Работа над текстом

Упражнение 1. Озаглавьте каждый из разделов текста следующими понятиями:

• History

• Application

• Techniques

• Subject

• Objective

Упражнение 2. Найдите в словаре значение следующих слов:

Crimes and criminals

1) an arsonist 2) a shop-lifter 3) a mugger 4) an offender 5) a vandal 6) a burglar 7) a murderer 8) a kidnapper 9) a pickpocket 10) an accomplice 11) a drug dealer 12) a spy 13) a terrorist

14) an assassin 15) hooligan 16) a stowaway 17) a thief 18) a hijacker 19) a forger 20) a robber 21) a smuggler 22) a traitor 23) a gangster 24) a deserter 25) a bigamist 26) a drug smuggler

Crime	Criminal	Criminal Act
treason	traitor	to betray
theft	thief	to steal
murder	murderer	to murder
robbery	robber	to rob
burglary	burglar	to burgle/ to break into
shoplifting	shoplifter	to shoplift
kidnapping	kidnapper	to kidnap
rape	rapist	to rape
arson	arsonist	to set fire to

* The difference between the verbs: steal and rob. The object of the verb “steal” is the thing which is taken away, e.g. to steal a bike, whereas the object of the verb “rob” is the person or place from which things are stolen, e.g. He was robbed last night. “Steal” is irregular: steal, stole, stolen.

Упражнение 3. Что употреблять в предложениях? To steal or to rob? Which verb would you use in the following sentences?

1. The gangsters planned to ____________ a bank.

2. There’s a risk that rival companies will ____________ our ideas.

3. I know who ___________ my match.

4. Last night a gang of masked men _________ a shop. They _____ $2000.

Упражнение 4. Опишите четыре вида преступлений, не называя их. После составления коротких рассказов, дайте наименование каждому виду преступлений.

Name the crimes:

1. ____________________

2. ____________________

3. ____________________

4. ____________________

Упражнение 5. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово, чтобы дополнить предложение.

1. Most schools in my country no longer have _______________ punishment.

a) physical b) capital

c) bodily d) corporal

2. The policemen following the robbers were in ______________ clothes.

a) plain b) ordinary

c) normal d) simple

3. The two old ladies were ___________ of their purses.

a) stolen b) attacked

c) robbed d) snatched

4. At the end of the story, the hero manages to arrest the _______________.

a) offenders b) villains

c) wrongs d) evils

5. I had to answer question A because it was _________________.

a) compulsory b) necessary

c) a must d) an obligation

6. Nick could not ____________ having been at the scene of the crime.

a) refuse b) object

c) deny d) alter

7. As there was no evidence, the judge dismissed the _______________.

a) trial b) witness

c) court d) case

8. If your dog damages your neighbor’s property, you could be ___________.

a) guilty b) liable

c) payable d) illegal

9. After ten years in prison, Steve was ______________ and set free.

a) pardoned b) released

c) innocent d) forgiven

10. The detective inspector told the young ______________ to make some tea.

a) officer b) official

c) guardian d) police

Упражнение 6. Образуйте подходящую по смыслу часть речи из слов, расположенных в правой колонке. Дополните предложения.

At his last trial nobody believed in

Nigel’s (1) ______. He had been accused of INNOCENT

the (2) ______ of a valuable Chinese vase, and THIEF

was also charged with ten other (3) _________. OFFEND

The value of the (4) _____ goods was said to STEAL

be over 10 000$. Nigel said in his own (5)

_______ that the vase had been put into his DEFEND

car (6) ______. He also pointed out that the ACCIDENT

Chinese vase was a fake, and was almost (7)

________. The judge did not believe Nigel’s WORTH

story. He told Nigel he was a hardened (8)

________ and that he deserved a severe (9) CRIME

________. Then the judge sentenced Nigel to PUNISH

five years (10) ______. Nigel just smiled. He PRISON

had spent most of his life in prison and so

he was used to it.

Упражнение 7. Дополните каждое предложение словом из списка, данного ниже: accused, evidence, guilty, lawyer, statement, charged, fine, jury, sentence, suspect.

1. The customs officers arrested Rob and _________ him with smuggling. 2. The police spent all morning searching the house for _______. 3. Helen left her car in a no parking area and had to pay a/an ________. 4. Unfortunately at the end of the trial my brother was found ________. 5. The trial took a long time as the _______ couldn’t reach a verdict. 6. Frank won his case because he had a very good defense _______. 7. The police visited Sue and asked her to make a/an _______. 8. Because of his past criminal record, James was the main __________.

