Topical vocabulary

Activity – деятельность

Define – определять

Nominate – назначать

Relations – отношения

Adopt – принимать

Executive – исполнительный

Organization – организация

Religious – религиозный

Agreement – соглашение

Government – правительство

Pass – принимать

State – государство

Amend – изменять

Independence – независимость

Power – власть, полномочия

Status – статус

Approve – утверждать

Judicial – судебный

Preamble – преамбула

Supreme – верховный

Article – статья

Law-making – законотворческий

Precedent – прецедент

Term – срок

Branch – отрасль

Legislative – законодательный

Procedure – процедура

Totality – совокупность

Body – орган

Matter – вопрос

Public – общественный

Treaty – договор

Declare – провозглашать

Mean – значить

Regulate – регулировать

Version – версия

UNIT 3. THE SYSTEM OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND JUDICIAL BODIES.

The system of law enforcement and judicial bodies includes a public prosecutor's office, a court, militia (police force) and state security bodies. They are aimed to enforce a law, to protect a person and property and to maintain order in a society.

TEXT A. The Prosecutor's Office.

Prosecutor is an official initiated criminal proceedings on behalf of the state. The word itself originates from Latin procurare meaning "to care of". The prosecutor's office is vested with the powers to undertake the prosecution, to hold a charge, to present the state interests in the court. Although responsibilities vary from one jurisprudence to another, many prosecutors are in charge of all phases of a criminal proceeding, from investigation through trial and beyond to all levels of appeal.

In Ukraine the composition, arrangement and responsibilities of the prosecutor's office are confirmed in the 7th Part of the Constitution. It states the functions and responsibilities entrusted with

- prosecuting in court on behalf of the State;

- representing the interests of a citizen and the State in court in cases determined by law;

- supervising the observance of laws by bodies conducting detective and search activity, inquiry and pre-trial investigation;

- supervising the observance of laws in the execution of judicial decisions in criminal cases and in the application of other coercive measures related to the restrain of personal liberty of citizens.

The Prosecutor General appointed to office with the consent of the Verkhovna Rada heads the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine for the five years term.

In Great Britain the body responsible for public prosecution is the Crown Prosecution Service headed by the Director. He is accountable to Attorney General holding Parliamentary responsibility for the Service. This Service started operating in 1986 when the special law was adopted. Before it those functions were vested to the local police forces responsible for deciding whether to prosecute particular cases. In the USA the prosecutors are elected to office. They present evidence at a hearing before a grand jury, which may or may not return an indictment for trial.

The status of the prosecutor's office varies from country to country. For example, in the USA, France, Austria, Japan, Poland it is a part of the Department of Justice. There are countries where the prosecutor's office is a part of a court or structurally separated from it.

EXERCISES.

Ex.1. Прочитайте международные слова, определите их значение. Обратите внимание на ударения.

Sepa'rate par'ticular 'structure appli'cation

'Service 'special ob'servance 'start

Ope'rate de'partment 'local pro'tect

Ex. 2. Найдите соответствия английских и русских выражений.

1.То enforce a law 4.5.Поддержать обвинение

2.То protect a person and property 11.Быть подотчетным

3.To maintain order Вести расследование

4.To undertake the prosecution 13.Быть избранным для деятельности

5.То hold a charge 6.Уголовный процесс

6.Criminal proceeding 10.Досудебное следствие

7.On behalf of the State 14.Министерство юстиции

8.To supervise the observance of laws 8.Обеспечить соблюдение законности

9.To conduct detective and search activity Boзбуждение уголовного дела

10.Pre-trial investigation 12.Преследовать пo конкретному делу

11.To be accountable 2.Защитить человека и собственность

12.То prosecute particular case 3.Поддержать порядок

13.То be elected to office 7.Oт имени государства

14.Department of Justice 1. Осуществлять надзор за законностью

Ex.3. Выберите правильное завершение предложения

1. Prosecutor is an official initialed…..

a) law-making procedure; b) criminal proceedings on behalf of the state; с) adopting the state budget

2. The prosecutor's office is vested with the powers.....

a) to hold a charge; b) to initiate a new legislation; с) to manage visa regime.

3. In Ukraine the composition, arrangement and responsibilities of the prosecutor's office are confirmed......

a) in the 5 Part of the Constitution; b) in the 10 Part of the Constitution; c) in the 7th Part of the Constitution

4. The Prosecutor General is appointed to office......

a) with the consent of the President; b) with the consent of the Verkhovna Rada; c) according to the referendum.

5. In Great Britain the body responsible for public prosecution is.....

a) the Crown Prosecution Service; b) Home Office; c) the Parliament

Ех.4. Отметьте звездочкой (*) правильные утверждения.

1. The word itself originates from Latin procurare meaning "to care of" (.). 2. Theprosecutor's office is vested with the powers to undertake the prosecution, to hold a charge, to present the state interests in the court (.). 3. The 4th Part of the Ukrainian Constitution states the functions and responsibilities entrusted with prosecuting in court on behalf of the State; representing the interests of a citizen and the State in court in cases determined by law (.). 4. The Prosecutor General heads the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine for the four years term. 5. In Great Britain the body responsible for public prosecution is the Crown Prosecution Service headed by the Prime Minister (.). 6. This Service started operating in 1986 when the special decision of the reigning monarch was adopted (.). 7. In the USA the prosecutors are elected to office (.). 8. The status of the prosecutor's office is the same in ail the countries (.). 9. The Prosecutor General is appointed to office with the consent of the Verkhovna Rada (.). 10. The US prosecutors are responsible to present evidence at a hearing before a grand jury (.).

Ex.5. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does the Latin word procurare mean? 2. What does the prosecutor initiate? 3. What powers is a prosecutor vested with? 4. What are the phases of a criminal proceeding? 5. What document confirms the status of a prosecutor's office in Ukraine? 6. What is the Head of the Prosecutor's Office in Ukraine? 7. What is the UK Crown Prosecution Service responsible for? 8. Are the prosecutors elected to office or appointed in the USA? 9. How do prosecutor's responsibilities vary? 10. How does the structural arrangement of the prosecutor's office vary from country to country?

Ex.6. Дайте краткое изложение содержания текста

TEXT В. THE COURT.

A court is a state body responsible for exercising justice in the way of proceedings and disposition of criminal, civil, administrative and other categories of cases, according to the procedural actions of a state. Courts are divided into customary and emergency; the forming of the last ones is forbidden almost by all modern Constrictions The customary courts are subdivided into the courts of the common competence and specialized courts such as military tribunals, arbitration courts (industrial, trade, business), tax courts, customs courts, etc. Constitutional and administrative courts are the special varieties of courts. In some countries there are the religious courts (for example, the court of Shariat in the Muslims states - Iran, Iraqi, Pakistan, Sudan) and the courts of the ordinary law (for example, the tribe courts in some countries of tropical Africa). In the states with the federal arrangement the courts are divided into federal ones and the courts of the subjects of the federation. Courts may be divided into the instances: the court of the first instance, the court of appeal, and the cassation court, etc.

Courts protect rights and legal interests of citizens, corporate bodies and a state. Courts are independent in their activity; they are accountable only to the law. Any interference into the justice is forbidden. The Parts 8 and 12 of the Constitution of Ukraine define the operating of the courts in Ukraine.