Видо-временные формы английского глагола в действительном залоге

simple continuous perfect

констатация факта процесс завершенность

to + основа глагола to be + причастие I to have + причастие II

present I write/she writes I am writing I have written

(часто) she is writing she has written

we are writing (уже, только что)

(сейчас)

past I wrote I was writing I had written

(вчера, два дня тому назад) we were writing (вчера к трем часам,

(вчера в 3 часа, когда до того, как он пришел)

он вошел, пока он читал)

future I shall/will write I shall/will be writing I shall/will have written

(завтра) (завтра в 3 часа) (завтра к трем часам,

до того, как он придет)

ВОПРОСЫ ПО НАУЧНОЙ БИОГРАФИИ

1. What is your name? // surname? 2. How old are you? 3. Are you married or single? 4. Where were you born? 5.Where do you live? 6. Where did you spend your childhood? 7. When did you go to school? 8. When did you leave school? 9. What school did you finish? 10. Did you do well at school? 11. What was your favourite subject? 12. What did you do after finishing school? 13. What University (Faculty) did you enter? 14. When did you graduate from the University? 15. Why did you decide to enter a post-graduate course? 16. What is the subject-matter of your thesis (dissertation)? 17. Who do you work under? 18. What is the aim (goal) of your future study? 19. Have you read many books connected with your thesis? 20. What are the main advantages of your research work? 21. What kind of material are you going to collect?

Время Формы		PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
INDEFINITE	ACTIVE	I show He shows We show	I He } showed We	I shall (will) He will } show We shall (will)
PASSIVE	I am He is } shown We are	I was He was } shown We were	I shall (will) be He will } shown We shall (will)
CONTINUOUS	ACTIVE	I am He is } showing We are	I was He was } showing We were	I shall (will) be He will }show- We shall (will) ing
PASSIVE	I am He is } being shown We are	I was He was} being shown We were	- - -
PERFECT	ACTIVE	I have He has } shown We have	I He } had shown We	I shall (will) He will } have We shall (will) shown
PASSIVE	I have He has } been shown We have	I He } had been shown We	I shall (will) have He will } been We shall (will) shown
PERFECT CONTINUOUS	ACTIVE	I have He has}been showing We have	I He}had been showing We	I shall (will) have He will } been We shall (will) show- ing
PASSIVE	- - -	- - -	- - -

P A R T II

READING TASK 1

Задание по просмотровому чтению: Отрывок из монографии (1000-1500 печатных знаков) на просмотровое чтение и изложение прочитанного на иностранном или русском языке.

Просмотровое чтение используется для того, чтобы понять в самых общих чертах, о чем идет речь в тексте. Этим видом чтения обычно пользуются при просмотре книги, журнала, статьи и т.п., когда нет необходимости знать подробности и понимать смысл написанного. Главное – получить самое общее представление о содержании в целом.

SAMPLE TEXT

“Culture is both public and individual, both in the world and in people’s heads” (Quinn and Strauss, 1989). Anthropologists are interested not only in public and collective behavior but also in how individuals think, feel, and act. The individual and culture are linked because human social life is a process in which individuals internalize the meanings of public (i.e., cultural) messages. Then, alone or in groups, people influence culture by converting their private understandings into new public objects and actions. We may study this process by focusing on shared, public aspects of culture or by focusing on individuals. Anthropology and psychology intersect in psychological anthropology, the ethnographic and cross-cultural study of differences and similarities in human psychology. Focusing on the individual, psychological anthropology exists because a complete account of cultural process requires both perspectives – private and public.

One area of psychological anthropology is cognitive anthropology – the ethnographic and cross-cultural study of cognition – which includes learning, ways of knowing, and the organization of knowledge, perceptions, and meaning. Cognitive anthropology examines private understanding by analyzing aspects of individual behavior, including speech.

Drawing on recent discoveries in cognitive science, Naomi Quinn and Claudia Strauss (1989) have developed an approach that explicitly links the individual and culture. They start with the assumption that every culture is both (1) a network of shared understandings and (2) a changing product involving negotiation by its individual members. Quinn and Strauss draw on schema theory, which is prominent in modern cognitive science.

(From: Cultural Anthropology by C.P. Kottak// McGraw-Hill Inc. N.Y. 1991)

Начать пересказ отрывка можно, используя следующие фразы:

This extract is about…

--------------dwells upon the problem of …

---------------considers the fact of …

---------------presents a description of …

SAMPLE TEXT SUMMARY (ENGLISH)

The extract dwells upon the problems of psychological anthropology. N. Quinn and C. Strauss aim at individual and collective mental processes investigation. One of the fields – cognitive anthropology – is a learning of links between individual and public aspects of knowledge.

SAMPLE TEXT SUMMARY (RUSSIAN)

В отрывке освещаются проблемы психологической антропологии. Исследователи Н. Куинн и К. Стросс ставят перед собой задачу изучить процессы, протекающие в мозгу индивида и коллектива. Одна из областей психологической антропологии – когнитивная антропология – межкультурное изучение знания, анализ частного понимания аспектов индивидуального поведения.

READING TASK 2

Чтение вслух и пересказ на английском языке текста по специальности объемом 2.500 печатных знаков из монографии.

Подготовка к пересказу текста предполагает составление его резюме.