UNIT 1

Лексическая тема: «They Worked for the Customs»

Грамматическая  тема: Система времен английского глагола. Действительный залог. Времена  группы Indefinite (Simple). Времена группы Continuous (Progressive). 

Text

They worked for the customs

Customs business has always been considered important and prestigious.

     A number of well-known people in Russia worked for the customs and contributed to its development.

      Russian tsar Alexei Mikhailovitch was the head of Russian state for more than 30 years (1645-1676). It was the time when the main state institutions were formed. He did a lot to develop customs laws. He initiated customs reforms by issuing the Decree “On levying customs duties on goods in Moscow and other cities”.

      On April 22 1667 he signed the New Trade Statute. It was based on the previous legislation and suggestions made by Russian merchants. It was the first attempt to arrange customs regimes.

   The well-known Russian poet G.Derzhavin in 1794-1803 combined his literary activities with his work as President of Commerce Board which was engaged in foreign trade and customs business.

      It was the time when Russia changed its free trade policy into protectionist one.

      G.Derzhavin was the one to work out the customs tariff of 1795 which was to come into force in 1797 but Paul I abolished it and it came into effect in 1800.

      Russian writer Radischev also worked for Commerce Board and was later appointed Head of St. Petersburg customs house.

      Dmitry Mendeleev (1834-1907) was a great Russian chemist, a talented scientist and a public figure. In 1891-1903 he was Head of the Commission in charge of customs tariffs. He was sure that protectionist tariff would serve the development of the country as it not only regulated export and import but also stimulated industrial production. He was one of the first to discover the laws ruling customs business.

British customs service can also boast of some people who worked for the customs.

Poet Pobert Burns (1759-1796) was an excise officer at Dumfries from 1789 until 1796. Excise officers visited local traders, calculated the amount of money due and issued vouchers stating the amount payable. It was hard work with daily rounds on foot or horseback. They worked full day or in shifts. Because of the high level of duty on spirits, control of whisky and gin production was very important.

The excise Collector made his rounds eight times a year collecting duty over a wide area. He usually set up office at an inn where tradesmen paid the duty. It was a dangerous job: collectors were often attacked and robbed.

Another literary figure Matthew Green was also both a poet and a customs officer. He never neglected his work and had a reputation as a hard-working customs officer.

                                      РАБОТА НАД ТЕКСТОМ 

 Упражнение 1. Прочтите текст, пользуясь словарем.

Они работали на благо таможни.

Таможенное дело всегда считалось важным и престижным.

    Некоторые известные люди в России работали на благо таможни и способствовали ее развитию.

      Русский царь Алексей Михайлович был главой Российского государства более 30 лет (1645-1676). В это время формировались главные государственные институты. Он внес большой вклад в развитие таможенных законов. Он положил начало таможенным реформам путем принятия декрета « О взимании таможенной пошлины в Москве и других городах».

     22 апреля 1667 года Алексей Михайлович подписал Новоторговый устав. Он был основан на предыдущем законодательстве и предложениях русских купцов. Такой была первая попытка установить таможенный режим.

Широко известный русский поэт Г. Державин в 1794-1803 совмещал литературную деятельность с работой в качестве президента Коммерц- коллегии, занимавшемся внешней торговлей и таможенным делом.

В это время Россия поменяла политику свободной торговли на протекционистскую.

Г. Державин был единственным, кто работал над таможенным тарифом 1795 года, вошедшим в силу с 1797, но отменным Павлом 1 в 1800.

      Русский писатель Радищев также работал для Коммерц- коллегии, а позже назначен главой таможни в Санкт – Петербурге.

Дмитрий Менделеев (1834-1907) был великим российский химиком, талантливым ученым и общественным деятелем. В 1891 – 1903 он являлся главой комиссии, ответственной за таможенные тарифы. Он был уверен, что протекционистский тариф способствует развитию страны, так как не только регулирует экспорт и импорт, но и стимулирует индустриальную продукцию. Он - первый, кто открыл законы, управляющие таможенным делом.

Британская таможенная служба может также похвастаться людьми, которые работали на благо таможни.

Поэт Роберт Бёрнс (1759-1796) был акцизным чиновником в Дамфрисе с 1789 до 1796. Акцизные чиновники навещали местных торговцев, считали количество денег и выписывали ваучеры, подлежащие уплате. Данная работа являлась очень тяжелой, с ежедневными обходами пешком или на лошади. Они работали полный день или посменно. Из-за высокой пошлины на алкогольные напитки, контроль над продукцией виски и джина был очень важным.

