Apimondia 2015 Abstract book (South Korea)

Plenary Session

TQO-041

Single-flower honeys as aromatic references for honey wheel

Etienne Bruneau, Marie Warnier, Carine Massaux

CARI, Belgium

Aromatic honey wheel is now use for more than 10 years. To train taster and to see their ability to describe correctly the aromas of honey samples, specific chemical aromas are usually used. Even if this approach is essential, it’s very difficult to find appropriate substances to illustrate certain type of aromas that we can find in honeys. Another approach is to use single-flower honey who present clearly subfamilies and descriptor of the honey wheel. This presentation gives a first descriptive list of single-flower honeys that can be used as references for training tasters and the criteria that must be used to select the samples. A call is made internationally to develop a single-flower honeys organoleptic catalog.

TQO-033

Fast authenticity and quality profiling of honey by NMR spectroscopy

Stephan Schwarzinger1, Felix Brauer2, Bernd Kaempf3, Lucas Koeberle4, Benjamin

Duddenhoefer4, Christopher Igel5, Wolfrat Bachert4, Markus Hessefort4, Paul Roesch1

1 University Bayreuth & ALNuMed GmbH, Germany

2 ALNuMed GmbH

3 FoodQS GmbH

4 University Bayreuth

5 University Bayreuth & ALNuMed GmbH, Germany

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technology that allows rapid verification of quality and authenticity of honey. NMR spectroscopy, which has a dynamic range of five orders of magnitude, permits detection of quantitative molecular finger prints representing ingredients of mixtures down to the mg/kg range. An important advantage of the method is the simple sample preparation involving only dissolution of the analyte. As a result, it is possible to derive a large number of quality parameters from a single NMR measurement in a short measurement lasting only a few minutes. Specifically, we present excellent correlations of NMR spectra with chemical quality parameters such as glucose, fructose, HMF, citric acid, enzyme activity etc., but also with conductivity, color, moisture, and acid number. It is further shown that the moisture should be determined differently for floral honey and for honey-dew honey. In addition, we demonstrate that it is possible to test for authenticity in the same NMR experiment. This is achieved by comparison of an unknown sample with a large reference data base of authentic honey samples. We show that it is possibly to verify the geographic origin of the sample as well as the detection of addition of syrups or bee-feed at concentrations as low as 10 percent.

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TQO-013

Immunological discrimination of honey by honey major protein

Hee-Woong Kim, Deug-Chan Lee, Hae-Ik Rhee

Kangwon national university, Republic of Korea

Honey is the natural sweetener that is gathered and storage, ripen procedure flower nectar, secrete of botanical tissue by honeybee such as Apis cerana or Apis mellifera. Honey is composed by multiple sugars mainly fructose and glucose with aromatic components, organic acid, enzyme and pollen. The Korean honey is classified as two sorts depending upon the honeybee species that produced honey. The major sorts of honeybee are Apis cerana or Apis mellifera. It is known Apis cerana as indigenous strain, Apis mellifera as western strain. The each honey produced separative honeybee strain is sold in different sorts of honey. The physicochemical and morphological difference of two sorts of honey is discriminated with difficultly. Two sorts of honey contain each major proteins (majo r royal jelly protein 1) produced by Apis cerana or Apis mellifera, although these proteins had equivalent primary structure, they showed different molecular weights as 56, 59 kDa. These proteins can be in use marker proteins to discriminate the honeybee species producing honey using SDS-PAGE. Furthermore each purified major protein from two sorts of honey was injected in rats and after repeated immunization. Each antibodies were obtained and verified with Western-blot. Although honey samples used in this study differ geographical variations, storage periods, botanical origins, each antibody was reacted specifically to antigen of honey samples with high affinity. All these results of this study showed ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) with each antibody can be applied for immunological discrimination of honey by different honeybee species.

