Apimondia 2015 Abstract book (South Korea)

respectively. HMF was 1.13±0.31, 3.37±1.73, 0.68±0.04, 0.48±0.16, 0.91±0.37, 0, 0 and 2.09±0.21, respectively. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, turanose, isomaltose and total sugars were 38.80±1.18, 30.54±2.68, 2.14±0.15, 0.33±0.35, 0.54±0.33,0, 72.37±3.80; 38.85±0.81, 31.64±1.37, 2.56±0.21, 0.82±0.36, 1.40±0.96, 0.01±0.02, 75.30±2.24; 40.26±0.25, 30.55±0.32, 1.92±0.13, 1.72±0.36, 2.04±0.45, 0.15±0.09, 76.67±0.99; 35.29±3.52, 29.33±2.74, 2.75±0.64, 1.03±0.25, 1.78±0.15, 1.52±1.01, 71.72±4.39; 43.07±0.37, 33.27±0.58, 1.22±0.10, 0.43±0.29, 1.19±0.48, 0.01±0.01, 79.20±0.96; 38.64±0.22, 37.20±0.35, 1.32±0.05, 0.92±0.24, 1.36±0.28, 0.19±0.10, 79.64±1.11; 38.14±0.52, 36.16±0.60, 1.84±0.02, 0.86±0.05, 1.26±0.07, 0.48±0.04, 78.77±1.12; and 41.01±0.30, 34.32±0.38, 1.12±0.01, 1.34±0.11, 1.77±0.33, 0.12±0.09, 79.71±0.90 respectively. A significant (p<0.0001) relation between moisture content and aw was expressed by r2=0.923, goodness of fit for regression equation was aw=0.264+0.016*moisture%. Conclusion. All mean values of Ethiopian honey qualify Codex and European Union standards. In almost all quality standard authorities, moisture content is considered as the quality authentication parameter, but the determination of moisture alone could not sufficiently describe the quality of honey for storage, processing and use; unless aw is considered.

TQO-021

China’s royal jelly export in 2014

Ming Xu1, Lihong Chen2, Siriwat Wongsiri3

86clh@sina.com; chenlihong@caas.cn

1 Department of International Cooperation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), China 2 Apicultural Science Association of China (ASAC), Bee Research Institute of CAAS, China

3 Asian Apicultural Association (AAA)

China is a major beekeeping country in the world. It is also the most productive beekeeping country in the world in terms of production of honeybee products that include royal jelly. Almost 90% of the world total royal jelly was produced in China. Its fresh royal jelly production reached historical high of up to 4,000 tons in 2010. The royal jelly is not only meant for domestic consumption, but also for export in exchange for foreign currency. Japan,

Europe, the United States, Southeast Asia are the major market for China’s royal jelly. Over the decades, domestically consumed royal jelly was more than that of the exported royal jelly. But in 2013, for the first time, the volume of export royal jelly reached 1,620 tons, surpassed that sold in domestic market, up 33.4% than previous year, though the year’s total fresh royal jelly production reduced to 3,000 tons. The article elaborated the performance of royal jelly export market in 2014 based on statistic data from Customs of China and Apicultural Sciences Association of China.

New Technology and Good Beekeeping I

TQO-051

Electronic bee hive monitoring for scientists

Huw Evans, Sandra Kordic

Arnia Ltd, United Kingdom

Electronic bee-hive monitoring has evolved relatively recently as the technology has become available to allow economic, nonintrusive and user-friendly data collection. Traditional honey bee studies tend to involve frequent physical manipulations, however honeybees do not benefit from being disturbed by frequent examinations; their

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normal activities are disrupted potentially biasing results. Non-intrusive data collection using electronic bee hive monitors greatly reduces this problem. The hive monitors can reliably, frequently, consistently and objectively measure parameters such as hive homeostasis (brood temperature/humidity), bee activity (flight/foraging and fanning acoustics) and productivity (hive weight). When considering the foragers daily flight profile, t he need to consider parameters such as activity and colony strength at the same point in time becomes evident. Most often this is not practical by manual inspection, however electronic monitors allow simultaneous measurement of such parameters. In addition, the automation of data collection and data management removes the errors associated with manual record logging. Metrological data such as apiary air temperature, rainfall, humidity, sunshine and cloud cover are also collected. Electronic hive monitoring offers scientists a truly scalable solution, from semifield trials to full-scale field trials involving hundreds or thousands of colonies across various geographical areas, over extended periods, thus facilitating pooling of diverse sets of data and reducing human resource. Finally, the accumulating data are potentially an invaluable resource for retro evaluating the cause and effect relationships.

