Topical vocabulary

Allow – разрешать

Determine – определять

Involve – включать в

Resolve – разрешать (спор)

Arrangement – устройство

Dispute – спор

Maintain – поддерживать

Review – пересматривать

Behave – вести себя

Distinction – отличие

Matter – вопрос, проблема

Set – набор, комплект

Borrow – заимствовать

Employment – занятость

Precedent – прецедент

Sign – знак

Codify – кодифицировать

Entitle – давать право

Prescriptive – предписывающий

Succession – правопреемство

Common – общий

Fine – штрафовать

Private – частный

Supervision – надзор

Cover – покрывать

Forbid – запрещать

Procedure – процедура

Tort – гражданское правонарушение

Custom – традиция

Impose – налагать ответственность

Prosecute – преследовать судебным порядком

Treaty – договор

Descriptive – описательный

Imprison – заключать в тюрьму

Punish – наказывать

Vote – голосовать

Unit 5. The legislative and judicial power of uk and us – Part 1

TEXT A. The legislative power of Great Britain.

The legislative power resides in Parliament, which consists of the Sovereign, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

There are 635 members of the English House of Commons, or MPs, as they are called. They are elected by popular vote and represent counties and borough constituencies. The House of Commons seems to have most of power within Parliament. It is here that the government is formed. The Prime Minister (PM) is usually

(he leader of the party of majority in the Parliament. Any member of the House may initiate or introduce a Bill. Due to the Parliament Act 1911 the maximum life of the House of Commons was restricted to five years.

Each session of Parliament is usually opened in the House of Lords. The House of Lords, or the Upper House, consists of hereditary and life peers and top church officials. The House of Lords is not an elective body. There are more than 650 members. This house has lost most of its powers and can not influence the law making process in Parliament. In practice, the powers of the House of Lords have been truncated to limited revising and delaying functions. It is the House of Commons which is the dominant part of the legislature. The Lords and the Commons began to meet separately five centuries ago. The House of Lords consists of the Lords 'Spiritual and ТетрогаГ. The Lords Spiritual are the two Archbishops (Canterbury and York. The Lords Temporal include peers by hereditary right, peers by virtue of their office (the Law Lords), and Life peers created under the Life Peerage Act, 1958.), and twenty-four bishops of the Church of England.

Exercises

Ex.1. Прочитайте международные слова, определите их значение. Обратите внимание на ударения.

'sovereign 'leader 'limit 'dominant spi'ritual

'minister initi'ate 'form 'peer 'separate

Ex.2. Найдите соответствия английских и русских выражений.

House of Commons Предлагать законопроект

Counties and borough constituencies Лорды духовные и светские

The party of majority Палата Общин

Introduce a Bill Благодаря, посредством

То loose the power Избирательные округа графств и городов

hereditary and life peers Партия большинства

Lords Spiritual and Теmроrаl Потерять полномочия

by virtue Наследственные и пожизненные пэры

Ex. 2. Заполните таблицу пропущенными словами обозначенных частей речи.

A NOUN A VERB AN ADJECTIVE

legislature

To lead

To represent

Election

To initiate

Popular

Ex.4. Выберите правильное завершение предложения.

1. The legislative power resides in Parliament consisting of...........

a) Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers, b) the Sovereign, the House of Commons and the House of Lords, c) central and local government

2. There are 635 members of the English House of Commons......

a) nominated by the Prime Minister, b) elected by popular vote, c) promoted by the Sovereign

3. The Prime Minister (PM) is usually................................

a) the leader of the party of majority in the Parliament, b) the Sovereign's spouse, c) the Speaker of the House of Commons

4. The maximum life of the House of Commons was restricted........

a) to seven years, b) to five years, c) to three years

5. The House of Lords consists of..........................................

a) the Lords "Musical and Poetical", b) the Lords "Spiritual and Temporal", c) the Lords "Technical and Medical".

6. The powers of the House of Lords have been truncated............

a) to limited revising and delaying functions

Ex.5. Отметьте звездочкой (*) правильные утверждения

1. The legislative power resides in Parliament, consisting of the Government, the House of Commons and the House of Lords ( ). 2. There are 123 members of the English House of Commons, called MPs (...) 3. MPs are nominated by the sovereign (..) 4. The House of Commons seems to have most of power within Parliament (...). 5. Due to the Parliament Act 1911 the maximum life of the House of Commons was restricted to four years (..). 6. The House of Lords, or the Upper House, consists of hereditary and life peers and top church officials (..). 7. The House of Lords is an elective body like the House of Commons (..). 8. The House of Commons is the dominant part of the legislature (..). 9. ft was five centuries ago when the Lords and the Commons began to meet separately (...). 10. The House of Lords consists of the Lords "Spiritual and Temporal" (..).

Ex.6. Ответьте на вопросы.

L What body does the legislative power reside? 2. How many chambers does the British Parliament consist of? 3. What chamber members are elected? 4. Why are the members of the Lords not elected? 5. How is the Cabinet of Ministers formed? 6. Whom is a Prime Minister appointed? 7. What is the staff of the House of Lords? 8. Why is the House of Commons the dominant part of the legislature? 9. Whom does the House of Lords consist of? 10. When did the members of both chambers begin to meet separately?

Ex. 7. Дайте краткое изложение содержания текста

TEXT В. The court system of Great Britain.

The most common type of law in England and Wales is the magistrates9 court. There are 700 magistrates' courts and 30.000 magistrates.

More serious criminal cases then go the Crown Court, which has 90 branches in different towns and cities. Civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases) are dealt with in County courts.

Appeals are heard by higher courts. For example, appeals from magistrates' courts are heard in the Crown court. The highest court of appeal is the House of Lords. (Scotland has its own High Court in Edinburgh, which hears all appeals from Scottish courts). Certain cases may be referred to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg.

The legal system also includes juvenile courts (which deal with the offenders under seventeen) and coroners' courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths). There are administrative tribunals which make quick, cheap and fair decisions with less formality. Tribunals deal with disputes between individuals^ and disputes between individuals and government departments (for example, over taxation).