9. Kate decided to sue the police because he had been wrongly ________. 10. The murderer of the children received a life ___________.

Упражнение 8. Подберите подходящее по смыслу окончание для каждого предложения.

1. I decided to buy a burglar alarm after someone broke ….

2. When Jim was stopped outside the supermarket he ended ….

3. As it was Diana’s first offence she was let ….

4. After climbing the prison wall, Keith managed to get ….

5. The old couple who live opposite were taken ….

6. At the end of the trial Tina was found ….

7. My neighbors admitted denting my car but got away ….

8. The bank at the end of the street was held ….

9. Nobody saw Harry cheating and he got away with ….

10. The hijackers took eleven people….

1. ……. in by a salesman who cheated them out of their money.

2. ……. away by stealing a car parked nearby.

3. ……. up at the police station, charged with shoplifting.

4. ……. it, although everyone suspected what had happened.

5. ……. into my house and stole my stereo.

6. ……. off with only a warning.

7. ……. with paying only 120$ damages.

8. ……. hostage and demanded 1,000,000 from the authorities.

9. ……. guilty and sentenced to six months in prison.

11. …… up by two masked men last week.

Упражнение 9. Найдите соответствия между списком слов, данным ниже и описанием противоправных действий.

blackmailer, forger, hooligan, murderer, shoplifter, vandal, burglar, hijacker, kidnapper, pickpocket, smuggler, witness.

1. This person takes control of a plane or boat by force. 2. This person sees what happens during a crime or accident. 3. This person brings goods into the country illegally. 4. This person might steal food from a supermarket. 5. this person kills someone on purpose. 6. This person takes people and demands money for their return. 7. This person makes illegal copies of paintings, documents, etc. 8. This person damages other people’s property. 9. This person might steal your wallet in a crowd. 10. This person steals from houses. 11. This person gets money from others by threatening to tell secrets. 12. This person causes trouble at football matches.

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильный вариант.

Начало формы

1. It is necessary that the money….. (to be found, find, to find, be found) immediately.

2. It is high time for you…… (tell, to tell, told, be told) us the truth.

3. It is time we…… (came come, to come) to an agreement on this problem.

4. It isn't advisable that you….. (worked, to work, should work) with that man.

5. It is rather surprising that the tickets….. (are, be, to be) so cheap.

6. It is very important that the letter …… (deliver, delivered, be delivered, to be delivered) tomorrow.

7. It is odd that we …. (should gather, to be gathered, to gather) after so many years.

8. Is it possible that we …… (met, meet, to meet)that man again?

9. It was desirable that we …. (to put on, should put on) warm clothes.

10. It is unbelievable that he …… (be, to be) so lazy.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный вариант.

Начало формы

1. After the party Ben suggested ….. (us to go, that we should go)for a walk.

2. The men in black insisted that we ….. (to go, should go) with them.

3. The general ordered his soldiers ….. (should clear, clear, to clear) the street.

4. He demanded that he ….. (to be given, be given) a lawyer.

5. Visitors are requested ….. (shouldn’t walk, walk, not to walk) on the grass.

6. Everything was arranged that we ….. (should feel, felt, to feel) at home.

7. My advocate advised that I ….. (kept, keep, to keep) silent.

8. He recommended that we ….. (to find, should to find, should find) a good doctor.

9. I proposed that we ….. (took, take, to take) a trip in the mountains.

10. The authorities demanded that the case ….. (should be, to be, was) investigated as soon as possible.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильный вариант.

Начало формы

1. It is a pity that he ….. (should misunderstand, should have misunderstood) us. We didn’t mean to insult him.

2. Who ….. (should have thought, should thought, should think) that he was going to rob a bank?!

3. It is unbelievable that he ….. (should be speaking, should be saying, should be telling) lies after all this!

4. I was surprised that he ….. (should come, should have come) to me and asked for help.

5. It was possible that the child ….. (should catch, should have caught) cold. He was sneezing and coughing all the time.

6. Why ….. (should he say, should have said, should he have said) he such stupid things?

7. It is strange the police ….. (should come, should have come, to come) so early.

8. It is impossible that they ….. (should have finished, should finish) the work already.

9. I regret that you ….. (should have rewritten, should rewrite) the test. But you have made so many mistakes.

10. It was unbelievable that the maniac ….. (should have confessed, should confess).

Упражнение 4. Выберите правильный вариант.

