Apimondia 2015 Abstract book (South Korea)

1 Yongsu Honeyfarm, Republic of Korea

2 Seoul National University, Republic of Korea

The Western Honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), was introduced in to Korea in early 1910s. After introduction, the beekeeping industry and the number of honeybee colonies has been rapidly increased since

1990’s, by 20% yield growth every year and resulting ca. 2 million in 2002. We discuss the history of beekeeping industry and technology development in Korea.

Symposium: Beekeeping for Rural Development I (Europe and Asia)

BRO-054

Queen bee science spurs entrepreneurship

Meral Kekeçolu, P Goç Rasgele

Düzce University, Turkey

The Van city in Eastern Turkey has been subjected to force emigration for decades. The newcomers had very little, if any, skills relevant to an urban environment at best unskilled labor for the men and nothing for the women. This space is not sufficient to review the impact of this on family structures but the outcome was that girls were seldom let out from the home, even for education, married off young at very early ages in Van and became even further marginalized in communal life. We cannot affor d this waste of families either economically or humanely. We design a bee Project to empower young women of the families that are forced to migrate to urban area of Van city.

The Project builds on by making girls “asset owners” and entrepreneurs running their own business. We have more than 180 girls involved in our project. But practice beekeeping activity was given a pilo t group of 20 girls. We set up modern apiary and we educated the girls to produce queen bees under optimal condition. Also young girls were learned honey and other bee production and harvesting methods. 500 queen bees in one season were produced. The girls were educated in managerial and organizing marketing activities. It was gained economic sustainability, the revenues was raised to $140.000. As the girls become earners, they become active decision makers within the Family and Community. The girls have been the sole bread earners in the family and hence have a different status.

BRO-008

Apitherapy for rural development

Cristina Pavel, Stefan Stangaciu

Romanian Apitherapy Society, Romania

Bees are the main pollinators both for food crops and medicinal herbs. This is one of the reasons why traditional, classical beekeeping should be complemented by the use of bee products for prevention and treatment of human and animal diseases. From all the over 15 useful bee products, the main one collected nowadays is honey. For the future development of rural communities that needs not only food, but also health, a very important idea is to implement good practices for producing, using and marketing of the other bee products (pollen, bee bread, propolis, wax, royal jelly, apilarnil, bee venom, etc.). First step is learning the direct, medical

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use of the raw bee products and later, learning how to produce simple recipes (ex propolis ethanolic extract). Rural communities could become easier financially auto-sustainable and healthier in the same time, because many diseases are prevented and treated with apitherapy. From the economical point of view, apitherapy knowledge transmitted to the whole population of a region/country can increase the market value of the bee products. Also, knowledge of medicinal uses of melliferous medicinal herbs and later their cultivation and trading may contribute to the increase of income for rural communities worldwide.

BRO-027

Beekeeping, a part of improvements of livelihoods in rural areas of Nepal

Ram Keshari Duwal1, Seunghwan Lee2

1Kyushu University, Japan

2Seoul National University, Republic of Korea

Nepal, the Himalayan Kingdom boarded Oriental and Palearctic region. Geographically, this country has five vertical divisions from South to North: terai plains, siwalik range, middle mountains, high mountains and high Himalayas respectively. Due to such wide range of altitudinal gap, it exhibits various climatic conditions which flourish various flora and fauna. As a result, this small territory is distributed with four species of honey bees, Apis laboriosa Smith, 1871, A. dorsata Fabricius, 1793, A. cerana Fabricius, 1793 and A. florea Fabricius, 1787. In Nepal, Apis cerana and A. mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 are popular among beekeepers for commercial bee farming. Beekeeping practice is considered as one of the important economic source to develop rural areas of Nepal with the concept of socialization in mountains, where Apis cerana are traditionally reared. Later on, with the vision of income raising source in rural areas, Nepal government and private sectors (including NGO’s and INGO’s) approach the villagers, by providing necessary vocational training and infrastructural development for beekeepers. Though, the program was overwhelming, satisfactory implementation was not found. Therefore, only certain community and/or persons were benefited by establishing small cottage industries while large number of beekeepers did not get goodwill due to lack of market. Therefore, it is important that planning committee of government should bring visionary concept on commercial beekeeping, its beneficiary aspects and quality maintenance, and proper market and market price through which both producers and consumers are encouraged to enhance the sustainable development of bee farming, honey production and consumption.

