Science and Athletics

Since 1874, when world records for running were first kept sys­tematically, man has apparently learned to run faster. In 1874 the record for the mile was 4 minutes 46 seconds; now it is 3 minutes 53.6 seconds. According to an analysis by B. Lloyd, the record should come down to 3 minutes 41 seconds by the year 2000. Similar pro­gress has been achieved and forecast in other running events and re­cords have continually imported in the rest of athletics.

But how long can this improvement be maintained and at what levels will the human athletic performance eventually be reached?

Behind the improvements in performances is the understanding of the physiology of exercise which began to develop at the beginning of this century. When a muscle contracts and produces movement it is converting chemical energy into mechanical work. The chemical en­ergy it requires is obtained from the reaction in which glucose, derived from the body's food supply, is burnt in the muscle cell.

VII. Ответьте письменно на вопрос.

How does a muscle produce mechanical work?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2

Образец к выполнению заданий по грамматике

Тема: Perfect и Perfect Continuous

Изучите способы перевода

Present Perfect - I have done

I have read some of Недавно я прочитал Shakespeare's plays несколько пьес

recently. Шекспира.

Past Perfect - I had done

When we got home last night, Когда мы пришли домой

we found that somebody had прошлым вечером, мы

broken into the flat обнаружили, что кто-то

вломился в квартиру

Future Perfect -I shall have done

I shall have done my work Я сделаю мою работу к by the end of may. концу мая

Present Perfect Continuous - I have been doing

I hope the bus comes soon. Я надеюсь, что автобус

I have been waiting for скоро придет. Я жду уже

20 minutes. 20 минут.

Past Perfect Continuous - I had been doing

We had been playing for Мы играли уже около

about an hour when it часа, когда начался

started to rain. дождь.

ВАРИАНТ I

I. Прочитайте и переведите письменно следующий текст.

One of the biggest problems with holidays, apart from the usual travel complications and accommodation difficulties, is the expecta­tions people have of them. When we go on holiday we expect to leave all the stresses and strains of our daily lives behind us. We imagine we will be able to escape to such a degree that we even tend to believe that we can leave our own personalities behind and become com­pletely different people. The average business-person, tense, short-tempered, unable to relax, envisages herself/ himself becoming, from the moment of locking the office door, a radically different sort of per­son: carefree, good-humoured and ready to relax. In practice, we take ourselves with us wherever we go. It is no wonder so many holidays are a dissappointment, no matter how smoothy they go or how lovely the weather is. In fact, the innumerable problems that build up during the average holiday are probably a welcome change from the feeling that we are not enjoing ourselves so much as we should.

II. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на Perfect и Perfect Continuos.

1. I have been doing a Nursery Teacher's course this year.

2. He was a very careful driver. He had never had an accident.

3. I have come here for holidays since I was a child.

4. I am dreadfully tired. I have been doing an exam all morning.

III. Перепишите предложения, выбрав правильную форму глаголов. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. For the past six months I work | am working | have been working | had been working | in a department store..

2. I speak French and English fluently and I learn | am learning | will be learning | have been learning | German since I left school, so I speak some German too.

3. He forgets | will forget | has forgotten | his map. We'll have to go back for it.

IV. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Present Perfect или в Present Perfect Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I (be) to the country for weeks.

2. My hands are dirty. I (repair) the car.

3. It's nice to see you again. What (do) you since we last met?

4. How long you (read) that book?

V. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Где ключ? Я не знаю. Я его потерял.

2. Я учу английский всю свою жизнь.

3. “Не забудь отправить письмо”. “Я уже отправила его”.

4. Когда я приехала в Париж, она уже уехала в Москву.