Apimondia 2015 Abstract book (South Korea)

PBO-043

Honey and nectar plants of Turkey

Nazim Sekeroglu

Kilis Aralik University, Turkey

Having huge plant diversity Turkey has a number of honey and nectar plants in its flora. Most of these plants are important nectar and pollen plants for honey and other bee products production. Nectar and pollen potentials of plants both wild grown and cultivated plants have been investigated and some reports released in Turkey, recently. In these reports nectar plants, pollen plants and nectar-pollen plants of Turkey were determined by different scientific techniques. According to these reports important nectar pollen and nectar-pollen plants could mainly be groupped. Both nectar and pollen plants are Castanea sativa, Duacus carota L., Diospyros kaki L., Diospyros lotus L., Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L. ) DC., Erica arborea L., Erica manipuliflora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Hedera helix L., Hedysarum varium, Onobrychis caput-galli (L.) LAM., Onobrychis tournefortii, Onobrychis argyrea BOISS. subsp. argyrea BOISS., Onobrychis viciifolia, Rubus canescens DC., Rubus idaeus L., Salix sp., Salvia sp., Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium campestre (OGM, 2015). Besides mentioned wild plant species growing in Turkey, cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants have supported honey/pollen production. Plant-named honey production such as Lavender Honey, Chestnut Honey, Black cumin Honey, Linden tree Honey, Pine tree, Thyme / Oregano Honey have gradually increased in Turkey. Moreover, honey forests have been established in different parts of Turkey by Forest and Water Affairs Ministry and more than 200 Honey Forests were established throughout Turkey. Related to interest in Api-therapy, it is expected that medicinal and aromatic plants in wild and cultivation would be important honey and nectar plants in Turkey and around the world.

PBO-049

Classification according to flower morphological characteristics of genus Actinidia selected from Korea

Youngki Park, Chul-Woo Kim, Sea Hyun Kim, Mahn-Jo Kim

Division of Special-purpose Trees, Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea

In this study, we examined 9 flower morphological characteristics 8 clones of genus Actinidia to investigate the taxonomic relationships. We analyzed the flower morphological characteristics of 5 hardy kiwifruit (A. arguta) clones and 3 hybrid kiwifruit clones to investigate the species classification and the potential for using honey plants. Actinidia arguta, called hardy kiwifruit, has an edible smooth skin and contains high amounts of sugar and ascorbic acid. As result of principal component (PC) analysis using 9 variables from 8 clones, eigenvalue of the first principal component was 4.430 and the first two PCs was accountable for 78.30% of the total variance. The first PC was correlated with those characteristics that were mainly related to the length of inflorescence, width of inflorescence and length of peduncle. From the cluster analysis using unweighted pair group method using arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method, we can assumed that these 8 clones could be clustered into two groups. Group I comprises 7 clones included with male and female A. aruguta and hybrid kiwifruit (A. arguta × A. deliciosa). The other one, Group II consists of 1 clone, hybrid kiwi (A. deliciosa × A. arguta).

240

PBO-038

Honeybee visiting and secreted nectar characteristics of Tilia insularis nakai and relation with meteorologic traits

Su Gwang Lee, Sea Hyun Kim, Moon Sup Kim, Hyeusoo Kim, Jeong Ho Song

Division of Special Purpose Trees, Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea

Korea Linden is the only native of Ulleung Island of South Korea. It can be found in streets or parks owing to the beautiful crown shape and sweet smell of flowers. This study was conducted to provide a basic data such as honeybee visiting and secreted nectar for possibility of development as honey plant, T. insularis. The surveyed tree's flowers bloom and secrete nectar during 7 days in 2012. One of the flowers secretes and absorbs nectar, which lasted for 2 days. Apis mellifera and Bombus ignitus visited flowers in priority, number of visited pollinator per flowering lateral bunch can be assumed 160 honeybees and 46 carpenter bees for a day. Honeybee visiting was concentrated at around 3 pm. On average, volume of total and dry nectar secreted by nectary were 12.0 and 1.0 from one flower, respectively. As results of correlation analysis between the meteorological traits and surveyed data, we found that honeybee's activity was influenced by air temperature and relative humidity. Volume of total nectar was influenced by mostly meteorological traits and volume of dry nectar was less influenced by air temperature and relative humidity, respectively. To select honey plant or individual tree, volume of dry nectar must be major judgement factor on breeding because of it was less influenced by meteorological traits than volume of total nectar. Finally, the surveyed T. insularis is considered as possible honey plant because of its nectar volume and honeybee visiting.