The monitors can provide “black box” data, offering an audit log of the events leading up to a colony’s failure.

TQO-046

Method of operating commercial venom collection

Hossein Yeganehrad2, Hamzeh Ramezani Karim1, Sajad Jazani-Dorche2

1University of British Columbia 2 Caspian Apiaries, Canada

Apitoxin, or honeybee venom can be described as a bitter colorless liquid. The active ingredients in apitoxin consist of a complex mixture of proteins, which cause local inflammation and acts as an anticoagulant. Bee venom is produced in the abdomen of worker bees from a mixture of acidic and basic secretions. A honeybee can inject 0.1 mg of venom with its stinger. Bee venom has many commercial, medicinal and therapeutic properties. Among the growing list of uses; Bee Venom Therapy (BVT) has been used to treat arthritis, rheumatism, skin diseases, Lyme disease and chronic fatigue syndrome. Historically, collecting bee venom was a tedious procedure, requiring careful handling of each individual bee. Recently, developments in electrostimulation of worker bees have led to a revolution in bee venom collection, allowing for large-scale commercial bee venom collection operations. By stimulating bees to release Nasamov pheromone the effects of the alarm pheromone released as a byproduct .The pacifying effect makes the environment around the collecting device safer, as well as allows for the rapid redeployment of electro-stimulation equipment to other colonies. This presentation will include a description of bee byproducts and their effects as well as the techniques used in Bee operation management, including donor hive selection, proper parameters for the electro-stimulation, a working time-frame for efficient and scalable collection and the hygienic, collection, transportation, desiccation and storage of bee venom.

TQO-029

Electronic bee hive monitoring for beekeepers

Huw Antony Evans, Sandra Kordic

Arnia Ltd, United Kingdom

Arnia’s remote bee hive monitoring system is aimed at minimising disruption to honey bees while actually increasing the amount of information a beekeeper gains. Benefits to a beekeeper in the active season are the ability to remotely track colonies’ spring build up and ongoing development, manage swarming, verify queen status and

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track nectar flow, better manage feeding and hive ventilation. Moreover, the system offers a series of alerts that are automatically sent to the beekeeper. These include: theft or hive fallen over, colony swarmed or being robbed, colony broodless, need to add/remove super or simply that the bees collected a lot of honey that day, if the hive needs ventilating or the bees need feeding during winter. Arnia’s bee hive monitors feature multiple sensors (temperature, humidity, acoustics, and weight) which when combined give a detailed picture of the colony at any given time. Weight data provides invaluable information on a colony’s status and productivity while temperature and humidity are indicative of the hive’s homeostasis. The addition of acoustic data completes the picture by adding an element of day to day behaviour while enhancing the other data. Algorithms are currently being developed to interpret the acoustic data in relation to swarm prediction, disease detection and management. An intuitive user interface offering historical and real time data is central to beekeeper’s much greater involvement. Electronic monitoring changes the way bees are managed. Furthermore, the increased intimacy fundamentally changes the relationship between beekeeper and bees.

TQO-049

Record keeping is for everyone!

James Wilkes

Hive Tracks, USA

The rapid development of computing technologies and the ever increasing availability of mobile access to the internet has created a great opportunity to leverage technology to improve beekeeping and the health of honey bees around the world. Cloud based software for record keeping offers a convenient, secure, and valuable tool for beekeepers in the complex world of managing healthy and productive honey bees. Storing a variety of data including observations, inspections, management actions, photos, videos, instrumented hive data, lab reports, and more, these software tools give a beekeeper the information needed to make wise management decisions. As the largest provider of beekeeping software in the world, Hive Tracks currently has over 17,000 registered users in over 140 countries and caters to any size beekeeper with customized software development available for commercial and government applications. Hive Tracks software is accessed through a web address, hivetracks.com, using any internet enabled device including smart phones and tablets. The benefits of using Hive Tracks include tracking the health of hives via inspections, effective queen logging, honey production, efficacy of varroa control, and feed management. For larger beekeeping operations, knowing hive locations and strength for pollination are critical as well as recording management actions of work crews like inspecting, feeding, and treating. Whether you have a couple of hives in your backyard or a couple of hundred in varietal honey production or several thousand colonies for pollination, knowing the current state your bees is essential to being a successful beekeeper.