TQO-016

Production of propolis in accordence with food safety and security with contracted beekeping model

Taylan Samanc1, Asl Elif Sunay2, Mustafa Bayraktar1

1 SBS Scientific Bio Solutions LLC.

2 SBS Scientific Bio Soluions LLC. Turkey

SBS Scientific Bio Solutions LLC is the first and only company so far that works with contracted beekeping model in the world. Many beekeepers in Turkey started production of propolis with contracted beekeeping with us. We work with beekeepers in different regions of Turkey. We have contracted for about 20.000 hives up to now and this number is growing. Our beekeepers are not allowed to use drugs or chemicals during production season. They have to land their hives away from industrial zones, highways or cities. We collect propolis with our own traps. We are able to trace our products back to each beekeeper and even back to each hive. Our beekeepers place propolis traps that we provide on the top of their hives. When the trap is full, they inform us and we collect traps. We test each product for residues of antibiotics, pesticides and heavy metals. We also test the quality parameters and biological activity of propolis.Besides our own lab, we work with stanbul Technical University Food Engineering Department, Intertek and Eurofins. We can also process propolis with different techniques to different forms such as extracts, powder, spissum etc. in a high biological activity.

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Symposium: Beekeeping Techniques

TQO-024

Effects of bee feed patties with different protein ratios on overwintering abilities of honey bee colonies

Devrim Oskay1, Onur Görkem Akyol1, Gizem Sönmez Oskay2

1 Apipark Beekeeping Production Research Consulting Training Breeding Exporting Import Industy Co.

Inc., Turkey

2 Namik Kemal University, Turkey

This study was carried out to determine the effects of 5%, 10%, 15% protein ratio of pollen supplement feeding and none feeding on overwintering ability of honey bee colonies (A. mellifer, A. carnica). Protein source is a trade secret. This study has been performed under winter conditions of Thrace region, Turkey. Total of 38 honey bee colonies, standardized for queen age, genotype, number of frames covered with adult bees, brood areas and food stocks were used in this study. Average overwintering ability of colonies in the 5%, 10%, 15% protein ratio supplement feeding and control groups were found to be 128.57%, 80%, 84%, and 62%, respectively. Differences among the group means for overwintering ability were found significant (P<0.05). The colonies fed with %5 protein ratio pollen supplement showed better wintering ability than colonies fed with 10%, 15% protein ratio pollen supplement and control colonies. Experimental colonies showed a significant (P<0.05) difference in pollen supplement consumption. Average daily pollen supplement consumption of colonies in the 5%, 10%, 15% protein ratio supplement feeding groups were found to be 11,5g, 4,67g, 1,57g respectively. Present results demonstrate that %5 protein ratio can be used in feed patties for feeding colonies in winter season.

TQO-017

All the colonies of any apiary in one compact hive.

Abdelhaleem Esmail

Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt

The present work consists of two parts: 1-Compact two and three queen colony hives: Compact two and three queen colony hives were achieved and evaluated. The two - queen colonies hive divided with two movable frames, with queen excluder to three chambers, each chamber has a separated entrance and the middle chamber provided with sliding cover. The three queen colonies hive is using the same previous hive in addition a third hive was situated and inserted at its center. The following parameters were achieved: weight of queens, royal jelly production, mean yield of honey and brood rearing activity. Evaluation of the three models indicated that three queen colony hive was the best one, followed by two queen colonies, while the lowest records were obtained from one queen colony hive (Langstroth).2-Compact colony hive contains all the colonies. The three queen colonies hive was developed to four queen colonies by adding a fourth hive. The compact colonies were consisted of many units, every unit was consisted of four colonies (four units with sixteen queen colonies were used in the current study). Evaluation of the multiple compact colonies and one queen colony hives indicated that the new design was the better. * Patent No.19457 from Egyptian Patent Office, won the national prize of environmental development.

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TQO-014

Honeybee managment in a climatologically variable environemnt in Jordan

Mohamamd Alrababah, Mohamamd Alhamad, Ahmad Bdour1

JUST, Jordan

Beekeeping is an emerging sector in Jordan mainly centered in Northern Jordan where 75% of bee colonies are located. Beekeeping contributes to the national economy directly and indirectly through crop pollination and biodiversity conservation. Like several beekeeping sectors worldwide, beekeeping in Jordan is threatened by disease outbreak, loss of habitat and exposure to agrochemical. However, Jordan climate is extremely variable which makes beekeeping more chalenging. Given the fact that beekeepers lack appropriate beekeeping management basics, therefore, beekeeper economic return are threatened by this extreme variation. Therefore, this study was conducted to (1) find out the relationship between honey production and variation in seasonal rainfall and temperature regime in northern Jordan for 10 seasons, and (2) to explore the impact of thermal insulation on the productivity of bee colonies. The study was based on collecting weather and honey productivity data to find statistical correlation between them, and (2) conducting field experiment on bee colonies under thermal insulation treatments and compare it to the control colonies. Climatological data showed strong statistical correlation between rainfall and temperature (especially rainfall in November and March) on honey production per colony. The results also showed that the use of thermal insulation in colonies resulted in better colony survival, early brood and bee build-up in the spring and more honey production per colony. The results were discussed and solutions were suggested to resolve constraints of beekeeping. The study also recommended the use of colony thermal insulation for the advancement of beekeeping sector and development.

