- •Часть II
- •Д.Ю. Коновалов, ст. Преп. Каф. Безоп. Технол. Процессов и производств агту, кандидат с.-х. Наук
- •Ббк 81.2 англ – 92
- •Unit 1 Environmental Aspects of Timber
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Heat Conductivity of Wood
- •Answer the questions:
- •What properties of wood do you know?
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Heat Conductivity
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about.
- •Species of Trees and Their Application
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. The timber used was insufficiently seasoned.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Classification of Species
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Fireproofing
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Indicate the word combinations that:
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Inflammation of Wood
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Infinitive: Forms and Functions
- •Storage of Logs in Sawmill Yards
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •Speak about:
- •Infinitive Constructions: Complex Subject Complex Object
- •Timber Drying Methods
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Why Dry Lumber?
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Infinitive. Revision
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Specialists suppose that one hectare of coniferous forests sucks annually 30 tons of dust.
- •Everybody knows that wood is a renewable raw material.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. The Requirements to Hardwood Lumber Drying
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Revision
- •Wood-based panels – Plywood
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •III. Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Laminated Veneer Lumber and Other Structural Sections
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Unit 9 Revision
- •Wood-based panels: Fibreboard, Particle board
- •I. Answer the questions.
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Wood-Based Panels. Oriented Strand Board
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Unit 10 Revision
- •Sawmill Process
- •Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Sawing Machinery
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Contents
- •The List of Literature Used
- •Vocabulary
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Архангельский государственный технический университет
Кафедра иностранных языков
Древесина,
ее свойства
и применение
Учебно-методическое пособие
и задания по английскому языку
Часть II
Архангельск
2009
Рассмотрено и рекомендовано к изданию методической комиссией
Факультета механической технологии древесины
Архангельского государственного технического университета
Составители:
Т.Н. Истомина, ст. преподаватель
И.В. Мананкова, ст. преподаватель;
Рецензенты:
М.А. Калинина, зав.кафедрой иностранных языков АГТУ, канд. пед. наук,
доцент
Е.В. Гурьева, ст. преп., зав. секцией англ.яз. кафедры иностранных языков АГТУ
Д.Ю. Коновалов, ст. Преп. Каф. Безоп. Технол. Процессов и производств агту, кандидат с.-х. Наук
УДК: 811.111(075)
+ 630*81 (075)
Ббк 81.2 англ – 92
+ 37.11 я 75
Истомина Т.Н., Мананкова И.В. Пособие «Древесина, ее свойства и применение»: Учебно-методическое пособие и задания по английскому языку. Часть II, 2-е изд, переработанное и дополненное. – Архангельск: Изд-во АГТУ, 2009. – 114 с.
Учебно-методическое пособие разработано на кафедре иностранных языков АГТУ. Составлено в соответствии с программой курса «Английский язык для технических специальностей высших учебных заведений» по материалам из английских и американских монографий, журналов и газет.
Предназначено для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов II курса факультета механической технологии древесины всех специальностей.
© Архангельский государственный
технический университет, 2009
© Т.Н. Истомина
И.В. Мананкова
Unit 1 Environmental Aspects of Timber
Answer the questions:
What is wood?
Where is wood used?
What properties of wood do you know?
Read the text and try to understand it.
Environmental aspects have become, along with technical and economic aspects, increasingly important in the evaluation of products. Environmental aspects have gained more and more attention in legislation, product approval, standardization, and in the consumers’ choices and preferences. Environmental labelling systems are increasing and different steering measures are being introduced in order to reduce the over-exploitation of natural resources and to avoid pollution and environmental risks.
From the environmental point of view, every industry should make most of its raw materials while minimizing the harmful effects on the environment.
Wood material is utilized fairly completely by the forest industries even if large amounts of by-products and waste wood are produced in single processes. The yield of sawn timber for instance is only about 50% of the round wood volume, but the by-products are used for the production of pulp and paper, reconstituted boards, etc. Bark and other wastes unsuitable for raw material are utilized for energy production.
Among the different industrial branches, forest product industries are considered fairly harmless to the environment. In the sawmilling industry, environmental impacts are caused by water storage of logs because of dissolving bark and wood substances. Environmental problems are also caused by noise, smell and handling of wastes. The most serious problems have been connected with the use of toxic blue-stain preservatives, which may have polluted soil and watercourses. These have nowadays been replaced in most countries in Europe by less harmful chemicals and the need for their use has diminished due to efficient kiln drying practices.
In joinery and furniture industries, problems to the environment are caused by different additive materials. The most acute problem is surface finishing. Currently used finishes and lacquers are mainly based on organic solvents which give off harmful emissions. Today the general trend is towards
water-based and bio-based finishing systems.
In the panel products industry, problems are caused by adhesives that may create harmful emissions and problem wastes. Problem may also emerge from coatings and various additive materials. Due to more advanced technology, better environmental protection and waste management, new, environmentally more friendly methods of preservation and finishing are being developed and introduced.
General understanding
Answer the questions:
Why have environmental aspects become increasingly important?
How should every industry use its raw materials?
To what extent are wood and timber products used?
What causes environmental problems in forest products industries?
What has been done to reduce the toxic blue-stain preservatives effect on the environment?
Where are wood by-products and wastes used?
What is the most acute problem in furniture industry?
What is the trend today in this aspect?
What methods are being developed and introduced nowadays?