Начало формы

1. The child feared ….. (so it might rain, lest it should rain, should it rain) .

2. He was afraid lest ….. (he should never see, he should have never seen) her again.

3. The man gave the child some money ….. (lest he should buy, so that he could buy) some food.

4. We were afraid that ….. (he should, lest he might, he might) get into trouble.

5. If I … get that job I … get married. (should … would, would…should)

6. The old man warned the tourists ….. (lest they should, so that they could) get trapped in the cave.

7. The man took medicine every 2 hours ….. (lest he should, so that he could) bring down the temperature.

8. It is 10 o'clock already. I fear lest they ….. (should stick, should have stuck) in a traffic jam.

9. I am afraid lest my mother ….. (should discover, should have discovered) how I spent my holiday.

10.  I turned off the light ….. (so that the gas might, lest the gas should) blow up.

Упражнение 5. Перефразируйте предложения, используя структуру it's time........:

Model: You ought to clean that flat. – It’s time you cleaned that flat.

1. She should get her hair cut. 2. We ought to have a holiday. 3. You need to cut the grass. 4.  You ought to wash that sweater. 5. You ought to stop smoking. 6. He ought to grow up. 7. We ought to paint the kitchen. 8. He needs a new car. 9. This team hasn’t won a match for ages.

Glossary

crime to occur segments of a society а wide range of offences to commit street crimes general public to view crime major social problem сriminology scientific approach study of the nature an extent cause criminal behaviour to use scientific method hypotheses to gather data to create theories to test validity to integrate knowledge Criminal Justice Contemporary Criminological Theories Choice Theory Social Conflict Theory Social Structural Theory Social Process Theory the term to coin to explain punishment exactly to go on criminal's mind law enforcement agencies on the local level helpful an investigation areas of interest the development of criminal law the cause of law violations the extent of crime an arsonist a shop-lifter a mugger an offender a vandal a burglar a murderer a kidnapper a pickpocket an accomplice a drug dealer a spy a terrorist an assassin a hooligan a stowaway a thief a hijacker a forger a robber a smuggler a traitor a gangster a deserter a bigamist a drug smuggler

преступление случатся, иметь место слои общества широкий спектр преступлений совершать уличные правонарушения общество рассматривать преступления большая социальная проблема криминология научный подход исследование природы расширение причина преступное поведение использовать научный метод гипотеза собирать данные создавать теории проверять на истинность интегрировать знания уголовное судопроизводство современные криминологические теории теория выбора теория социального конфликта теория социальных структур теория социальных процессов термин ввести в оборот объяснять наказание точно продолжаться сознание преступника силовые структуры, правоохранительные органы на местном уровне полезный расследование области интересов развитие уголовного права причины нарушений закона распространение преступности поджигатель вор в магазинах грабитель преступник вандал грабитель убийца похититель карманник сообщник торговец наркотиками шпион террорист убийца хулиган безбилетник вор налетчик изготовитель поддельной продукции грабитель контрабандист предатель гангстер дезертир двоеженец контрабандист наркотиков

UNIT 10.

Лексическая тема: «Crimes. Types of crimes»

Грамматическая тема: Способы выражения нереальности в английском языке. Употребление форм сослагательного наклонения в придаточных предложениях условия, в дополнительных придаточных предложениях (конструкция I wish).

Text A

THE SUBJECT OF CRIME

I. If a person does something illegal, then he commits a crime. E.g. At some time in their lives people are driving above the speed limit, or are parking illegally, which are not serious crimes but minor offences. Theft, robbery, burglary, shoplifting, murder, rape etc. are serious offences and if a person is convicted of such crimes punishment will be very serious (e.g. many years in prison etc.).

II. When someone commits a crime the police must investigate it. When they find the person responsible for the crime, they arrest and question him. If the police are sure the person has committed the crime, the person is charged with the crime. The person must then go to court for trial. The defendant (accused) must try to prove that he is innocent (not guilty).

III. In order to inflict penalty on a man or a woman for the committed crime, he or she must reach the age stated by the law, at which the criminal responsibility for a concrete action sets in. For, if something is not prohibited by the law, it is allowed. Racial, sexual, educational, religious and other differences are not brought out by the law in order to inflict penalty.

The only exception is an official who must be punished for disciplinary offence as an official. Criminal responsibility in this country sets in form the age of 14 by law. Consequently, criminal responsibility sets in not only for adults (persons having come of age), but also for persons under age (13-18 y.o.) and for crimes committed by minors in civil order usually persons under whose guardianship they are, take the responsibility.

Not depending on the age, a person must be responsible in order to be inflicted the penalty on, because an irresponsible person cannot be responsible for his actions. To sum up, a person can be punished, if he or she has been responsible and has reached the age stated by the law in the moment of committing the crime.