BRO-010

Meliponiculture for sustainable rural development of northeastern India

RajKumar Thakur1, Akhilesh Singh2

1 ICAR, New Delhi, India

2 SASRD, Nagaland University, Nagaland 797 106, India

Six species of stingless beesTetragonula iridipennis, Tetragonula laviceps, Tetragonula gressitti, Lophotrigona canifrons, Lepidotrigona arcifera and Lepidotrigona ventralis have been reported from northeastern region of India. Stingless bees’ honey is sold about 4 to 5 times higher than Apis cerana honey due to its nutraceutical value. Its honey show great promises of therapeutic properties; which is mainly used for the treatment of burns, wounds,

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eye infections and ulcer by the tribal communities. Stingless bees play a vital role as pollinators in agricultural ecosystem. They can be an ideal pollinators for green house crops due to their restricted flight range. Their use as crop pollinators can open up new vistas in boosting rural economy and as an alternate livelihood option, which is already a traditional activity of various tribes. The tribal communities are beautifully maintaining stingless bee hives around their houses and in the gardens. They are leaving the empty hives in in the forests and after occupation the hives are brought back. Rural people are selling highly medicinal honey and pollen at better price from their homes because of increased demand. Endowed with diverse flora of evergreen sub-tropical forests, North eastern region has ample scope for developing and popularizing Meliponiculture. The wide range of flora offer incessant food sources and make congenial habitat for stingless bees rearing. All above explained offers enormous potential for meliponiculture and a livelihood option to peasantry through enhanced crop productivity, biodiversity conservation and harvesting of hive products for sustainable rural development in this region.

BRO-007

Apiculture for sustainable rural development and increased crop productivity in India

Raj Kumar Thakur, PK Chakrabarty, Surbhi Gupta, Neha Palliwal

Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

Beekeeping has been practiced in India since ages by rural people with wild honey bee species (Apis dorsata Fabricius and Apis florea Fabricius) for honey hunting and with Apis cerana Fabricius in semi-domesticated conditions in wall hives, log hives and as underground beekeeping. Apis mellifera introduction success was finally achieved in 1964 when imported European queens were introduced to young brood of A. cerana which was gradually replaced by A. mellifera cell size foundations though the efforts initiated in 1880. In July 1981, All India Coordinated Research Project on Honeybee Research and Training was initiated by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), with eight different cooperating centers which has increased to 27 now. It is a central scheme and a constituent programme under the ICAR, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. Development goal of the project is to conserve, sustainably manage and use pollinators for promoting green agriculture and sustainable crop production systems. Pollination requirements of important crops has been worked out under the project. Introduction and evaluation of performance of Apis mellifera in various states along with the standardization of management practices is being carried. Extension activities at the local level, resulted improved agricultural productivity, increase in farmer incomes and enhanced food quality, reduced use of pesticides and improved management of ecosystem services. The field demonstrations have increased awareness among farmers regarding use of pollinators in agriculture. This paper elaborates the research activity of the project over the past 35 years and its role in empowering the rural development.

Symposium:Beekeeping for Rural Development II (Africa)

BRO-068

Hives for the handicapped:-beekeeping on the island of Rodrigues

Paul Draper

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Care-Co(Rodrigues), Mauritius

The Island of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean is well off the beaten track of worldwide routes. Rodrigues is one of the outer Islands of the Mauritian Republic and is only accessible by Air From Mauritius and lacks behind the 'mother ' island in almost all respects. Unemployment is severe and thus poverty is rampant. Beekeeping has therefore been a source of income for some islanders who have been encouraged to take up beekeeping. The CARE-CO organization was set up in 1990 as a privately run NGO which develops income earning activities for people with disabilities, and started a beekeeping training project in 1994. This has developed into a well structured programme with two model teaching apiaries and a fully equipped Honey bottling plant where up to 20 beekeepers, all with disabilities are active. Care-co also has two sales outlets on the Island and there is a success story to be told of the 20 beekeepers who are now benefitting from this initiative of Care-Co. Paul.Draper MBE. Director Care-Co.Rodrigues.

