II. Перепишите вопросы к тексту и письменно ответьте на них. Переведите вопросы и ответы на русский язык.

1. What influence has high pressure on:

a) water;

б) rocks;

в) insulating materials?

2. What is the pressure at the centre of the earth?

3. What is superconductivity?

BAPHAHT IV

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. Lasers Help Science and Industry

The achievements of scientists in designing lasers and develop­ing laser technology are common knowledge. Lasers cut, melt and weld metals, help doctors and biologists.

Spectral analysis in our time is one of the most effective meth­ods for determining the chemical composition of substances, the method which science and industry are demanding more and more. They need more accurate and faster methods of analysis of the rapid technological processes taking place in conditions inaccessible to man. Physicists have developed a method for using optical quantum gen­erators for spectral analysis.

The research done by scientists has shown that using the new method it is possible to increase considerably accuracy and speed of analysis and even to make it automatic.

With quantum generators it is possible to carry out analyses of substances in unusual conditions, in particular, in vessels, where there is either an extremely rarefied atmosphere, or high pressure.

It seems it will be possible to carry out analyses inside indus­trial apparatus, in particular, in smelting furnaces during the smelting of metals. The method developed makes the control of technological processes more rapid than ever.

One more problem is of great interest to scientists: combining the two biggest technological discoveries of the second half of the century-the laser and thermonuclear reaction-to produce a practically limitless source of energy.

II. Перепишите вопросы к тексту и письменно ответьте на них. Переведите вопросы и ответы на русский язык.

1. What operations with metals can lasers do?

2. What is one of the most effective methods for determining the chemical composition of substances?

3. What equipment is used for spectral analysis?

4. Why is using quantum generators for carrying out analyses in smelting furnaces better than other methods?

5. What can combining discoveries of the laser and thermonu­clear reaction give to people?

Вариант V

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. Uses of Electricity

Electricity is the power that has made possible the engineering progress of today. Wherever we look around us, we can find this power serving us in some way.

When we use a switch and have our room instantly flooded with light, we seldom think of what is happening to make it possible.

Probably the most important use of electricity in the modern home is producing4ight.

The uses of electricity in the home do not end with lighting. There are more and more electric devices helping us in our home work.

But we should not forget that electricity is the most important source of energy in industry as well. A worker in a modern manufac­turing plant uses on the average in the machines which he operates over 10.000 kilovatthours of electrical energy a year. This means that he uses enough electrical energy to supply seven or eight modern homes during a year.

Automation, which is one of the main factors of technical pro­gress today, is impossible without electricity.

Our life can't be imagined without telephone, telegraph and radio communications. But it is also electricity that gives them life. In recent years electricity has made a great contribution to radio communication between the spaceships and also between the astronauts and the earth.

Little could be done in modern research laboratory without the aid of electricity. Nearly all of the measuring devices used in develop­ing nuclear power for the use of mankind are electrically operated.