Topical vocabulary

Amend – вносить поправки

Declare – провозглашать

Magistrate – мировой судья

Appeal – обжалование

Equal – равный

Precedent – прецедент

Approve – одобрять

Impose – облагать

Refer – передавать на рассмотрение

Bill – законопроект

Initiate – инициировать

Review – пересмотр (дела)

Chamber – палата

Introduсе – вводить, представлять

Reside – принадлежать

Coin – создавать новые слова

Judiciary – судебная власть, судоустройство

Restrict – ограничивать

Committee – комитет

Justice – правосудие

Separate – отделять

Common – общий

Juvenile – подростковый

Session – сессия

Constituency – избирательный округ

Court – суд

Law-making – законотворческий

Legislative – законодательный

Sign – подписывать

Tribunal – суд, трибунал, орган правосудия

UNIT 6. THE POLICE FORCES OF UK AND US

ТEXT A. The police force of Great Britain: historical aspect.

The rise of the police as an organized force in the Western world coincided with the evolution of strong centralized government. The historical growth of the British police is of special significance for it is upon the British model that much of Western policing is based.

The development of law enforcement in English cities and towns grew out of an early reliance on bailiffs. Bailiffs were assigned the task of maintaining a night watch, primarily to detect fires and thieves. They were small in number and served simply to rouse the sleeping population. Larger cities expended the idea of bailiffs by creating both a day ward and a night watch.

British police practices became codified in the Statute of Winchester, written in 1285. The statute specified 1) creation of the watch and the ward in cities and towns, 2) the draft of eligible males to serve either force, 3) institutionalized use of the "hueand cry", making citizens who disregarded this call for help subject to criminal penalties, 4) that citizens must maintain weapons in their homes for answering the call to arms.

In 1829 Sir Robert Peel formed what many have hailed as the world's first modem police force. Passage of the Metropolitan Police Act the same year allocated the resources for Peel's force of 1.000 uniformed men. The Metropolitan Police soon became a model for police forced around the world. They were organized around two principles: a) the belief that it was possible to discourage a crime, b) the practice of preventive patrol. "It's much better to prevent a crime than catch the criminals after its commitment" – was Peel's philosophy.

Exercises

Ex.1. Заполните таблицу пропущенными словами обозначенных частей речи.

a noun a verb an adjective

Crime

To organize

Possible

To commit

Practice

To use

Ex. 2. Найдите соответствия английских и русских выражений

centralized government Уголовные наказания

to maintain a night watch Распространить идею

to detect fires and thieves Профилактическое патрулирование

to expend the idea Централизованное управление

to disregard the call Предупредить преступление

criminal penalties Ловить преступника

to prevent a crime Поддержать ночной дозор

preventive patrol Расследовать пожары и воров

to catch a criminal Игнорировать призыв

Ех.3. Выберите правильное завершение предложения і

1. The rise of the police in the Western world coincided with ....

a) the appearance of fire-arms, b) the evolution of strong centralized government, c) the collapse of the Roman Empire.

2. Bailiffs were assigned the task of...........................

a) cleaning the streets, b) maintaining a night watch, c) exercising the law-making activity.

3. British police practices became codified in..............................

a) Metropolitan Police Act, b) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, c) the Statute of Winchester

4. The statute specified.................

a) three positions, b) four positions, c) five positions

5. The Metropolitan Police became a model for police forced................

a) in English speaking countries, b) around the world, c) in ancient Greece

Ex.4. Отметьте звездочкой (*) правильные утверждения

1. The development of law enforcement in English cities and towns grew out of an early reliance on bailiffs (...). 2. Bailiffs were assigned the task of detecting fires and thieves (...). 3. Larger cities rejected the idea of creating both a day ward and a night watch (...). 4. British police practices became codified in the Statute of Winchester, written inl328 (...)• 5. The Winchester Statute specified the necessity to maintain weapons at homes for answering the call to arms (...). 6. In 1929 Sir Robert Peel formed the world's first modem police force (...). 7. Passage of the Metropolitan Police Act that allocated the resources for Peel's force of 1.000 uniformed men (...). 8. The Metropolitan Police soon became a model for police forced around the world (...). 9. The Metropolitan Police were organized around the principle of possibility to discourage a crime, and the principle of preventive activity (...). 10. It is much better to prevent a crime than catch the criminals after its commitment (...).

Ex.5. Ответьте на вопросы

1. What did the setting up of the police forces coincide with? 2. Why are the English police of a special significance? 3. What is the base of growing out the British law enforcement evolution? 4. What were the bailiffs responsible for? 5. When did British police practices become codified? 6. What document confirmed the police practice in Great Britain? 7. What did the Winchester Statute specify? 8. Who initiated the reforming of British police? 9. What year was the Metropolitan Police Act adopted? 10. What principles were the Metropolitan Police organized around?

Ex. 6. Дайте краткое изложение содержания текста

TEXT В. Modern police force of the United Kingdom.

Most countries have a national police force which is controlled by the Central Government. Great Britain has no national police force, although police policy is governed by the central Government's Home Office. Instead there is a separate police force for each of 52 areas into which the country is divided. Each has a police authority -a committee of local county councilors and magistrates.

Outside London most counties (regions in Scotland) have their own police forces, though in the interests of efficiency several have combined forces. The policing in London is in the hands of the Metropolitan Police Force, with headquarter at New Scotland Yard, and the City of London force.

The duties of the police forces in the United Kingdom include the provision of хЯісе cover at major airports (Heathrow, Gatwick, etc.), but the police carry no responsibility for the running of prisons, for immigration or for customs excise duties. Die duties and responsibilities of police are the following:

• the protection of life and property

• the prevention of crime and detection of offenders

• the preservation of public tranquility

The Home Secretary and the Secretaries of State for Scotland and Northern Ireland approve the appointment of chief, deputy and assistant chief constables, and may require a police authority to retire a chief constable in the interests of efficiency, call for a report from chief constable on matters relating to local policing or institute a local inquiry. They can make regulations covering such matters as police ranks, qualifications for appointment, promotion and retirement, etc.

Every force has its Crime Investigation Department staffed by specialist detectives. There it also a traffic division which operates road patrol units. At the heart of most police stations is the control room equipped with high-tech computers and radio devices.