TQO-050

The development of a beekeeping innovation, "Flow"

Stuart Anderson, Cedar Anderson

BeeInventive Pty Ltd, Australia

Over a ten year period a father-son team, Stuart and Cedar Anderson, developed a way to extract honey from a standard Langstroth hive without opening the hive and with minimal disturbance of the bees. They called this innovation the "Flow Hive" Earlier this year the pair put the invention on a crowdfunding site and were surprised

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at the huge response. Many crowdfunding records were broken and tens of thousands of Flow hives have been ordered. The first deliveries went out in June. In this presentation Stuart will tell some of the story of the development of the Flow frames and how they work. He will outline the significant implications of this invention for amateur and professional apiarists and in relation to bee colony health.

TQO-040

First steps for good beekeeping practices guide for apitherapy products

Etienne Bruneau

CARI, Belgium

The level of quality required to produce apitherapy products is different from the general level required by the usual good beekeeping practice guide. We have to take into account different factors. As for other guides HACCP approach is used. In this case, the risks are linked to contaminants and degradation. Botanical origin can influence effective components. The topic is to arrive to the conservation of a maximum of active ingredients. In this frame, general recommendations are formulated for the beekeeper to produce very high level of quality products. Each product (honey, pollen, bee bread, royal jelly, propolis, apilarnil, wax) requires specific conditions for the harvest, packaging and storage.

Symposium: New Technology and Good Beekeeping II

TQO-028

Structural disruption and bioactive effect on bee-pollen treated by proteolytic enzymes

Carlos Zuluaga, Marta Quicazán

Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia

Bee-pollen possesses a broad range of biological activities. It is recognized as a valuable nutritional source of protein and fat, and bioactive compounds such carotenoids, vitamins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. In particular, to these bioactive compounds have been attributed beneficial properties, suggesting its use as a dietary supplement. However, nutrient absorption and biological activities of bee-pollen may be restricted due to its complex pollen wall, composed of sporopollenin, a lipid copolymer of p- hydroxycinnamic acids and fatty acids, cross-linked with ethers and esters, and some types of carotenoids, tocopherols, provitamin A and vitamin D. Several reports indicate a breakdown of the sporopollenin would enhance availability of biological compounds. Enzymatic hydrolysates are proposed as a strategy to increase digestibility of bee-pollen with potential beneficial effects on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect on parameters such protein, total phenolics and antioxidant activity, when a combination of thermal treatment and commercial proteases are employed to obtain bee-pollen hydrolysates. Bee-pollen from the Colombian Cundiboyacense Highplateau was employed, and three different hydrolysates were proved: alcalase, neutrase and protamex. In addition, a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed in order to visualize the structural

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modification of the grain. It was found that the a thermal treatment and hydrolysis carried out by protamex, could improve the protein content in about 18%, phenolic compounds 106% and the antioxidant activity in 68%. SEM showed how the exine of bee-pollen was disrupted into fragments, eventually freeing compounds with nutritional and bioactive potential.

TQO-012

Some challenges and achievements in the development of Brazilian green propolis

Jairo Bastos

jkbastos@fcfrp.usp.br

FCFRPSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo. Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-903

Brazilian green propolis is mainly produced in the States of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Its main botanical source is Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), a shrub that grows in the “cerrado” vegetation of Southeastern of Brazil.

Its major compounds are flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, from which the prenylated derivatives of p-coumaric acid, such as artepillin C stands out. We have developed HPLC validated analytical methods for the quantitative analysis of the phenolic compounds (phenylpropanoids caffeic, ferulic and coumaric acids; flavonoids aromadendrin and isosakuranetin; prenylated phenylpropanoids artepillin C, baccharin and 2,2-Dimethyl-6- carboxyethenyl-2H-1-benzopyran) in both green propolis and B. dracunculifolia, which allowed the standardization of green propolis extract. Also, we have found green propolis active as antimicrobial, wound healing, antiulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antigenotoxic and antileishmanial. The standardized extract was evaluated in pre-clinical and phase one clinical assays, and was found save for human uses. Aiming to increase the production of green propolis we have undertaken the cultivation of 10 different populations of B. dracunculifolia, allowing to develop the agrotechnology for the creation of a bee pasture for the production of green propolis to ensure the availability of this raw material to supply the market in the future. The challenge of creating a bee pasture are underway and the preliminary results are very promising.

TQO-036

Different types of traps collecting propolis by honey bees: Do they affect quantity and quality of propolis?

Antonios Tsagkarakis1, Konstantinos Gardikis2, Ioannis Katsenios2, Sotirios Strigkos2,

Maria-Ioanna Stavropoulou3, Konstantina Stathopoulou3, Nektarios Aligiannis3, Georgios

Balotis1

1 Institute of Agronomical Sciences, Greek Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Greece

2 APIVITA S.A.

3 Department of Parmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of

Athens, Greece

Honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), is a beneficial insect which serves the environment by pollinating plants and by collecting/modificating a variety of products: honey, wax, venom, royal jelly, propolis.