BRO-015

Keeping Quality in Comoros: using bees to create livelihoods and change destructive practices

Ellen Geisler

Peace Corps, Comoros

Between 1990 and 2005, Comoros lost 58.3% of its forest cover, around 7,000 hectares; and the highest rate of loss of the Western Indian Ocean islands. Causes of deforestation include charcoal making and wood extraction, agricultural expansion, and infrastructure development. Beekeeping is a sustainable development strategy used around the world to provide alternative sustainable livelihoods and change destructive practices. Environmental education in Comoros, taught through beekeeping, creates value for forests as honey bee habitat and generates income. Traditional honey harvesting practices in Comoros involve robbing honey and nectar from wild hives, resulting in hive destruction, personal safety risks, and poor quality honey. We created a pilot project using a train- the-trainers approach involving men and women to improve beehive management techniques, enhance honey quality and income generation, and introduce value for the ecosystem through environmental education. Environmental education will empower communities to become stewards of their natural resources and demand more protection, which may create a local grassroots movement towards good governance. This community-led initiative creates local experts who have knowledge and skills to continue educating other community members to improve livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the forest around Karthala Volcano and across the islands. We anticipate this pilot project will be scaled to create a beekeeping industry in Comoros that will provide alternative livelihoods and reduce deforestation from destructive agricultural practices.

BRO-060

Beekeeping for Rural Development

Kodjo Logou Agossou1

1 Organisation pour la Promotion des Arts Apicole et Sylvicole (OPAAS), Togo

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Rural areas are full of typical problems: rapid population growth; low per capita arable land; overexploitation of land; poor soils; declining agricultural yields; poverty and malnutrition; rural exodus migration and exploitation of fragile ecosystems (forest, mines ....) or traffic in human organs. More general problems like irregular seasons due to climate change; lack of clean water and energy come amplify the effect of previous

Beekeeping contains values that can alleviate these ills. On the one hand any beekeeper protects and strengthens the canopy from the vicinity (neigbhour) of the apiary. The medium is gaining firewood, dietary fruits, pharmacopeia bodies and even animals to medium term micro forest with multiple effects: correction of the local climate, soil stabilization and water courses, restoration of soil fertility, accelerating infiltration of storm water limiting flooding. Moreover, this breeding can be done on any type of soil even smaller thanks to the possibilities of concentration of hives, it reduces land disputes. Finally, because of its direct effects, including increased crop yields (due to the participation of bees for pollination) especially the highly mercantile bee products (honey, propolis, wax, royal jelly ... ..) is currency source and more attractive food for less painful and often on the margins of growing seasons often marked by the exodus

BRO-012

Beekeeping schools – A great chance for rural and sustainable development

Zlatko Tomljanovic1, Ivana Tlak-Gajger2, Itana Bukovac3, Suncica Stanic-Gluhinic3,

Dario Frangen4

1 Advisory service, Zagreb, Croatia

2 Veterinary faculty University of Zagreb

3 Public Open University Samobor

4 Croatian institute of rural development, beekeeping, gamekeeping and ecology

During the last few years the number of beekeepers in Croatia increased by one-third. The causes for increase can be explained by ecological and economic reasons. Unfortunately, many beginners ventured into beekeeping adventure without any practical and theoretical knowledge. Hence a large amount of mistakes in beekeeping management and honey bee health have been made by inexperienced beekeepers. Spreading of honey bee diseases and ignoring the general guidelines of Good beekeeping practice in apiaries are common errors by young beekeepers. Those beekeepers present high risk to all other educated beekeepers. Given this and to avoid such unwanted circumstances, we established beekeeping schools based on program approved by the Ministry of Science and Education. Likewise, local government joined the project and gave the opportunity to the beekeepers to be reimbursed the course fees. The beekeeping school lasts three months and attendants will have thirty hours of theoretical lessons and ninety hours of practical works as well. After finishing the course, attendants should be able to understand and explain basics of honey bee biology, recognize most common management systems and explain their benefits and drawbacks, assess general health of honey bee colonies and recognize common health problems. Consequently, we expect fewer problems in apiaries concerning beekeeping management and honey bee health than before. Finally, transferring the know-how technology to the beekeepers puts modern beekeeping in the centre of rural and sustainable development. The beekeepers will be ready to take care for nature and earn spare money at the same time.

