Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения  на русский язык. 

1. Revenue tariffs are aimed at protecting domestic production from foreign competition.

2. At present only temporary buildings are being used on both sides of the border while new facilities are under construction.

3. A distinction is made between commercial and industrial free zones.

4. Goods which are imported outright for use or consumption within the customs territory are declared for home use.

5. A man was jailed for 11 years for attempting to smuggle heroin $ 33 million worth. 

Упражнение 2. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple Active или Past Simple Passive.

 

Я проверил      -   Меня проверили                                    

Я спросил                                -   Меня спросили

Он помог                                  -   Ему помогли

Она сказала                              -   Ей сказали

Мы пригласили      -  Нас пригласили 

Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple. 

Мне рассказали  - Мне рассказывают   - Мне расскажут

Мне показали     - Мне показывают      -  Мне покажут

Нас спросили      - Нас спрашивают      - Нас спросят

Им дали               - Им дают                    - Им дадут

Его проверили    - Его проверяют         - Его проверят 

Упражнение 4. Передайте следующие предложения  в Passive Voice.

1. We will pay you in advance if you want.

2. We are delivering this equipment for the first time.

3. They showed him the shortest way.

4. After unloading we will store the cargo at the customs warehouse awaiting release from customs control.

5. Many people fill in customs declarations when leaving or entering the country.

6. Sophisticated equipment analyses certain imports to determine their appropriate classification.

7. They changed the figures in the invoice.

8. The government is spending too little money on reorganization of the Customs Service.

9. Most officers opposed this decision.

10. The law prohibits storage and sale of smuggled goods on the territory of the country.

Упражнение 5. Передайте следующие предложения  в Passive Voice, обращая внимание на употребление предлогов.

 

        Model: We often speak of her.  -   She is often spoken of.   

1. The group spoke to the Customs office chief yesterday.

2. Handlers look after their dogs with great care.

3. They looked for the invoice everywhere.

4. Everybody listened to the customs inspector with great attention.

5. They were waiting for the customs control in the arrival lounge.

6. They sent for the representative of the customs administration.

7. The senior students laughed at the freshman.

8. The passenger asked for the customs declaration form.

9. They often refer to this classification of merchandise.

10. This department deals with currency control.

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы  в Passive Voice.

 

1. What (to hide) inside the padded covers of an address book?

2. An interesting case (to investigate) by the Customs Investigation

Division   now.

3. Traditionally, Customs (to concern) with collecting revenue, exercising

control on imports and exports and catching smugglers.

4. The General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (to sign) in Geneva in

1947.

5. A Technical Committee on Customs Valuation (to establish) under the

auspices of Customs Cooperation Council.

6. The passenger’s luggage (to check) by the customs officer now.

7. The smuggler (to arrest) because 1 kg of cannabis (to discover).

8. The World Customs Organization (to establish) in 1952 as the Customs

Cooperation Council.

9. These dogs (to train) to work among passengers.

10. Most fruit and vegetables (to prohibit) from entering the country. 

Упражнение 7. Переведите текст на русский язык в письменной форме. 

      A man was jailed for four years for smuggling 192 gr of cocaine  21 000 pounds worth into the U.K. The cocaine was hidden inside the padded covers of an address book sent by courier mail from Jamaica. Officers at Heathrow airport found the drugs. The parcel was delivered to an address in Hackney where 38-year-old Briton Albert Vassel was arrested by investigation officers from South London and Thames. 

Упражнение 8. Переведите следующие предложения  на английский язык. 

1. Где обычно хранятся задержанные предметы?

2. Нам предложили пройти в зал досмотра.

3. Какие меры принимаются таможней в настоящее время в связи с выпуском товаров?

4. Для чего создаются зоны свободной торговли?

5. Какой новый метод работы с контейнерами был разработан в этом порту?

6. Когда был основан Международный институт статистики?

7. Завтра на встрече будут обсуждаться условия платежей.

8. Какие меры были приняты правительствами в ответ на постоянный рост злоупотребления наркотиками и их нелегальной торговли?

9. Сейчас в аэропорту Пулково строится новый терминал.

10. Ему не дали разрешение на вывоз этой картины.