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Among bee products, propolis has attracted the attention of scientists due mainly to the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties, while recent stud ies revealed that it po ssesses many other beneficial bio logical activities such as antiinflammator y, antiulcer, local anaesthetic, immunostimulating, hepatoprotective and anti-tumor. Only a few scientific studies related to techniques for propolis collection by honey bees have been previously reported. In the present series of experiments, three different types of propolis collection traps (0.1 mm and 0.2mm handmade plastic screens, plus a market-style plastic grid) were used and quantitative and qualitative composition of the collected propolis was evaluated using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques. All the traps were attached on Langstroth bee hives and five replications per treatment were used. Results and discussion will be presented.

TQO-037

Stability of hormone components in products based on drone brood

Dmitrii Mitrofanov, Nataliya Budnikova, Liliya Burmistrova

FSBSI “RI of Beekeeping”, Russia

Homogenat of the drone brood contains sex hormones and other components able to regulate the human endocrine system. Based on the drone brood they have created in Russia some drugs used when metabolism violation, anergy, sexual dysfunction, mineral metabolism violation and other states caused by endocrine pathology. This causes actuality of studying the hormone components safety in drugs based on the drone brood. But there have not been enough researches showing stability of hormones while processing the drone brood and characterizing comparative content of hormones in different drugs to standardize and ground specific medical use indications. We have studied the safety of drone brood hormone components when stabilizing by adsorption with the use of different adsorbents as compared with native and cool-dehumidified drone brood. One can see considerably better safety of testosterone and oestradiol in the adsorbed drone brood as compared with cool-dehumidified one. While comparing sex hormones content in the drone brood adsorbed with different adsorbents we have discovered that adding bees extract to the classic lactose-glucose adsorbent promotes better testosterone stabilization as progesterone and oestradiol are better saved while using the adsorbent containing equal glucose and lactose. Thus, the content of the hormones being studied strongly depends on the stabilization conditions necessary to consider while evaluating the biological activity of the drugs.

TQO-003

Gentle Beekeeping® : a brand-new certification scheme for happy bees and happy beekeepers

Catherine Flurin

Institut pour l'Apiculture Douce, France

Gentle Beekeeping® is a new, bold and holistic approach of beekeeping. It sets an utmost priority to the respect of bees. It leverages the new health sciences and state-of-the-art research on beekeeping pratices and bees wellbeing. The Alternative Beekeeping addresses all beekeepers and induces a new model for beekeeping. Gentle

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Beekeeping® is articulated around 3 principles : 1.Full respect of the hive. 2.Gentle collecting of honey and other hive products

3.Enhanced hive environment. To qualify all these principles, the Gentle Beekeeping® is developing a voluntary scheme standard based on precise, objective and measurable criteria, as well as scientific analysis of both the products and the soil where the hives are implanted.This scheme will be annually audited by an independent certificator. It will allow the committed beekeepers to obtain an aggregated rate based on a series of indicators defined by the Institute for Gentle Beekeeping® and their Scientific Committee. The Institute for Gentle Beekeeping® , through this voluntary scheme, accompanies beekeepers around the world throughout an improvement process. The Institute for Gentle Beekeeping® also brings them a state-of-the-art expertise on the many dimensions of their beekeeping pratices (polarized wood – made hives, pattent-protected harvest systems, no-smoke and no-veil beekeeping practices, biodynamic conservation and transformation processes in order to preserve the vital energy of the products, etc.). This expertise is based on collaborations with scientists and researchers from different backgrounds. Gentle Beekeeping® at last offers a range of therapeutic practices, based on a sensitive approach of bees and their vibratio ns.

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Apitherapy

Dr. Theodore Cherbuliez, President of AT Commission

USA tcherbuliez@gmail.com

Dr. Sang-mi Han, President of Local AT Commission

National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Republic of Korea sangmih@korea.kr

Mission

Issued from the beekeeping world, its scientific and humanitarian mission is to promote the development and the application, at international level, of the researches using beehive products with medical destination. It promotes the recognition of Apiculture as a link of the therapeutic chain.

