does it satisfy you? What kind of TV (some new, Japanese models) would you like to have?

8. How do you think the newest technologies change the media? Compare the methods of communication and mass media of the past and of today’s?

Text a. Mass media

Mass media are one of the most characteristic features of modern civilization. They serve to inform people of different events that take place or may happen. They also entertain people or even help make their life better.

People are united into one global community with the help of mass media. People can learn about what is happening in the world very fast using mass media. The mass media include newspapers, magazines, radio and television.

The earliest kind of mass media was newspaper. The first newspaper was Roman handwritten newssheet called “Acta Diurna” started in 59 BC Magazines appeared in 1700’s. They developed from newspapers and booksellers’ catalogs. Newspapers can present and comment on the news in much detail in comparison to radio and TV newscasts. Newspapers can cover much more events and news.

Magazines do not focus on daily, rapidly changing events. They provide more profound analysis of events of the preceding week or month. Magazines are designed to be kept for a longer time so they have cover and binding and are printed on better paper.

Radio and TV appeared only in the last century. The most exciting and entertaining kind of mass media is television. It brings moving pictures and sounds directly to people’s homes. So one can see events in faraway places just sitting in his or her chair.

Radio is widespread for its portability. It means that radios can easily be carried around. People like listening to the radio on the beach or picnic, while driving a car or just walking down the street. The main kind of radio entertainment is music.

But the most important thing that newspapers, radio or TV bring to people is information. Complete and accurate information is very important to get nowadays. Those TV and radio programs and newspapers that provide a reliable information are always very popular.

Sensational events such as crimes, natural disasters or unusual events are also of great interest. That is why many newspapers and TV programs combine them with serious information. Usually daily mass media carry some international, state and local news. They also contain some other topics like health care, arts and so on. A lot of newspapers have advice columns, review of books, comics, crossword puzzles, etc. Most of them have different pictures, photographs and illustrations.

Mass media also focus public attention on the most urgent problems of the society. Those may be in health care, education, transportation or even corruption in government.

Advertising is also paid much attention to in mass media. It helps people to get oriented in variety of firms and shops that offer their goods and services.

All in all, mass media help us to form our opinion on different events, provide us with the information of what takes place in the society, and are also means of entertainment.

NOTES:

to be important to get – важливо отримувати

all in all – в цілому.

Ex. 2. Answer the following questions.

1) What was the earliest kind of mass media?

2) Why is the television so exciting?

3) What is the reason for widespread use of radios?.

4. What are the functions of mass media?

5. What kind of information do people need?

6. Which events are sensational?

7. What kinds of news do daily mass media carry?

4. What other information do they contain?

4. Which problems of the society are urgent nowadays?

5. Why is advertising paid much attention to in mass media?

11) What advantages do newspapers have over the other kinds of mass media?

Ex. 3. Find in the text the English correspondences to the following Ukrainian words and word combinations in the box.

Сформувати погляди; коментувати останні події; приділяти увагу; огляд новин; листівка; характерні риси;написаний від руки; нагальні проблеми; вичерпна та точна інформація; поширений завдяки портативності; обкладинка і палітурка; папір кращої якості; легко переносити з місця на місце; дізнатись, що відбувається в світі; колонки з порадами (в газетах); містити в собі; передавати зображення і звук (на відстані); сформувати погляди; набагато детальніше; різноманітність; з’явитись; у порівнянні з; щоб зберігатись довше; розвинутися з; забезпечувати (надавати) повний аналіз новин; служити; поєднувати; що відбувається в суспільстві; швидкозмінні новини; охорона здоров’я; з найвіддалених куточків; реклама; доносити новини; охоплювати (більше матеріалу); бути об’єднаними у світову спільноту.

Ex. 4. Find the Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations in the box.

Variety; the preceding week; complete and accurate information; in comparison to; advertising; widespread for; to focus on; to serve; to have cover and binding; urgent problems; characteristic features of civilization; no carry news ;mass media include; to help to get oriented; one global community; radio and TV newscast; to combine (with); a handwritten newssheet; to form an opinion ;to learn about; puzzle; to be kept for a longer time; what takes place in the society; in faraway places; to pay attention to; the most exiting and entertaining kind; health care; to provide profound analysis of events; advice columns; to comment on the news; natural disaster; to be easily carried around; to offer goods and services; in much detail; to be united into.

Ex. 5. Look through the text and find out what kinds of information mass media provide. Also be ready to explain the meaning of the word “Advertising”.

Ex. 6. Look through the text . Divide the underlined sentences on logical groups.

Ex. 7.Work in pairs. Read the statements and say whether they are true or false for this text. (Give your reasons.)

1. Mass media serve to inform people about urgent problems of the society.

2. TV and radio newscasts provide popularity to the owners of the companies.

3. Mass media corporations mix serious and curious, sensational and reliable information to attract as many readers and viewers as they can.

4. Only weekly mass media focus on international news.

5. Much prime time is given to commercials on TV and radio.

6. Different ads are normally printed in periodicals that helps potential customers to get oriented in diversity of companies, goods and services.

7. Mass media assure us a flow of useful data to be able to form our opinion on different events.

8. The most important thing that newspapers, radio, and TV bring to people is entertainment.

9. At the present time accurate facts are not of great importance.

10. The most important thing that newspapers, radio or TV bring to people is entertainment..

11. Mass media focus public attention on the most urgent problems of the society.

Advertising doesn’t help people to get oriented in variety of goods and services.

Ex. 8. Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition from the list below. Some prepositions used not only once. You may use a dictionary if necessary.