Glossary

appraisement (n)	оценка
to assess (v)	определять сумму пошлины, налога
assessment (n)	оценка, начисление
bonded warehouse (n)	склад временного хранения (СВХ)
bond (n)	1)залог,закладная 2)облигация, бона
to break Customs rules syn.to infringe, to violate	нарушать таможенное законодательство
broker (n)	брокер
canine (adj)	кинологический
to classify (v)	классифицировать
classification (n)	классификация
commercial fraud	экономическое правонарушение
to conceal (v)	скрывать, утаивать, маскировать
concealment (n)	1)сокрытие                                           2)тайные места, убежище
damage (n)	повреждения, ущерб
to declare (v)	декларировать
declaration (n)	декларация
free trade zones	зоны свободной торговли, свободные экономические зоны
to grant (v)	давать, предоставлять
to grant a discount	предоставить скидку
inspection (n) syn.examination, control	проверка, досмотр
investigation (n)	расследование
to investigate (v)	расследовать
invoice (n)	счет-фактура
loss (n)	убыток, потеря, трата
merchandise (n); syn. goods, commodities	товар
modus operandi	образ действия
money laundering	отмывание денег
to obtain (v)	получать
to obtain a licence	получать лицензию
to prevent (v)	предотвращать,  предупреждать
prohibit (v)	запрещать
prohibited	запрещенный
rate of duty	ставка таможенной пошлины
relief (n)	освобождение от уплаты
relief from duty	освобождение от уплаты пошлины
to relieve (v)	освобождать от уплаты
responsibility (n)	1)ответственность 2) обязанность, обязательство
to be responsible to smb. for smth.	быть ответственным перед кем-либо за что-либо
revenue (n)	доход, годовой доход
to set up(v)  syn.to establish	учреждать, создавать
to smuggle (v)	провозить контрабандой
smuggling (n); syn. contraband	контрабанда
to speed up (v)	ускорить
storage charges                           syn.bond dues	расходы по хранению товара на складе
to be subject to; syn.to be liable to	подлежать
undervaluation (n)	занижение таможенной стоимости
violator (n)	нарушитель (закона, договора)
to violate (v)	нарушать (закон, договор)
violation (n)	нарушение (закона, договора)

UNIT 4

Лексическая тема: «Canine Enforcement».

Грамматическая тема: Система времен. Страдательный залог. Времена группы Perfect.

Text

CANINE ENFORCEMENT

(USE OF DRUG SCENTING DOGS BY CUSTOMS)

      Customs and other law enforcement agencies round the world use dogs for detection work.

      The traditional working dog for many enforcement agencies is the Alsatian or German shepherd dog. This has a very good reputation for drug detection. But as drug detector dogs are often on show in public areas (such as airport terminals) Customs Services prefer to choose the breeds (dogs) of which people are not frightened. For example, in the UK the Customs doesn’t use Alsatians. Nor do they use rottwellers as these dogs are considered aggressive. Mainly Retrievers, Labradors, Collies, Spaniels are used for drug detection work.

The basis for the training is the dog’s natural instinct to hunt and retrieve and its desire to please its handler. Initially the dogs are encouraged to retrieve various items (training aids) containing samples.

The motivation or «reward» is the chance to play as well as praise and affection from their handler. The handlers are trained with the dog thus making a team which remains together until one or the other leaves detection work.

    The handlers are trained to interpret the dog’s behaviour or indications when they are confronted with the presence of drugs. Each dog behaves differently and different signals or indications are given according to circumstances.

If the handler fails to interpret these signals or indications there will be little success. It is generally accepted that success with drug detector dogs is due to teamwork and handler interpretation.

      Dogs can be trained:

• to detect drugs (cannabis, cocaine, heroin, amphetamine and their derivates);

• to detect firearms, ammunition, and explosives;

• to work among passengers;

• to work in all types of customs environment except public areas.

To the dog, finding drugs is fun. This is reflected in the dog’s behaviour: it is highly active at work, and enjoys the handler’s reward or praise when it makes a find, but the dog is not allowed to feel that it is playing. To make a clear distinction between work and play, the working dog wears a special harness. When the handler puts the harness on the dog, the animal knows it is on duty.

Dogs can be used to search passengers, baggage, cargo,  private and commercial vehicles, vessels and aircraft.

Private cars. Normally the occupants will be out of their vehicle if the dog is to be used. The doors and windows will be closed. The dog is then taken around the outside of the car paying particular attention to the fuel tank, spare wheel and wheel arches; it is then used in the luggage boot before going inside the car.

Commercial vehicles. Three elements are checked here:

• the driver’s cab and his baggage (if any);

• the contents of the vehicle; and

• the vehicle itself.

Vessels. Drug detector dogs are often used during the search. Many places on board a vessel are difficult and noisy for the dog to work in but they are trained to for these conditions.

Search of baggage. Bags are usually screened in front of the passengers but sometimes it happens behind the scenes not to alert potential smugglers.

People. Dogs are not allowed to sniff people, оr even get too close to passengers. But this doesn’t mean that dogs cannot be used for drug concealments on the body. At airports and ferry ports passengers are asked to sit in a holding lounge in a line of chairs opposite their hand baggage. The dog then checks the bags. The passengers are then asked to stand and move to their bags, and sometimes the dog checks the seats they have just left.

No piece of equipment has yet been invented that can replace the dog. Some experimental models have been tried but found to be far inferior to the canine nose. A drug detector dog can search up to fifty parcels in fifteen or twenty minutes as the dog’s sense of smell is one million times better than the man’s.