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BRO-056

Beekeeping as a livelihood strategy for women in rural Zambia.

Muule Moonga

Meshearles Ent. Ltd, Zambia

It is well understood that social and economic development can only be attained with equal participation of both men and women in the development process of any given country.For the rural poor in Zambia,especially women, ensuring food security for their families is a constant struggle as they live in situations of abject poverty. A social crisis in which the majority of people are denied a minimum decent living standard, poverty is and continues to be, the most profound challenge that Zambia faces today and it is becoming more and more difficult for the majority of people to meet basic needs as food costs continue rising while wages are in some cases unexistant and even where they do exist remain static and too far below the food cost. The impacts of poverty, structural adjustment programs and shifting patterns of farming have all drawn women in rural areas away from their more traditional roles in subsistence agriculture and honey extraction towards a more income dependent honey trading occupation. Beekeeping in Zambia is quite a significant contributor to the economic and social well being of many people and rural households in Northwestern province and other areas which are hardly reached by agencies responsible for the delivery of essential public services. The strengthening and capacity building of all stakeholders in the honey value chain will significantly contribute to the reduction of rural poverty in Zambia and in turn contribute to sustainable national development as the apiculture industry has great potential for sustained economic growth.

BRO-050

Beekeeping for rural development in Nigeria: A case study of my involvment in training five hundred farmers.

Oluwaseun Johnson

Bargong Farms, Nigeria

Nigeria's middle belt region is rich in diversity and density of angiosperms which bees need to support themselves. Unfourtunatly, local bee hunters burn bees to harvest honey. This is not only a bad practice, it is also not good for pollination, conservation and any agro related venture. In the past years I have been involved in training farmers, students of tertiary and secondary schools in Nigeria on the practice of beekeeping. A rescent trainig of 500 farmers in five states of Nigeria was sponsored by USAID MARKETS 2 project. This project focused on three major area of beekeeping for revenue generation, beekeeping for pollination intervention and beekeeping for household nutrition. The emerging findings has proved that in beekeeping for revenue generation alone, farmers got more money per capital invested in beekeeping compared to conventional farming. The practise of Apitherapy was the stongest gains in household health and nutrition and the impact of pollination on an experimental pepper (Capsicum Spp) patch was phenominal. Only about 1% of the potential in beekeeping in Nigeria in curently been taped and thus providing an oppurtunity for the evolution of allied industries if the potential is well harnersed. The hope that other related issues like use of insecticides, bush burning leading to environmental degradation will further be reduced. We also for-see bees been used for environmental impact analysis My recommendation therefore based on my findings and research over the years is that a comprehensive beekeeping policy bee legislated in our government.

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BRO-067

Queen bee rearing in Africa: Its impacts in bee population, pollination and increase of bee products.

Philemon Kiemi1, Prof. Bernad Chove2, Shimon Barrel3

1 Singida Youth entrepreneurs and Consultants Cooperative Society, Tanzania

2Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania 3 Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

Beekeeping sector in Africa continent is growing rapid as measure of solving extreme poverty in rural and urban Areas. One of the world problem in beekeeping sector is Absconding and low hive occupancy. In Africa we have African Killer bees which are aggressive and giant venom. We started First Queen bee rearing project in Africa which is located at Kisaki Village, SingidaTanzania. Philemon Kiemi (27) is a young scientist intends to serve his Nation through beekeeping sector. He is graduate of international postgraduate course on Commercial Beekeeping in Modern Agriculture from Hebrew University of Jerusalem and founder of Singida Youth Entrepreneurs and Consultants Cooperative Society. He started Queen bee rearing projects in Africa will be measure to solve existing problem of low hive occupancy which results to low yields in agriculture production and bee products.As Africa is dark continent in terms of its nature we want to exercise "Commercial Beekeeping for Rural Development" which will increase bee products feed the world (global market)in rural and urban Areas. In collaboration with Academic institutions we have done number of researches in Beekeeping for rural Development and we like to share with others in Apimondia in daejeon, Korea this year. "Karibu Africa"