Акцизный чиновник совершал свои обходы 8 раз в год, собирая пошлины с обширных территорий. Обычно он открывал офис в гостинице, где торговцы платили налоги. Это работа была опасной: на чиновников часто нападали и грабили.

Другой литературный деятель Мэттью Грин также были и поэтом, и таможенным чиновником. Он никогда не пренебрегал своей работой и имел репутацию трудолюбивого акцизного чиновника.

 Упражнение 2.Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. When were the main Russian institutions formed?

The main Russian institutions were formed from 1645 to 1676.

2. What reform did Alexei Michailovitch Romanov initiate?

Alexei Michailovitch Romanov initiated customs reform.

3. What was the New Trade Statute based on?

The New Trade Statute was based on the previous legislation and suggestions made by Russian merchants.

4. Where did Derzhavin work in 1794-1803?

Derzhavin worked in Commerce Board in 1794-1803.

5. What was Commerce Board engaged in?

Commerce Board was engaged in foreign trade and customs business.

6. How did the policy of Russia change at that time?

Russia changed its free trade policy into protectionist one.

7. When did Customs tariff of 1795 come into effect?

Customs tariff of 1795 came into effect in 1800.

8. What was Dmitry Mendeleev?

Dmitry Mendeleev was a great Russian chemist, a talented scientist and a public figure.

9. What made Mendeleev think that protectionist tariff would serve the     development of the country?

Protectionist tariff not only regulated export and import but also stimulated industrial production.

10. What kind of work did Robert Burns do at the customs?

Robert Burns was an excise officer. He visited local traders, calculated the amount of money due and issued vouchers stating the amount payable.

11. Why did excise officers visit local traders?

Excise officers had to issue vouchers stating the amount payable.

12. Why was control of whisky and gin production very important?

Because of high level of duty on spirits, control of whisky and gin production was very important.

13. Where did excise collectors set up their offices?

Excise collectors set up their offices at inn.

14. Why was excise collectors’ job so dangerous?

Excise collectors were often attacked and grabbed.

Упражнение 3. Какие из следующих предложений соответствуют,/не соответствуют содержанию текста? Обоснуйте свой ответ.

1. Russian tsar Alexei Michailovitch was the head of Russian state for more than 25 years.

2. He initiated customs reforms.

3. On April 22 he signed the New Trade Decree.

4. It was the first attempt to arrange customs regimes.

5. Radischev was appointed President of Commerce Board.

6. It was the time when Russia changed its protectionist policy into free trade one.

7. Derzhavin worked out the new customs tariff of 1795.

8. Mendeleev was one of the first to discover the laws ruling customs business.

9. Robert Burns was an excise collector.

10. Excise collectors made their rounds ten times a year.

11. Excise collectors calculated the amount of money due. 

1. Russian tsar Alexei Michailovitch was the head of Russian state for more than 25 years.

True. Russian tsar Alexei Mikhailovitch was the head of Russian state for more than 30 years (1645-1676).

2. He initiated customs reforms.

True. He initiated customs reforms by issuing the Decree “On levying customs duties on goods in Moscow and other cities.

3. On April 22 he signed the New Trade Decree.

True. On April 22 1667 he signed the New Trade Statute

4. It was the first attempt to arrange customs regimes.

True. It was the fist attempt to arrange custom regimes.

5. Radischev was appointed President of Commerce Board.

False. The well-known Russian poet G.Derzhavin in 1794-1803 combined his literary activities with his work as President of Commerce Board which was engaged in foreign trade and customs business.

5. Derzhavin worked out the new customs tariff of 1795.

True. G.Derzhavin was the one to work out the customs tariff of 1795 which was to come into force in 1797 but Paul I abolished it and it came into effect in 1800.

5. Mendeleev was one of the first to discover the laws ruling customs business.

True. He was one of the first to discover the laws ruling customs business.

8. Robert Burns was an excise collector.

True. Poet Robert Burns (1759-1796) was an excise officer at Dumfries from 1789 until 1796. Excise officer and excise collector are synonyms.

9. Excise collectors made their rounds ten times a year.

False. The excise Collector made his rounds eight times a year collecting duty over a wide area

9. Excise collectors calculated the amount of money due. 

True. Excise officers visited local traders, calculated the amount of money due and issued vouchers stating the amount payable

Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте слова и словосочетания, которые употребляются после следующих глаголов. 