Symposium: Pollination V

PBO-030

Enhancing strawberry productivity through bee pollination

Grace Asiko, Jane Oketch, Jared Mochorwa, Patricia Nzano, Dinah Momanyi, Teresa Okecha, Blaise Okinyi, Christine Koech, Ruth Yego, David Palla

National Beekeeping Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

Bees play a vital role in strawberry pollination, for fruit quality and increased productivity. Greenhouse experiments conducted at the National Beekeeping Institute, in collaboration with EUAU Sponsored ICIPE Bee health Project, using honeybee pollinators, revealed an increase in super quality fruits (over 80% total). Harvested industry fruits were absent in the open field plants, outside the greenhouse, with multi-pollinators, but greatly reduced in the harvested fruits, inside the greenhouse (4.3% total), with the honeybee as the sole pollinator. Results indicated 80.3 percent total increase, with honeybee pollination.

241

PBO-032

Beekeeping and bee pollination services in pesticide application context: case study in Benin, West Africa

Bruno Agossou Djossa1, DésiréMadohonan2, Hermann Cyr Toni2, Cyriaque Tokouè1,

Brice Augustin Sinsin2

1 University of Agriculture, Kétou, Benin

2 Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Benin

Beekeeping helps conserving honey bees which are major pollinators both for wild and cultivated plants to support humans’ food security. Crops production in general and cotton cultivation in particular nowadays necessitate the use of pesticides. The present study measured in Dogo village territories (Kétou district), the honey production in experimental beehives, food resources availability at each site, pesticide traces search in honey and bee tissue samples as well as dead bee number monitoring. 10 experimental beehives (9 colonized) were installed in agrosystem, 10 in the buffer zone of the Dogo forest (8 colonized) and 10 in the core zone of the forest (8 colonized) far from cropping activities. Colonized beehives were monthly weighted during 20 consecutive months to monitor honey production year round. The phenology of the plants on which honeybees forage were monitored monthly and the dead bees were trapped per site to explain possible fluctuation of beehive weight progress. At the same time honey and bee tissue samples were collected during and after the pesticide application periods for pesticide traces search in laboratory also to link findings with dead bee number or honey production patterns. Results revealed the contamination of samples from all sites. The dead bee number overall increases during the pesticide application periods whereas the beehive weight didn’t show such clear pattern. The food availability seems to influence most the beehives’ weight. We concluded of general contamination of bees and honey but at this stage the beekeeping and the bee pollination service seems not yet altered.

PBO-033

Arbutus pavarii Shrub a nectar and pollen source for Apis mellifera in EL-Jabal EL-Akhdar region in Libya

Alhashmi Agleyo

Misrata University, Libya

EL-Jabal EL-Akhdar (Green mountain) locates in Northern East of Libya with a Mediterranean climate and it is rich of many kinds of plants, but it considered to be the only area in Libya where Arbutus pavarii shrub grows which is the source of producing a bittern hony.This plant is evergreen shrub and its flowers are drooping bells blossoms in the most cold winter months. The honey of this plant is very rare and expensive. This plant is not only a good source of nectar and pollen grains for honeybee Apis mellifera but also has many different uses for the locals

242

PBO-034

Influence of elevation on honeybees Apis mellifera syriaca (Hymenoptera: Apidae) flight activities and its impact on fruit set and quality of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, Cucurbitaceae)