Symposium: Beekeeping for Rural Development III

BRO-058

Socio Economic barriers to increased honey production among rural households: Case of Northern Uganda

Deborah Ruth Amulen1, Guy Smagghe2, Paul Cross3

1 College of Veterinary medicine, Makerere University, Uganda

2 Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Belgium

3 Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Bangor University UK

Honey production in Uganda is sub optimal, average hive yield is estimated at 3.9kg per hive. This is below projected potential of 6-10kg per traditional beehive, 8-15kg per Kenya Top Bar and 15 kg per Langstroth. (Uganda Bureau of Statistics, 2008). Various factors influence honey yield that is, type of beehive, ecological location, management practices, health status of honey bees and beekeepers knowledge. There is limited understanding of socio economic barriers from the beekeepers’ perspective. In a bid to contextualize the beekeepers working challenges and devise approaches to increased honey production in Northern Uganda. The study examined knowledge perceptions and attitudes towards beekeeping, extent to which ones’ gender influenced participation in beekeeping and assess the status of extension services for beekeepers in that region. Nine focus groups, 12 key informant interviews and 304 household survey questionnaire interviews were conducted from December 2014 to February 2015 in Northern Uganda. Findings indicate that knowledge on hive management remains inadequate among many beekeepers varying by years of experience in beekeeping, age of beekeeper and social network in terms of linkage to extension services. Women feared hive management citing reasons like

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limited knowledge and lack of protective clothing. Extension service delivery for beekeepers was inadequate in terms of frequency of delivery and quality of service. These findings infer that socio-economic factors still play a significant role in deterring increased honey production in Northern Uganda

BRO-065

Beekeeping for rural development

Venance Ntahondi

Mpita Enterprises, Tanzania

It is my plan to assist the rural residents around the project in Manyoni District in Singida region in Tanzania where my project is set just to commence with.These residents are poor, They almost live under 1 USD per day, therefore by staying with them.

BRO-064

Socio-economic and technical characteristics of beekeeping in the divisions of Bamboutos, MiFi and Menoua in Western Cameroon

Romuald Patrick Kenmogne Fotso1, Meutchieye Félix1, Youbissi Annie2,

Tchoumboué Joseph1

1 FASA, Cameroon

2 MINEPIA

Socio-economic and technical characteristics of 113 beekeepers selected randomly in three divisions were accessed through survey using semi-structural questionnaire, direct interviews and observations from April to July 2014. The main results were as follow: beekeeping is mostly done by men (79.6%) aged between 50-60 years. Many of them are Christians (75.2%), married (88.5%) and taking care of more than 5 persons. Some of them have not received a proper training but have been exercising for more than 15 years. Beekeeping is the main activity for only few of them (13.3%). The number of hives varies from 1 to more than 101, with an average of 40 hives per beekeeper. The hives are mainly installed throughout the year (54.0%) on stilt (55.8%) less than one meter above the ground (61.9%). The bait used is mainly wax (91.2%). The interval between hives installation and bee populating is not evaluated by beekeepers. The rate of non-colonised hives is relatively high (29.0%). A high proportion of beekeepers does not have the essential equipment like protecting clothes (38.9%), smoker (41.6%) and do not carry out regular monitoring of apiary (47.8%). Harvesting is done 2 times (49.6%) per year from February to May mostly during the day (54.9%). The products harvested are honey (100.0%), wax (69.9%), propolis (44.2%), pollen (15.9%) and royal jelly (3.5%). The average amount of honey harvest varies from 4 to 7 liters per colony. Honey is kept within the comb or stored in a filtered form. Honey colors were light amber (36.7%).

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BRO-019

Agriculture, socio-economic development through beekeeping of rural Indian women.