1. to initiate  h) to work out

2. to levy i) to develop

3. to regulate  j) to issue

4. to stimulate k) to sign                                        

5. to discover l) to arrange

6. to be engaged in  m) to combine

7. to change n) to contribute to

• to initiate by issuing the Decree

• to levy custom duties on goods

• to regulate  export and import

• to stimulate industrial production

• to discover the laws ruling custom business

• to be engaged in foreign trade and customs business

• to change its free trade policy into protectionist one

• to work out the customs tariff

• to develop customs laws

• to issue vouchers stating the amount payable/ to issue the Degree

• to sign the New Trade Statute

• to arrange customs regimes

• to combine his literary activities with his work as President of Commerce Board

• to contribute to its development

Упражнение 5.Найдите в тексте слова и словосочетания, которые означают следующее:

a) to be constructed       - to be formed                     

b) to start                       -         to initiate             

c) to collect by authority  -  to collect by well-known people  working for the customs             

d) to grow larger  - to develop                               

e) to choose for a post     - to appoint                    

f) payment on exported/ imported goods - custom duty

g) to find out    - to discover

h) the laws made- the laws developed

i) trader    - merchant

j) to deal with – engage in

k) tax on certain goods – duty on spirits

l) quantity – amount

m) document showing payment of money – vouchers

n) to place smth in position      - to set up                                

 Упражнение 6.Переведите на русский язык: 

1. …the development of customs laws…развитие таможенных законов

2. Heinitiatedcustomsreforms...он положил начало таможенным реформам

3. Onlevyingcustoms duties…о взымании таможенных пошлин

d.Itwasbasedonthepreviouslegislation…он был основан на предыдущем законодательстве

e.…theattempttoarrangecustomsregimes…попытка установить таможенный режим

f.…hecombinedhisliteraryactivitieswith…он совмещал литературную деятельность с

g.…freetradepolicy…политика свободной торговли

h.… protectionist policy…политика протекционизма

i.… it came into force…вступил в силу

j.…Paul I abolished it. Павел… 1 отменил это.

k.…issued vouchers stating the amount payable… Выписал ваучерыcуказанием суммы, подлежащей уплате.

l.…high level of duty on spirits. ..           Высокий налог на продукцию, содержащую алкоголь                                      

Упражнение 7.Подберите подходящее по смыслу окончание для каждого предложения.

1. He initiated customs reforms…	a) to discover the laws ruling customs  business.
2. It was the first attempt…	b) changed its free trade policy into pro- tectionist one.
3. He was sure that protectionist Tariff…	c) stimulated industrial production.
4. It was based on the previous     legislation and…	d) would serve the development of the country.
5. It was the time when Russia…	e) by issuing the Decree.
6.Protectionist tariff not only regulated export and import but…	f) suggestions made by merchants.
7. He was one of the first…	g) to arrange customs regimes
8. He never neglected his work …	h) and issued vouchers stating the amount payable.
9.Excise officers visited local traders	i) and had a reputation as a hard- working customs officer.

1. He initiated customs reforms by issuing the Decree. 

2. It was the first attempt to arrange customs regimes.

3. He was sure that protectionist Tariff would serve the development of the country.                                     

4. It was based on the previous     legislation and suggestions made by merchants.

5. It was the time when Russia changed its free trade policy into pro- tectionist one.

6. Protectionist tariff not only regulated export and import but stimulated industrial production.

7. He was one of the first to discover the laws ruling customs  business.

8. He never neglected his work and had a reputation as a hard- working customs officer.

9. Excise officers visited local traders and issued vouchers stating the amount payable.

                    

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
e	g	d	f	b	c	a	i	h

Упражнение 8 . Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский.

1. Кто разрабатывал этот таможенный тариф? Who worked out this custom tariff?

2. Эта комиссия занимается вопросами внешней торговли и таможенного дела. This board is engaged in foreign trade and customs business.

3. Когда его назначили начальником таможни? When was he appointed Head of customs house?

4. Он много сделал для развития таможенного законодательства. He did a lot to develop customs laws.

5. Протекционистский тариф стимулирует развитие промышленного производства. Protectionist tariff stimulates development of industrial production.

6. Новый торговый устав был первой попыткой  установить таможенные режимы. The New Trade Statue was the first attempt to arrange customs regimes.

7. Он начал таможенные реформы с того, что издал указ «О взимании таможенной пошлины с товаров в Москве и городах…». He initiated customs reforms by issuing the Decree “On levying customs duties on goods in Moscow and other cities”.

8. Он никогда не пренебрегал своими обязанностями. He never neglected his work.

