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Other British banks

This group comprises around 150 different institutions, with assets totalling £ 62bn in April 2000. Given the size of the group, it is not surprising that it constitutes a rather disparate range of institutions. Having said that, a sig­nificant proportion of the group's activities are overseas, stemming from the fact that many of these banks originated when the UK was a major colonial power and banks were needed to service the needs of companies and indi­viduals with dealings in the colonies. This need has declined, but banking services are still required within the former colonies and the status of London as a major financial centre has meant that it has been appropriate for these banks to retain their base in Britain.

Other banks in this group include wholesale banks that provide corporate banking services on a regional basis or that specialise in services to particular industries, and former finance houses that have taken on full banking status.

Overseas banks

The overseas banks represent the largest group of banks within the UK Finan­cial system, totalling around 350. Their dominance in numbers is matched by their assets, totalling almost £ 100bn, (about 10 times the size of the British wholesale banks) as at 30 April 2000. They have exhibited very rapid growth since the early 1970s, in terms of both assets and numbers.

The overseas banks came to London originally to meet the business require­ments of firms in their own countries. While they still perform that function. they are now important participants within the eurocurrency markets, and as such facilitate tlie taking-up of deposits from a wide range of sources and the financing of a wide range of different projects, with their activities no longer particularly related to their home countries. London's status as the major centre of eurocurrency market activity has facilitated this develop­ment and made it necessary for a bank of any size, wherever it is based in the world, to have a London office.

In addition to these wholesale banking activities, many overseas banks have moved into other areas of activity. This has in some cases included retail financial services, and in other cases has, as a consequence of the deregula­tion of the capital markets, included market-making and stockbroking activities. Some of the overseas banks have become major investment banks.

I. Key terms

Acceptance

  • акцепт - agreeing to honour the Bill of exchange by extension the document itself;

Bill of exchange

  • вексель - an order in writing addressed by one person to another and signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay, on demand or at a fixed date, a specified sum of money. The bill is made out by the signatory (the drawer) always with the consent of the person to whom it is addressed, who signs or accepts it;

Drawer

  • трасант - the party that presents a cheque or other bill of exchange for payment;

Underwrite

  • гарантувати - to guarantee to buy or find buyers for all or part of the issue of a security. Normally done in return for a fee by a bank or group of banks to ensure sale of any part of an issue not bought by the public to which it is directed;

Contingent liability

  • позабалансовий пасив - off balance sheet liability;

Derivative

  • похідні; дериватив - a general term for futures, options and swaps, i.e. instruments derived from conventional direct dealings in securities, currencies and commodities;

Certificate of deposit

  • депозитний сертифікат - a negotiable claim issued by a bank in return for a term deposit. The document is normally a bearer security. The advantage of the CD to depositors is that the latter can place their money in a fixed-term or long-term maturity deposit, so obtaining a higher rate of interest while knowing that they can sell the CD in the secondary market whenever they may need to recover the money;

Investments

  • інвестиції - 1) the act of placing monetary resources into the creation of assets, in the manufacturing and services sectors of the economy. Only real capital formation, such as the production of machinery, adds to the stock of investment goods; 2) the act of placing monetary resources into financial assets, namely the purchase of shares and bonds. Shifting money from a bank account to securities in this way simply moves from one form to another; 3) the sum of money itself so invested, or the total of financial assets so acquired;

Overseas banks

  • зарубіжні банки - 1) banks operating in the UK but foreign controlled; 2) UK owned banks that conduct their business mainly abroad;

Solvency

  • платіжеспроможність - the ability to pay one’s debts in full on the due date;

LIBOR

  • Лондонська ставка пропонування за міжбанківськими депозитами - the rate of interest offered on loans to first-class banks in the London interbank market for a specified period (usually three or six months). Owing to the heavy volume of interbank dealing, the three-month and six-month rates have come to be widely used as a basis of reference for the setting of many other interest rates. It is closely related to base rate but is closer to prime rate in US terms. The rate may apply to sterling or eurodollars;

Negotiable

  • ті, які вільно обертаються - 1) subject to agreement between the parties involved in transaction; 2) a negotiable instrument, e.g. a crossed cheque or bearer share, is one in which the title of ownership is transferred freely from hand to hand; 3) the propensity of a financial claim, e.g. bill of exchange, certificate of deposit, Treasury bill or bond, to be traded in financial markets, e.g. in the money market. The term is interchangeable in this sense with transferable and marketable;

Letter of credit

  • акредитив - a non-negotiable order from a bank to a bank abroad, authorising payment to a named person of a particular sum of money or up to a limit of a certain sum;

Standby letter of credit

  • резервний (гарантійний) акредитив - a commitment under which a bank agrees to provide funds to a customer where no goods are involved;

Custodian services

  • послуги заощадження, зберігання - services dealing with keeping valuables or managing the assets of investment trust.