Vocabulary

Exercise 1.

Match the English words in “A” with the Russian equivalents in “B”.

A B

1. prevent 1. огнестойкий

2. combustion 2. доступ

3. decomposition 3. глянец, глазурь

4. fire-resistant 4. предотвращать

5. treat 5. несгораемый

6. glaze 6. разложение

7. access 7. воспламеняемый, горючий

8. fireproof 8. ингибитор горения; огнестойкий

9. inflammable 9. сгорание

10. fire retardant 10. обрабатывать

Exercise 2.

Choose the words from the text which have similar meaning.

burning; to hinder; to take into consideration; disintegration; strong; transparent layer; approach; outturn; to soak up; amount; value; poisonousness; use; to suggest; defence; case.

Exercise 3.

Match the words in “A” with the explanation given in “B”.

A	B
to prevent	making something develop more slowly
charcoal	separation of a substance into its parts
durable	to become liquid through heating
yield	a black substance or material made by burning of wood slowly
access	to stop or hinder
decomposition	something that cannot be damaged
resistant	likely to last for a long time
inflammable	a result; an amount produced
retardant	a cover of glass-like substance (coating)
a glaze	easily set on fire
to melt	a way, opportunity or means of reaching, using or approaching
fireproof	being not harmed or damaged by anything

Exercise 4.

Insert the words from “a” into the sentences given below.

1. The most effective means _____ fungi infection is to keep the wood dry. 2. It is necessary that air should have an _____ to all parts of a pile. 3. Wood treated with chemicals becomes more fire- _____ and _____. 4. Some chemicals decompose under heat giving off non- _____ gases. 5. Until fairly recent times wood and _____ made from it were the principal fuels used for cooking and heating. 7. This sawmill has recently introduced the up-to-date technology to increase the _____ . 8. The _____ of wood usually takes place at the temperature of about 250 C. 9. Fire- _____ paints have a limited practical application. 10. _____ substances form a _____ over the surface of the wood. 11. Some chemicals _____ and form a glaze over the surface of the wood. 12. The _____ of sawn wood was estimated to represent only 50% of the weight of the original tree.

Grammar

Exercise 1.

Indicate the word combinations that:

a). cannot be predicates

preventing; has prevented; being prevented; prevent; being treated; had been treated; having treated; was being treated; evaporating; being evaporating; having been evaporated.

b). express simultaneousness

solving; having solved; being solved; having treated; being treated; having been treated; treating; forming; having formed; having been formed; being formed.

c). express priority

being applied; having applied; having been applied; applying; having decomposed; decomposing; insulating; having insulated; being insulated; having been insulated.

Exercise 2.

Choose the correct form of the Ing-forms (Active, Passive).

1. He insisted on the experiment (repeating, being repeated). 2. (Placing, being placed) in a humid atmosphere wood absorbs water and swells. 3. Cold coatings are liquid at ordinary temperatures and can be applied without (heating, being heated). 4. (Sorting, being sorted) on the bases of species increases the efficiency of (drying, being dried). 5. High temperatures destroy fungi (existing, being existed) in the wood. 6. After (cooling, being cooled) the particle boards are cut according to standard sizes. 6. Different fungi spoil the appearance of wood without (affecting, being affected) the strength properties. 7. (Placing, being placed) in a dry room wood loses water and shrinks. 8. Due to lumber (treating, being treated) with preservatives they don’t decay.

Exercise 3.

Choose the correct form of the Ing-forms (Perfect, non-Perfect).

1. The workability of wood (being, having been) very high, it is highly valued by joiners. 2. Due to wood (being treated, having been treated) with preservatives it resisted to fungi attack. 3. Pine (being, having been) knotty and resinous is considered to be an allowable defect. 4. We were interested in his (receiving, having received) reliable data. 5. In spite of many artificial materials (having been manufactured, being manufactured) we still depend on wood in many cases. 6. (Treating, having treated) wood with preservative we protected it from fungi. 7. Due to logs (being stored, having been stored) in water it was easier to sort them before (sawing, having sawn).

Exercise 4.

Differentiate between Participle I and Gerund and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Nowadays wood is still burnt instead of being used for useful products. 2. The workability of wood being very high, it is highly valued by joiners. 3. We know of inflammability of wood being not very high. 4. Logs are often floated instead of being taken overland. 5. Drying means removing the free moisture so that timber becomes light enough for easy handling. 6. Measuring logs is necessary to determine their volume. 7. Being burnt in cars fuel contaminates the environment. 8. Having been greatly improved timber cutting equipment helps the operations to be increasingly mechanized. 9. Different fungi spoil the appearance of wood without affecting its strength properties. 10. The inflammable gases being produced in great quantities and ignited, their combustion raises the temperature of wood.