Questions

1. What do you understand by principles of management?

2. What do those principles lay down?

3. What do management principles include?

Tasks: 1. Read and translate (the first paragraphs in writing).

2. Discuss the main points of the text. Give a short summary.

The principles of management are considered to be a group of concepts generated by experience and research and expressed in terms of administrative rules and operating techniques. They lay down guidelines for the basic activities of planning, organising, coordinating, controlling and appraising. Competence in these areas constitute additional skills so necessary for effective managerial performance.

Many companies interested in a rapid growth of their management manpower (a factor which is essential for the achievement of future organisational goals) have made training in the field of management principles obligatory.

However, experience shows that training cannot stand alone. To get these principles translated into practice requires a favorable working climate and a high degree of motivation in managerial work.

Despite the universal recognition of the existing management principles many young people coming on the business scene find them hard to follow probably because of their poor knowledge of managerial psychology and philosophy.

The data obtained from the recent research throws some light on the reasons why some individuals make ineffective managers. The answer is simple: they violate the basic principles of management saying nothing of some general requirements which a manager should meet. He must have a profound knowledge of modern information and computing systems and advanced technologies, and be quite knowledgeable in the field of human behaviour so that he could establish good relations both with his superior and subordinates.

If, in the daily conduct of his business, the manager wants to be effective, he should put the management principles into practice.

While management is a process of getting things done through other people, its principles can be regarded as a kind of philosophy.

Read and discuss:

MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

Speaking about Management Objectives

Speaking about Management Objectives one should take the following into consideration.

The main objective has always been maximizing profits’ and minimizing losses. Managers should keep in mind that they run the business at a profit. Management objectives depend on the legal forms under which the company usually operates (individual proprietorship, partnership general and limited, and limited, and corporations.

Good managers draw up objectives that are clear and understandable to all concerned.

Objectives must be consistent. They must promote cooperation among various areas of the company, and must be socially reasonable.

In determining the objectives the manager must consider the personal objectives of his subordinates.

Ordinary business objectives have to be in keeping with the manpower and resources at hand.

It’s necessary to have proper policies to guide you in reaching your objectives. The policies which are generally established by the Board of Directors must not violate the trust and confidence that the stockholders have placed in the company. They should offer a kind of balance between the objectives of the corporation and its actual operations. They should consider the operating staffs’ interests and not be far from what the company’s personnel are prepared to accomplish.

The objectives of the business depend, to a great extent, on the organisational structure of the business. Before setting any objective to the organisation the manager should ask himself these questions:

1. What are the functions that must be performed?

2. Who are the people who are to perform them?

3. How are these tasks to be carried out?

In order to reach the goal we need procedures. (A procedure is a series of steps that are taken in order to accomplish an objective). in exercising management we also require rules (No Smoking rule, for example). It goes without saying (it stands to reason) that rules should be drawn up as required for each organisation. While policies may have to be interpreted, a rule must be exact and clear as regards its meaning.

Words

Прибыли, потери, вести дело, юридические формы, предпринимательство, формулировать, последовательный, способствовать, социально оправданный, учитывать, подчиненные, в соответствии с, рабочая сила, нарушать, доверие, уверенность, осуществить, добиться, в значительной степени, ставить цели, осуществлять, выполнять, достичь цели, само собой разумеется, касательно.

Why some people make ineffective managers

In my today’s talk I’d like to analyse the reasons why some individuals make ineffective managers in spite of the special training which they undergo. First of all, I think, they violate the basic principles of management as a whole. They:

• don’t meet some general requirements,

• don’t have a good knowledge of modern information systems,

• are not competent in the field of computing systems,

• are not knowledgeable in the area of advanced technologies,

• have a poor knowledge of human relations principles,

• cannot follow the existing managerial principles,

• they have got insufficient knowledge of managerial psychology,

• and, in many cases, they have no knowledge of philosophy.

Tasks: Learn the text by heart, and retell it.

MORE ABOUT MANAGEMENT

(an individual opinion)

Let me express my opinion concerning MANAGEMENT. Management, in my understanding, is a process based on the interaction of managers and subordinates. It is known far and wide, that managers guide, direct and control the actions of their subordinates in order to achieve the necessary aims (objectives, goals). It’s interesting to note that management includes the decision-making process which falls out into many stages. Management, to my mind, is considered to be a process of formulating and solving problems which appear from time to time.

The main aim of management is, among other things, to solve crucial problems. It should be pointed out that management is of social nature because it is carried out through people. Finally, speaking about management it’s necessary to emphasize (stress) that the effect of management is closely connected with the manager – his individual qualities, professional background and experience.

Words

concerning	- касательно
interaction	- взаимодействие
it is known far ad wide	- широко известно
to note	- заметить
to fall out into	- распадаться на
to be considered	- считаться
among other things	- среди прочих (целей), помимо всего прочего
it should be pointed out	- следует указать на
to be of social nature	- иметь социальную природу
to be closely connected with	- быть тесно связанным с
qualities	- качества
background	- подготовка
experience	- опыт