9. Он работает посменно, не так ли? He works in shifts, doesn’t he?

10. Павел Iотменил протекционистский тариф 1795 года.Paul I abolished a protectionist tariff.

11. Акцизный чиновник выписывал квитанции с указанием суммы, подлежащей оплате. An excise officer issued vouchers stating the amount payable.

                       ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 

Упражнение 1.Вставьте предлоги.

1. G.Derzhavin was the one to work …out the New Customs Tariff …of 1795.

2. The tariff came …into force … in1800.

3. Commerce Board was engaged in… foreign trade and customs business.

4. The New Trade Statute was based …on the previous legislation and suggestions made … merchants.

5. Mendeleev was Head of… the Commission …in charge …of customs tariffs.

6. A number …of well-known people …in Russia worked …for the customs  and  contributed …to its development.

7. It was the time when Russia changed its free trade policy …into protectionist one.

8. Some customs officers worked …in shifts.

9. Control …of whisky and gin production was very important …because of … the high level …of duty …on spirits.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте артикли там, где это необходимо.

1. It was …the  time, when …the main state institutions were formed.

2. It was …the first attempt to arrange … customs regimes.

3. … Russian tsar Alexei Michailovitch was …the head of Russian state.

4. In 1891-1903 Mendeleev was … Head of …the Commission in charge of … customs tariffs.

5. Matthew Green was also both …a poet and …a customs officer.

Упражнение 3. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple. 

1. What are the main responsibilities of customs service?

2. There will be a lot of ports of entry in this country in a year.

3. Mendeleev was one of the first to discover the laws ruling customs business.

4. Effective passenger and baggage control is necessary to collect proper duties.

5. Russian tsar Alexei Mikhailovitch was the head of Russian state for more than 30 years.

6. Money concealed from customs control is confiscated.

7. The New Trade Statute of 1667 was the first attempt to arrange customs regimes.

8. He will be in charge of this work next year.

9. What wasDerzhavin?

10. This department is engaged in foreign trade and customs business.

Упражнение 4.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы  в Present Simple.

1 .When the passenger leaves the country he must fill in the exit

declaration.

2. The customs control protects the Russian market.

3. This company imports goods into our country.

4. A large amount of cargo crosses the border on train.

5. I don’t believe she has undeclared currency in her pockets.

6. She wants to take a picture out of the country.

7. The passenger goes through passport and visa control.

8. The customs officer examines passengers’ baggage.

9. When the passenger enters the country he must declare dutiable items.

10. This country needs an effective customs service.

Упражнение 5. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму. 

1. The seminar will take place in Geneva in May. Will the seminar take place in Geneva in May? The seminar will not take place in Geneva in May.

2. The customs officer helps passengers to fill in customs declaration forms. Does the customs officer help passengers to fill in customs declaration forms? The customs officer doesn’t help passengers to fill in customs declaration forms

3. I went to the Customs office yesterday. Did I go to the Customs office yesterday? I did not go to the Customs office yesterday.

4. I am going through the customs now. Am I going through the customs now? I am not going through the customs now.

5. She exported a very expensive ring. Did she export a very expensive ring? She did not export a very expensive ring.

6. He will be examining the cargo at 9 o’clock tomorrow. Will he be examining the cargo at 9 o’clock tomorrow? He will not be examining the cargo at 9 o’clock tomorrow.

7. Import duties became a fact of life. Did import duties become a fact of life? Import duties did not become a fact of life.

8. Many countries prohibit the export of raw materials. Do many countries prohibit the export of raw materials? Many countries don’t prohibit the export of raw materials.

9. This man was trying to bring drugs into the country when he was stopped by a customs officer. Was this man trying to bring drugs into the country when he was stopped by a customs officer? This man was not trying to bring drugs into the country when he was stopped by a customs officer.

10. Such protectionism went on for most of the next 300 years. Did such protectionism go on for most of the next 300 years? Such protectionism did not go on for most of the next 300 years.

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы  в Present Simple  или Present Progressive. 

1. They are going through the customs control at the moment.

2. Our chief hates it when we are late.

3. I don’t believe your argument.

4. Today dramatic changes in the world trade environment are taking place.

5. The customs officer is checking the luggage now.

6. I am listening to the customs officer attentively but I don’t hear anything.

7. We examine freight containers every day.

8. Now they are working new customs tariffs.

9. The inspector wants to invite an expert right now.

10. Look! The passenger is hiding something in his pockets 

Упражнение 7. Раскройте  скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Progressive. 

