Unit 12

Topic for discussion: The European Law in the 19^th Century.

Napoleon’s Code.

Grammar: Future Perfect Tense

Ex.1 Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.

Napoleon's Law

The laws of much of continental Europe (particularly France), of Quebec in Canada, and of much of Latin America — along with the civil laws of Louisiana — owe their modern form largely to the work of a man who never even studied law. Napoleon Bonaparte, the Corsican soldier who became emperor of France after the French Revolution, established in 1800 five commissions to refine and organise the diverse legal systems of France. The result, enacted in 1804, was the Napoleon's Code.

Some of its original 2,281 articles were drafted by Napoleon himself, and all were affected by his thinking, even though he was completely self-taught in legal matters. The code was a triumphant attempt to create a legal system that treated all citizens as equals without regard to their rank or previous privilleges. It was also so clearly written that it could be read and understood by ordinary people at a time when only Latin scholars could make sense of the earlier laws handed down since Roman times. The code was adopted intact in most of the areas of Europe that Napoleon dominated and spread from there across the Atlantic, taking root particularly in French-speaking American communities. Many of its principles are still in force today.

Ex.2 Find the English equivalents for the following words in the text “Napoleon’s Law”. Read the sentences from the text.

Питання права, вивчати право, різноманітні правові системи, створити правову систему, імператор, цивільне право, оригінальний варіант статей,піддаватись впливу чиїхось ідей, передавати (з покоління в покоління), панувати (володарювати); відноситись, як до рівних; вкоренитись, бути все ще в силі, не враховуючи привілеї.

Ex.3 Continue the sentences:

1. The laws of much of continental Europe owe their modern form largely to ________________.

2. Napoleon Bonaparte became emperor of France ___________.

3. Napoleon established 5 commissions to refine and organize ________.

4. Some of original 2281 articles of Napoleon’s code were drafted _______.

5. Napoleon was completely self-taught in _________.

6. Napoleon’s code was a triumphant attempt to create ________.

7. Only Latin scholars could make sense of the earlier laws_________.

Ex. 4 Translate into English:

1. Закони більшої частини континентальної Європи зобов’язані своїм сучасним виглядом Наполеону.

2. Наполеон був людиною, яка ніколи навіть не вивчала право.

3. Наполеон вивчав питання права абсолютно самостійно.

4. У той час лише латинські вчені могли розібратись у законах, що існували раніше.

5. Кодекс Наполеона особливо прижився у франкомовних американських колоніях.

Ex. 5 Agree or disagree:

1. The laws of much of continental Europe owe their modern form largely to a man who never even studied law.

2. Napoleon Bonaparte, the French soldier, became emperor of Corsica after the French Revolution.

3. Napoleon established in 1700 5 commissions to refine and organize the diverse legal systems of France.

4. Some of original 2281 articles of Napoleon’s code were drafted by Napoleon himself.

5. Napoleon’s code couldn’t be read and understood by ordinary people.

6. Only Latin scholars could make sense of Napoleon’s code.

7. Napoleon’s code was adopted intact in most of the areas of America.

Ex.7 Open the brackets using the right grammar tense of the verb:

1. I (to do) my homework tomorrow.

2. I (to do) my homework at 6 o’clock tomorrow.

3. I (to do) my homework by six o’clock tomorrow.

4. Tomorrow I (to begin) doing my homework as soon as I come from school. I (to do) my homework from 3 till 6. My father (to come) home at 7 o’clock tomorrow. I (to do) al my homework by the time he comes, and we (to go) for a walk together.

5. When I come home tomorrow my family (to have) supper.

6. When you come to my place tomorrow I (to read) your book. I (to do) my homework by the time you come.

7. Don’t come to my place tomorrow. I (to write) a compositionthe whole evening.

Ex.8 Choose the correct answer:

1. We …to study in September.

1. will have begun

2. will begin

3. will be beginning

2. Next summer at this time Liza … on the beach.

1. will lie

2. will have lain

3. will be lying

3. He … until he finishes his work.

1. won’t come

2. won’t be coming

3. won’t have come

4. If you surf the net, you .. the necessary information.

1. will be finding

2. will have found

3. will find

5. Next year at this time we .. exactly what we are doing now.

1. will be doing

2. will do

3. will have done

6. I think he … at this hotel when he arrives.

1. will have stayed

2. will be staying

3. will stay

7. I hope that tomorrow morning the sun … brightly.

1. will shine

2. will have shown

3. will be shining

8. When we return, our granny … the table for dinner.

1. will be setting

2. will be set

3. will have set

9. When … they .. us .. to the party?

1. will … be inviting

2. will … invite

3. will …have invited

10. I … for you at seven in the café.

1. will be waiting

2. will have waited

3. will wait

Ex. 9 Translate into English:

1. В цей час завтра я сидітиму на лекції.

2. Через місяць вони почнуть будувати новий будинок.

3. Я допомагатиму тобі поки ти працюватимеш.

4. Він повернеться з роботи до п’ятої, а о п’ятій ми будемо обідати.

5. Всі студенти зберуться в холі до шостої години.

6. Ми отримаємо всі документи до наступної п’ятниці.

7. Я складатиму іспити через кілька тижнів в цей самий час.

8. Вона приготує все до того моменту, як прийдуть гості.

Ex.10 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:

1. He (to receive) the judicial decision by tomorrow.

2. He (to receive) the judicial decision tomorrow.

3. They (to inform) him of the penalty by noon.

4. They (to inform) him of the penalty at 12.

5. You (to meet) the accused in court tomorrow.

6. You (to meet) the accused in court by the beginning of the hearing.

7. You (to take) your examination in Criminal Procedure next week.

8. By the 20^th of January you (to pass) your examination in Criminal Procedure, I hope.

Ex.11 Translate into English:

1. Президент обіцяє, що якість особистого життя, а саме освіта та охорона здоров’я поліпшиться до початку наступної декади.

2. Злочинця знайдуть та покарають до кінця місяця.

3. Коли ви прийдете, вступний екзамен буде завершено.

4. До очатку наступного року велику кількість законів буде змінено.

5. Судове рішення вже буде оголошено, коли ти прийдеш.

6. обговорення нового закону з права власності на землю буде закінчено до початку наступного тижня.