Shahera Zaitoun1, ABD Al-Majeed AL-Ghzawi2

1 AlBalqa Applied University, Jordan

2 Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan

A field experiment was conducted to monitor the flight activities of the worker bees and their impact on pollination of watermelon Citrullus lanatus as affected by the growing area elevations. The experiment composed of three treatments, the control (covered plants); in which the plants were caged before flowering to prevent any contact with insect pollinators, the second treatment the plants were left opened to permit contact with honeybees (uncovere d plants) and the third treatment the plants were supplementary pollinated with pollen from other plant (hand pollination). The results of this experiment showed that the viability of female flower stigmas lasted mostly to the early hours of the day at 11:00 am for flowers produced in Madaba (780 m above sea level), and lasted to the afternoon of the day at 14:00 pm for flowers produced in Wadi Araba, Al Safi village (350 m below sea level). In general fruit set, seed set, fruit weight, fruit circumference, and fruit sugar content were significantly higher in uncovered than covered plants and there is no significant differences between uncovered and supplementary pollinated plants. Furthermore, fruit set, seed set, fruit weight, fruit circumference, and fruit total soluble solids percentage was significantly higher in plant grown above sea level than below sea level. Honey bees play an important role in the production of high quality and quantity of watermelon fruits for plants grown above or below sea level.

PBO-001

Important bee forage plants of African honey bee Apis mellifera Sculleta. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Southern Rangelands of Kenya

Richard Kimitei1, Bernard Korir 1, Peter Kaguthi2, Paul Katiku1

1 Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Kenya

2 Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Kenya

The study was conducted in Makueni County, southern rangelands of Kenya during 2011/2013. The objective of the study was to identify and document the existing forage plants for African honeybee Apis mellifera Scutellata and also develop bee floral calendar of the study site. Based on the interview of the beekeepers and visual observations, a total of 56 vascular plant taxa belonging to 15 families which are important bee forage plant species were recorded, out of which 39 species were found to be major sources of nectar and pollen for honeybees. Long rain season (Apri l to June) and short rain season (Novembe r to December) were identified as honey flow periods having a number of floral plants such as Acacia mellifera, acacia tortilis, Albizia anthelmintica, Terminalia brownii and Combretum spp. Dry season (June to October) is the critical dearth period with a few flowering plants like Commiphora spp, Agave sisalana, and Papaya carica. Depending upon the climatic conditions, possibility

243

of planting multipurpose plants has been discussed. Based on available flora, major characteristics of these plant species, utility status and flowering duration a bee floral calendar was developed for the study site. To conserve these floras, consideration must be made to preserve and multiply the existing flora.

PBO-016

Literature Review for Complied List of Nectar, Pollen and Propolis Sources for Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

Throughout the World

Megan Wannarka

Peace Corps, Grenada

RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY: A review of various research papers, manuals, beekeeping books, and journals to acquire a full list of nectar sources through-out the world. Dr. Crane’s work important world honey sources and their geographical distribution. In Bees and Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Resources is very valuable but with more citizen scientists and new publications, more and more work is slowly being done in this area and is important to capture, share and use to create more pollinator habitat and to inform public and private partners. METHODOLOGY: Literature review and research documenting nectar, pollen, and propolis sources from world sources (i.e. Eva Crane) to location specific plants, trees and shrubs. If given bloom calendar information was provided also documented. RESULTS: Many publications have been found, researched and of those 22 of have been used and sited to comprise a list of 940 plants that are sources for nectar, pollen, propolis and honey dew. Some geographical and bloom calendar information has also been captured along with some local plant names. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing research into this topic of plant sources of honey, pollen, propolis, and honey dew for bees is important to educate public, farmers, and government in conserve, create and increase honey bee habitat. Through identification, seeds can be saved, cuttings taken and education on how to best propagate for location specific uses. Local common names and bloom calendar will vary based on region, usage and language needs to be taken into consideration.

Symposium: Pollination VI

PBO-040

The Pollination industry in Africa, challenges and options for enhancement

Jacqueline Gowe

Sweet Maungwe Honey P/L, Zimbabwe

Crop pollination is vital for sustenance of food security on the African continent. The state of the beekeeping industry is proof enough that very few African countries realize the importance of pollination in increasing crop yields and food production there off. A Zimbabwean farmer with 300 hives generates more income from hiring out hives for pollination of runner beans, granadillas, strawberries, peaches and onions than from selling the honey produced by these bees. A decline in honeybee colonies in North America and Europe has been shown to be

244

directly correlated with a decrease in almond production. Honey bees are the pivotal pollinator species in Africa. 40 - 70% of indigenous flowering plants are pollinated by bees. In South Africa 50 crops are insect pollinated with much of the service provided by beekeepers. Africa needs to recognize and embrace pollination as a vital service for the agriculture sector in order to maintain food security for the continent. Member states should have policies for crop production which incorporate pollination as a service. Many African countries are facing food shortages that could be resolved by increasing crop production through use of pollinators. A decline in bee colonies, a decrease in nectar and pollen sources, a failure in forest conservation and the uncontrolled use of pesticides on crops that serve as nectar and pollen source for bees are some of the challenges faced by African countries.