1. When Mendeleev worked out the customs tariff, he came to the conclusion that it could serve the development of the country.

2. She was going through the customs when she saw her friend.

3. The customs officer detained a passenger who was carrying a prohibited article.

4. He was trying to find out the customs regulations on tobacco products when I phoned him.

5. The customs tariff came into force in 1800.

6. I was examining this container at 2 o’clock yesterday.

7. I was having a meeting with Head of Domodedovo customs when you came to the office.

8. My declaration was lying on the table but I didn’t notice it.

9. I was filling in a customs declaration form when I remembered about it.

10. I was working at the document from 2 till 6 last Monday.

Упражнение 8. Раскройте  скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple или Future Progressive. 

1. Next week our department will celebrate its anniversary. Many foreign guests will come for the celebration.

2. They will be checking the documents from 5 till 6 tomorrow.

3. The inspector will stand aside while his assistant will be clearing the cargo.

4. Tomorrow at this time I will be flying to Paris.

5. The Customs Office chief will sign the document in 20 minutes.

6. Don’t plan anything for tomorrow morning. We will be having a meeting with the representatives of British Customs.

7. He will meet you in the arrival hall. You will recognize him because he will be wearing a badge.

8. They set up a new department which will be engaged in foreign trade.

9. The Government will initiate economic reforms next year.

10. The laboratory will be carrying the analysis the whole day on Monday.                              

Упражнение 9. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы вFutureSimpleилиPresentSimple.(Обратите внимание на перевод придаточных предложений времени и условия на английский язык!).

1. If it rains, we will not examine containers.

2. If I have time, I will check the baggage.

3. When a customs officer finds any prohibited articles, he will confiscate them.

4. The director will sign the document as soon as the secretary brings it.

5. If you have nothing to declare, you will go through the Green Channel.

6. Before you fly to America, you will find out the customs regulations on  pets.

7. We will not discuss the statute until you come.

8. When you go through the customs, don’t forget to declare your currency.

9. After you collect your baggage, you will go through the customs.

10. If they work out a new tariff, it will stimulate industrial production .

Упражнение  10. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Когда таможенники  проверяли контейнеры, они обнаружили контрабанду. When customs inspectors were checking containers, they found contraband.

2. Начальник проводит сейчас совещание. Он обычно проводит совещание по понедельникам. The customs chief is having a meeting now. He usually has a meeting on Mondays.

3. Мы проверим пассажиров сразу, как только они прибудут. We will check the passengers as soon as they arrive.

4. Инспекторы закончили работу 2 часа назад. The inspectors finished their work 2 hours ago.

5. Каждой стране нужна эффективная таможенная служба. Every country needs effective customs service.

6. Завтра в 3 часа мы будем проверять этот контейнер, если все документы будут готовы. We will be checking this container at 3 o`clock tomorrow if all documents are ready.

7. Когда я подписывал документ, я обнаружил ошибку. When I was signing a document, I found a mistake.

8. Инспектор хочет взглянуть на вашу декларацию еще раз. The inspector wants to look at your declaration one more time.

9. Если вы меня попросите, я помогу вам заполнить декларацию. If you ask me, I will help you to fill in a declaration.

10. Досмотр начнется завтра в 12. До этого времени они будут изучать документы. The examination will begin at 12 o`clock tomorrow. Before this time they will be examining documents.

Glossary

to appoint (v)	назначать
to be in charge of ; syn. to be responsible for	отвечать за что-либо
to collect (v)	собирать
customs business	таможенное дело
customs house	таможня
customs regime	таможенный режим
customs service	таможенная служба
customs tariff	таможенный тариф
duty (n)	пошлина
сustoms duty	таможенная пошлина
an excise (n)	акциз
аn excise officer; syn. excise collector	акцизный чиновник
foreign trade	внешняя торговля
free trade	свободная торговля
goods (pl)	товары
in shifts	посменно
issue (v)	выписывать, выдавать, издавать
legislation (n)	законодательство
to levy (v)	облагать, взимать
spirits (pl) (n)	алкогольные напитки
a statute (n)   syn. law, act	закон
to protect (v)	защищать
protection (n)	защита
protectionist (adj)	протекционистский
to regulate (v)	регулировать
to regulate export and import	регулировать экспорт и импорт   UNIT 2   Лексическая тема: «Russian Customs»

Грамматическая  тема: Система времен английского  глагола. Действительный залог. Времена  группы Perfect. Времена группы Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressive).

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