Sarika Saswade

Prasari Honey Bee's Pvt. Ltd., India

In India very less no of women involved in this industry so motivate the women to do beekeeping. In India large no of farmers don’t know about Beekeeping for importance of pollination. Indian women status is secondary in social economic than men, but we see developmental rays of hopes in beekeeping through women. Indian rural women working in farm & forest, they look after bees & care of them. Women also migrate the bee hives in various flora fauna area in India. As social Entrepreneur our main motto is give them Scientific & Modern Training in Beekeeping. So they develop themselves in various areas like economic social development l they will get empowerment through Beekeeping Industry. We gave beekeeping training to tribes & non tribe’s women in rural area. Some Role models actually developed through beekeeping. Rural women developed beekeeping skills, Knowledge & information. Women will get economical power through beekeeping. In very hygienic conditions women collect the pure honey. We see in women special skills, research attitude & method of handling the bees & they have patience, caring nature & main is less addiction than men. Name: Sarika Saswade Education: Master of Social Work Social field Experience: 18 years, Beekeeping Experience: 6 years. Certified as a“Kendra chalak” by Khadi &Village Industry Board of Maharashtra. Member of National Bee Board, Govt. of India. Experience:

Cateringas a Resource Person in National Bee Board seminars. Supported by Women Entrepreneur at ‘Goldman Sach’ – 10k Women in India by International School of Business.

BRO-061

Beekeeping for Rural Development in Uganda

Sarah Ankunda

Royal Tropical honey

Beekeeping for rural development in my country is practised on large and smmall scale. Some time back traditional methods of bee keeping were still predominant in Uganda where it remained an important seasonal activity in many regions. Rural people had a good knowledge of bees, plants and places favoured by bees but hives were usually destroyed and colonies often killed in the process of collecting honey. Contamination and fermentation of honey is also common. Despite the diversity of vegetation suitable for bees in the region, a shortage of bees means that beekeepers are dependent on collecting swarming bee stock. The current shortage is also limiting production of honey and by-products for which there is considerable potentrial However with all those challanges the local peoples have improved their standards of living in both health and finace using the coperatives they formed and saving schemes. Farmers have acquired new technology with the help of agricultural organisations on how to mantain thier bee colonies,using modernised beehives and equipments,handling honey in its purest form.This has improved honey quality production in Uganda. Demand for apicultural products has increased in our country, since people are taking honey instead of sugar.

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Symposium: Beekeeping for Rural Development IV

BRO-049

Accessibility to livelihood amenities among women and youth in western Tanzania: The case of beekeeping activities

Angela Mwakatobe1, Janemary Ntalwila1, Mwanahamisi Mapolu2, Edward Kohi1,

Steven Nindi1

1 Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Tanzania

2 Tanzania Forestry Services

Participation of rural women and youth in beekeeping activities provides a unique opportunity to improve rural livelihoods and hence poverty reduction. This paper explores the extent of accessibility of women and youth in beekeeping industry in Tanzania. Data were collected from Kigoma Region in Western Tanzania through Participatory questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews. Results indicate that women have explored their own niche in beekeeping industry by actively engaging in post harvesting of bee products. Income generation was the major reason for participating in beekeeping activities and beekeeping was ranked number one at the same level as agriculture as major sources of income. Post harvesting beekeeping, however, needs liquid capital investment which, limit women and youth to participate fully in the business. Cultural practices were also mentioned as other main hindrance for adult women and youth to participate in beekeeping activities. Nonetheless, presence of beekeeping groups and associations, community banks, forest reserves and beekeeping awareness campaigns in the areas provided opportunities for women and youth to participate in beekeeping. We recommend for strengthening and empowerment of beekeeping groups, associations and cooperatives with particular emphasis to women and youth to access credits facilities, donor supports and training. In order to increase income accrued from beekeeping activities, promoting and support of training on processing of secondary bee products to women and youth beekeepers are important. Stakeholder’s involvement in promoting and support beekeeping awareness campaigns is crucial to enhance the contribution of the sector for livelihood improvement and environmental conservation.

BRO-045

Assessment of the utilisation of beekeeping technologies in ekiti state, Nigeria: implications for enhancing rural women livelihoods

Bamigboye Emmanuel1, Yusuf Olayinka2

1 Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2 Kwara State University, Malete, Nigera

The study was designed to assess the utilisation of Beekeeping Technologies (BT) among rural women in Ekiti State of Nigeria. Specifically, the personal attributes of respondents were described, profitability of beekeeping enterprise was evaluated, utilisation level of beekeeping technologies were determined, constraints inhibiting successful beekeeping were identified and implications drawn for enhancing rural women livelihoods. One

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