TQO-006

Effective Vasyl Priyatelenko's three-strorey beehive with unique frames

Vasyl Priyatelenko1, Elena Ilienko1, Victor Fursov2

1 Private Beekeeping Enterprise, Zherdova, Kiev District, Ukraine

2 Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine

THE GOAL OF STUDY: 1) to find and describe peculiarities of natural honeybee nests; 2) to test efficiency of

V.Priyatelenko’s beehive; 3) to test and develop efficient healthy beekeeping technology using V.Priyatelenko’s beehive. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Fifty beehives with 50 bee colonies were used for this study in private apiary near Kiev (Ukraine) during 9 years. RESULTS. Nine years of tests and observations showed us that V.Priyatelenko’s model of beehive is close to natural construction of honeybee nest in a tree hollows. It allows the bee colony to develop in a natural way. Effective V.Priyatelenko’s beehive has characteristics: 1) three movable storeys with a removable stand and roof; 2) shallow bottom body (8 frames) and a deeper central hive body which act as brood chambers (12 frames), and a shallow standard upper “super” for storage of honey (8 frames); 3) total 28 frames; 4) absence of bee space between frames in storeys both below and above the middle box; 5) use of modified Dadant frames with metal ‘n’ cross-section top bars, and wooden end and bottom bars; 6) cross-way positioning of frames to frames in other chamber. Advantages of V.Priyatelenko’s beehive: 1) significant improvement in dynamics of development of honey bee colony; 2) decreased tendency to swarm; 3) increased resistance to diseases; 4) reduced labor costs for apiary management and hive maintenance; 5) increased

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productivity that allows beekeeper to harvest 50-60 kg of honey per season from one super at a static apiary. This beehive provides new efficient beekeeping technology.

TQO-005

The biological potential of bee colonies is the base of the intensive beekeeping

Nadiia Semeniuk, Valerii Semeniuk

Union of Beekeepers of Ukraine, Ukraine

Own experience of beekeeping in the conditions of the middle geographical zone, where bees spend the winter in a state of the bee club, gives you the opportunity to define the rules of intensive beekeeping:-Wintering under the open sky, on its own honey and under thermal comfort when the excess metabolic moisture removed from the bees nest and their colony is insulated as much as possible. Moisture evacuated outside the nest by using a capillary mechanism. -The early revision after the spring fly-around is not fulfilled. When spring warming occurs it is enough verify that the uterus is under the upper insulation. In 40 ... 45 days after the final cleaning flying should immediately proceed to the expansion of bee nest for the spring build-up strength of the family. -Using the twocolonies keeping bees, but with the spatial differentiation of the two bee colonies during the active period of their vital activity. -Annual replacement of the uteruses on the own uteruses at such time, that the bees that will go into winter and will develop a colony in the spring, become sisters by both the mother and father. - Necessarily to carry out the autumn weight gain of the colony to 2...2.5 kg before wintering. Implementation of these rules makes it possible to increase the honey yield in half to two times.

TQO-001

Potential impacts of climate change on managed honey bee colonies in Egypt

Hossam Abou Shaara

Damanhour University, Egypt

There are enormous challenges for managed honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies in the world. Climate change is expected to be the major threat for them in the future. Climate change can impact honey bee colonies negatively and/or positively. Unfortunately, few studies have been done on impacts of climate change on beekeeping. In this research, the possible changes in temperature and some bioclimatic factors in Egypt during near future 2070 were investigated using available datasets. Geographical information system (GIS) was used to perform the study. Potential impacts of climate change on honey bee colonies were then expected. It is expected that thermal stress on honey bee colonies in Egypt will be the major problem for beekeepers especially during summer. No major changes are expected to happen in other bioclimatic factors including precipitation. Beekeepers are advised to harvest honey from their colonies earlier than current time. Some honey bee diseases and pests are not expected to be a great challenge in the near future. For future challenges, studies towards obtaining heat tolerant bees are very essential. Developing suitable methods for protecting honey bee colonies from thermal stress during summer are required.