Plenary Session I

ATO-059

Honey – a sweet solution for problem pathogens and promoting digestive health

Shona Blair

i3 Research Institute - University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Honey has been used therapeutically throughout the history of the human race, by an extremely diverse array of cultures. Ailments traditionally treated with honey ranged from diseases of the gastric and respiratory systems to burns, wounds and eye infections. Honey has been especially persistent as a wound dressing, probably because it exhibits significant antimicrobial activity due to high sugar content, low pH, hydrogen peroxide production and floral factors. However, activity levels vary greatly from honey to honey depending on the floral source. Usually active honeys are such because of the enzymatic production of hydrogen peroxide. However, a few rare honeys, from certain species of Leptospermum flora native to New Zealand and Australia, also contain additional antibacterial properties. Various honeys have significant activity against problematic pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant “super bugs”, bacteria living in biofilms and fungal pathogens – all of which are becoming increasingly difficult to treat with conventional medicine. Honey also promotes wound healing, regardless of infection status, and there are many studies showing the benefits of honey as a modern wound dressing. For example, certain honeys are being used to dress chronic ulcers, with remarkable results, as well as on other infected wounds and burns. Recent work also suggests that eating honey could have a beneficial effect on the human intestinal flora, with subsequent positive health impacts. The potential benefits of an increased medicinal use of honey cannot be ignored, and there are now significant data that argue for a greater use of selected honeys in modern medical practices.

ATO-060

Proposal for standardization of propolis: International standards - how is it possible

Vassya Bankova, Milena Popova, Boryana Trusheva

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria

Proposal for standardization of propolis: international standards - how is it possible. Propolis is a plant derived bee product and its chemical composition is highly variable, depending on the local flora and the resinous plant materials available to honeybees. There are many different chemical types of propolis, having completely different chemical composition and containing different bioactive compounds. This fact makes the elaboration of a uniform international standard for propolis impossible. For most of the distinct propolis types, the most important bioactive constituents are well known and proved. The way to achieve reasonable standardization of propolis is to apply the approach used for standardization of medicinal plants. Thus, it is possible to formulate international standards for different propolis chemical types based on the content of the corresponding active principles, measured by specific and appropriate analytical procedures. Such procedures and values have already been proposed for poplar type (European) propolis, Brazilian green (Baccharis) propolis and for Pacific (Macaranga) type propolis. More work has to be done in order to formulate standards for other propolis types, e.g. red South American or some African

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propolis types. Important point is the recognition (dereplication) of the chemical type of the particular propolis sample/batch.

ATO-007

The therapeutic effects of bee venom on liver fibrosis

Kwan kyu Park

Catholic University of Daegu, Republic of Korea

Bee venom (BV) therapy is the therapeutic application of honeybee venom. This has been used as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions. Many studies on the biological and pharmacological activities of BV have been carried out. However, the cellular mechanism and anti-fibrotic effect of BV on liver fibrosis are not fully understood. In the past few years, we investigated the various effects of bee venom on liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis is initiated when liver injury stimulates cells in the liver to synthesize and secrete proteins and other soluble mediators. Therefore, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effect of BV on TGF-1- induces apoptosis in hepatocytes. Our results showed significant protection from DNA damage by BV treatment. Furthermore, BV suppressed TGF-1-induced activation of bcl-2 family and caspase family of proteins, which resulted in inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis. Also, we examined whether BV regulates the pro-inflammation and fibrosis related genes against a CCl4induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model. BV suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-. Moreover, BV inhibited expression of TGF-1, smooth muscle actin and fibronectin in CCl4-induced mouse model. These results demonstrate the potential of BV for the prevention of hepatocyte apoptosis and fibrosis induced by TGF-1 in vitro and CCl4-injected in vivo.

Plenary Session II

ATO-068

Apitherapy in the world. present situation and perspectives

Stefan Stangaciu1, Cristina Mateescu2

1 International Federation of Apitherapy, Romania

2 Research and Development Beekeeping Institute, Romania

We appreciate that in the whole world there are at least 10,000 apitherapy practitioners, most of them being beekeepers that has got a short local/regional training in this method. There are also around 1,000 medical doctors that are practicing apitherapy in their private or government own offices/clinics. Some countries, like Korea, Romania, Germany, France, Italy, Slovenia, Serbia, Hungary, Lithuania, Ecuador, United States of America, United Kingdom, Malaysia, China, Japan, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, to cite only a few of these countries, have their own national apitherapy associations/societies that organizes regularly various events like courses, symposia, congresses. Since 2012 it was created in Germany the International Federation of Apitherapy having as main goal to create an international bridge between scientists, apitherapists and beekeepers from all over the world. The perspectives of apitherapy development are very good, due to the late excellent technological communication advancements (Internet, Google, Facebook, PUBMED, etc.). We consider as extremely important that Apimondia

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