PBO-041

Assessing pollination efficiency of European honey bee (Apis mellifera L.), fruit yield and mono-floral honey production of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in Indian Subtropics.

Rajesh Kumar

ICAR-NRC on Litchi, India

Studies conducted at ICAR-National Research Centre on litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India for the period of two years i.e., 2011-12 and 2012-13 to investigate the effect of pollination by European Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) on fruit set and quality fruit yield and also monofloral honey production under controlled and open pollination. The treatments facilitating pollination on litchi have properly addressed the role of European honeybee as pollinators in pollination during flowering phases and colony placement. The study indicated pollination benefits, fruit set and quality fruit yield along with added advantage of high quality honey production by particular set of honeybee colonies. Pollinator responses, such as altered foraging activity, body size, and life span affected patterns of pollen flow and pollination success in case of litchi blooming period. A nine frame honey bee colony for a period of 35 days during litchi bloom produced 10.5kg honey (1.05t/100 colonies).The physicochemical properties of litchi honey samples of treatments differed significantly for their polyphenol content, ascorbic acid (Vitamin- C) and flavonoid contents. In organoleptic test, the monofloral honey was found better with high consumer preference. The litchi honey samples when tested showed low moisture (<20%), low ash content (<0.6%), low pH and slightly low TSS content indicating good honey quality and flavour. This study clearly indicated that programmed pollination activity improved the fruit set (1.68% from 1.03%), fruit yield (9.18t/ha from 5.60t/ha with percentage increase 93.11 over control) and quality with added advantage of high quality monoflo ral honey for premium price and potential export.

PBO-028

Mapping and distribution of native bees in Mt. BanahawSan Cristobal protected landscape, Philippines

Ronald Garcia, Cecilia Gascon, Amalia Almazol, Maynard Vitoriano

Southern Luzon State University, Philippines

245

Mt. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape is one of the remaining forested areas in Southern Luzon. It serves as life support system for more than one million people of the provinces of Laguna and Quezon. This mountain is known for its floral and faunal diversity and endemicity. Bees as pollinators are very important in the proliferation of several plants such as forest trees, ornamental, weeds, and agricultural crops. Food sources of bees influences the Location of their nests. The study was conducted to determine and mapping the location of bee nests in the area. Descriptive method of research was used with the combined transect, quadrat and opportunistic sampling. GPS was used to record the specific location of the nests and forage species were determines. Maps were generated through ArcGIS 9.3GIS software. Study showed that bees were distributed within different land uses, sharing the forage area and altitude of Mt. Banahaw. They found thriving in various habitats such as trees, crevices and in the ground. They found within the proximity of the location of its food source.

PBO-045

Mellissopalynological analysis of Apis dorsata honey from Coonoor and Kotagiri regions in the Nilgiris, India

Shiny Rehel1

Keystone Foundation, India

The study was carried out during 2010-2013 in Coonoor and Kotagiri region of the Nilgiris. Coonoor lies in the southern part while Kotagiri lies in the eastern part of the Nilgiris. Coonoor and Kotagiri are home to a large number of traditional honey collectors who are expert at collecting honey from trees as well as cliffs. Investigations of pollen analysis in honey samplesare fragmentary and the field of mellissopalynology is not much explored in the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu. The information on plant sources has not been well documented, which underlines the rationale for such a study being initiated in this region. Specifically, this study aims to determine the pollen spectrum of Apis dorsata honey from the forests of Coonoor and Kotagiri region in the Nilgiris. Objective of the study: •To identify the pollen composition in the honey. •To understand the inter-annual variation in bee forage plants during the study period. A total of 20 pollen types were identified as bee foraging species. Of the 46 samples of A. dorsata honey, 66% were unifloral, having a predominant pollen types belonging to Myrtaceae (Syzygium cumini). The remaining 34% samples were multifloral consisting of two or more pollen types, forming the secondary pollen types Caesalpinaceae, Sapindaceae and Acanthaceae (Pterolobium hexapetalum and Schleichera oleosa and Strobilanthes sp). The other pollen types include Acacia sp., Cocos nucifera, Eucalyptus sp., Terminalia sp., Ligustrum perrottettii, and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Verbenaceae, Malvaceae and Poaceae were identified as important minor and minor pollen types.

