- •Часть II
- •Д.Ю. Коновалов, ст. Преп. Каф. Безоп. Технол. Процессов и производств агту, кандидат с.-х. Наук
- •Ббк 81.2 англ – 92
- •Unit 1 Environmental Aspects of Timber
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Heat Conductivity of Wood
- •Answer the questions:
- •What properties of wood do you know?
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Heat Conductivity
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about.
- •Species of Trees and Their Application
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. The timber used was insufficiently seasoned.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Classification of Species
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Fireproofing
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Indicate the word combinations that:
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Inflammation of Wood
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Infinitive: Forms and Functions
- •Storage of Logs in Sawmill Yards
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •Speak about:
- •Infinitive Constructions: Complex Subject Complex Object
- •Timber Drying Methods
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Why Dry Lumber?
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Infinitive. Revision
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Specialists suppose that one hectare of coniferous forests sucks annually 30 tons of dust.
- •Everybody knows that wood is a renewable raw material.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. The Requirements to Hardwood Lumber Drying
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Revision
- •Wood-based panels – Plywood
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •III. Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Laminated Veneer Lumber and Other Structural Sections
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Unit 9 Revision
- •Wood-based panels: Fibreboard, Particle board
- •I. Answer the questions.
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Wood-Based Panels. Oriented Strand Board
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Unit 10 Revision
- •Sawmill Process
- •Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Sawing Machinery
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Contents
- •The List of Literature Used
- •Vocabulary
Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
Экологические аспекты приобрели большое значение в оценке продукта.
Различные меры предпринимаются против чрезвычайной эксплуатации лесных ресурсов.
Побочные продукты переработки древесины используются целлюлозно-бумажной промышленностью.
Кора и другие отходы, неподходящие для использования в качестве сырья, сжигаются и используются для производства энергии и обогрева домов.
Поверхностная отделка предметов из древесины ставит острые проблемы перед окружающей средой.
Сейчас разрабатываются и вводятся экологически безвредные методы антисептирования и отделки.
При использовании древесина и древесные продукты оказывают лишь незначительное воздействие на окружающую среду.
Многие строительные материалы выделяют различные летучие соединения, которые угрожают здоровью человека.
ДСП, склеенные посредством мочевиноформальдегидных клеев, вызывали самую большую озабоченность.
Древесные отходы биологически распадаются в природе.
Следует отдавать предпочтение переработке или повторному использованию древесных отходов.
V. Speak about:
Wood and environment.
The use of wood residues and waste.
Forest products industries.
Unit 2
Participle I. Absolute Participle Construction.
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Heat Conductivity of Wood
Answer the questions:
What properties of wood do you know?
Is wood a good or a bad conductor of heat?
How is this property of wood used?
Read the text and try to understand it.
The ability of a substance to resist a passage of heat, electricity or
sound is of the greatest importance. Wood possesses many valuable properties, low heat conductivity being one of them. Having studied the structure of dry wood scientists came to the conclusion that heat conductivity of dry wood is rather low. Having been dried wood does not conduct heat because its cell cavities are filled with air, the latter being one of the poorest conductors of heat.
This characteristic feature makes wood suitable for the wide application in everyday life, for example, as a building material, in the construction of refrigerators or electric devices and as handles of cooking utensils. The handle of a metal teapot becomes as hot as the teapot itself in a short period of time, a wooden handle remaining comparatively cool. To prevent the passage of heat to the handle all good quality teapots have small buffers of wood inserted between the teapot and its handles.
It should be remembered that the transmission of heat depends on the structure of the material.
The cellular structure of wood also partly explains why heat is conducted more rapidly along the grain than across the grain. Having higher density heavy woods conduct heat more rapidly than light, porous ones.
We are to know that the conduction of heat through wood is a matter of great importance. Boards, for example, are often dried in special kilns. One of the aims of this process is to raise the temperature of the interior of boards placed in the kiln. In these circumstances poor conductivity of wood is a disadvantage. Fortunately, the movement of heat is more rapid in green timber. Wood is usually more or less green when subjected to such treatments, therefore the disadvantage of poor conductivity is less marked. Green timber conducts heat much more quickly than dry timber of the same species because of water present, which is a much better conductor than air.
General understanding
Answer the questions:
What property of a substance is of the greatest importance?
Is the heat conductivity of wood high or low?
Why is wood suitable for making handles of cooking utensiles?
What does the transmission of heat depend on?
Why is the conductivity of dry wood lower than that of green timber?
What wood conducts heat more rapidly: heavy and dense or light and porous one?
What process takes less time: drying boards in the open air or in a special kiln?
What parts of boards being dried in a kiln are heated quicker: interior or exterior ones?
Does green or dry wood conduct heat much more quickly? Why?