PBO-048

Salicin is not detected in propolis from stingless bee, Tetragonula biroi, from the Bicol region, Luzon island, Philippines

Elmer A. Polintan1, Cleofas R. Cervancia2

1Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Philippines 2 University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines

246

Propolis samples were gathered from hived stingless bee (Tetragonula biroi Friese) in the Bicol Region. The Propolis extract was obtained using ethanol as solvent. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (UV) was used in the detection of Salicin. All samples were found negative to Salicin, a compound that is known to cause allergies, similar to Salicylic acid. This shows that the propolis tested has great potential for clinical use.

PBO-029

Trophic niche of Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta (Apidae: Meliponini) bred in Central Amazon, Brazil.

Maria Lúcia Absy1, Marcos Gonçalves Ferreira2

1Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Brazil

2Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Brazil

Stingless bees are particularly diverse and widespread in the Neotropics where they play an important role as pollinators. This study aims to identify the pollen collected by stingless bees in the Amazon. The exploitation of trophic resources by Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta (Apidae: Meliponini) in Central Amazon was determined from identification of the corbicular pollen samples during the period from January to December 2012. Corbicular monthly samples were analyzed from homogenized weekly samples. A total of 16 pollen types distributed in 11 botanical families were identified. The families: Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Melastomataceae and Solanaceae were the most representative in the sample s being detected four specialization temporary events (>90%) by type Miconia (Melastomataceae) with 93.00% in November; Solanum aculeatissimum (Solanaceae) in February with 99.50% and in July with 99.33% and Solanum type (Solanaceae) with 99.67% in December. The low richness (n = 16) of pollen types in corbicular pollen samples, in which the highest diversity was observed in August (H = 1,082), suggests that M. interrupta may act as a specialist, due to the low availability of resources in solid ground (terra firme) environments, where intraspecific competition could compromise not only the maintenance of these colonies in this environment, as well as the honey production. The importance of bees in the preservation of many species of plants through pollination is without doubt one of the most important alternatives for the development of meliponiculture as a sustainable activity in the Amazon.

PBO-050

Bee diversity, bee pollination and seed set of Trigonella moabitica Zoh. (Leguminosae) as a native range plant grown under semiarid Mediterranean conditions

Abd Al-Majeed Al-Ghzawi, Shahera Zaitoun

Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Science and Technology, Jordan

This investigation was conducted during the growing seasons 2013 and 2014 at Jordan University of Science and Technology campus (32°30" N, 35°59" E), Irbid, Jordan, to identify the different bee visitors and to assess their accountability in seed set of Trigonella moabitica grown under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. Two treatments were forced on T. moabitica plants before flowering: 1) Plants were covered as (control) or 2) Plants were left uncovered to permit bee visiting. A total of 904 specimens were collected during the study period. They represent five families: Apidae, Megachilidae, Halictidae, Andrenidae and Colletidae. 37 bee species were

247

identified visiting T. moabitica flowers during the study period. Also the results showed that a single plant produced on average 38 clusters, 13 flowers per cluster and 13 ovaries per flower. Open pollinated flowers produced higher significant pods and seeds than covered flowers. Furthermore, weight of 10 pods as well as the weight of 100 seeds, seed weight per pod and total seed weight was also significantly higher under open pollinated treatment compared to covered treatment. Good management program is needed to conserve the diversity of wild bee flower visitors and to improve their value in flowers pollination.

248

Beekeeping

Technology and Quality

Mr. Etienne Bruneau, President of TQ Commission

CARI, Belgium bruneau@cari.be

Dr. Hyun-woo Oh, President of Local TQ Commission

Korea Reaseach Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Republic of Korea hwoh@kribb.re.kr

Mission

Collection of information relating to the technologies and equipment used for apiary activities in temperate, cold and tropical climates, both for honey production and other additional products: wax, pollen, royal jelly, propolis, venom and brood-comb