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Symposium: Residues and Adulteration

TQO-038

Coumaphos in wax and honey

Andreja Kandolf Borovšak, Nataša Lilek

Slovenian Beekeepers' Association, Slovenia

Concern for safety and quality of bee products begins in primary production. Beekeepers do not really have control over what the bees bring to the hives, or their control is very small. However the research shows that honey rarely contains traces of pesticides or other toxic substances, when other bee products contain a little more. Acaricides that beekeepers place into the hive represent a higher risk for bee products safety. One of the greatest threats is coumaphos. Coumaphos can quite unpredictably spread throughout the hive. The more we use coumpahos the more of them stay in bee wax and even honey. Bees transmit wax and with it also coumaphos, if it is present, over the hive. After bee treatment with Ckeckmite is also virgin wax and even caps on honey combs contaminated with coumpahos. We determined the difference in the levels of coumaphos in honey wax depending on how many times they were used. 34 samples of honey and wax of different type of combs (brood chamber combs, virgin comb) were analyzed. Concentration of coumpahos in wax and also honey and honey caps from that wax that honey was harvested were determined. LC-MS/MS was used, LOQ was 0,005 mg/kg for honey and 0,02 mg/kg for wax. Caps on honey from old combs after using Checkmite three times had the highest values of coumaphos (max 102 mg/kg, average 33,37 mg/kg), honey from that combs had in average 0,040 mg/kg coumaphos, max 0,120 mg/kg.

TQO-030

Comparison of transfer of different sulfonamides from contaminated beeswax to honey

Kamila Mitrowska, Maja Antczak

National Veterinary Research Institute, Poland

Sulfonamides are not authorised for the treatment of honey bees in the European Union because there are no Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for these drugs in honey. However, they can be found in honey largely because they are illegally used in apiculture to prevent and control bacterial and protozoan diseases. Moreover, as it has been found, the residues of sulfamethazine can migrate from honey to beeswax and accumulate for long time which can lead to contamination of honey during the next honey season. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the possible transfer of 10 most frequently used sulfonamides (sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfameter, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine and sulfathiazole) from contaminated beeswax to honey. We placed sulfonamide-containing wax foundations in beehives. At 1 month from the start, the frames filled with capped honey were removed from the hives for a first sampling of honey. Next, the honeycombs were further incubated for 6 months in the laboratory at 35 °C and sampled monthly. In the sampled honey, the quantity of sulfonamides was determined by LC-MS/MS and compared to those determined in the sulfonamide-containing wax foundations. The results of this study showed that each of the tested sulfonamide could migrate from beeswax to honey kept in the contaminated combs. However, the highest percentage of transfer from contaminated beeswax to honey was observed for sulfadimethoxine. The project was funded by the National Scoemce Cenre allocated on the basis of the decision number DEC -2011/03/D/NZ7/03767.

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TQO-018

The use of chemical profiling and contemporary data interpretation methods to quantify Manuka honey

John Rawcliffe1, Terry Braggins2, Tony Wright3, Ralf Schlothauer3, Jonathan Stephens3

1 UMFHA, New Zealand

2 Analytica Laboratories

3 Comvita Ltd

Internationally Manuka honey commands a premium price, however, there is a limited supply. This may have led to passing-off of lower-value New Zealand honeys as Manuka. Concern over this has led to the development of a method to differentiate New Zealand Manuka honey using chemical profiling. The UMF Honey Association, in collaboration with Analytica Laboratories and a number of overseas research institutions, have over the last four years researched the use of chemical profiling to quantify Manuka honey for the consumer. The key to this research was understanding the relationship between nectar and honey. The techniques of collecting authentic Manuka nectar from the flower were proposed by Dr Jonathan Stephens and Dr Ralf Schlothauer, while the collection of authentic Manuka honey was commissioned by the UMF Honey Association. The analysis techniques were developed by Dr Terry Braggins of Analytica Laboratories. The relationship between the nectar and the honey has provided the basis from which the use of mass spectrometry technology has identified chemical markers that are characteristic of Manuka honey. The use of statistical tools has provided the mechanisms to quantify the proportion of a New Zealand honey from a Manuka floral source. This body of research will be able to assist in determining provenance, the detection of adulteration, and providing a key to understanding the chemical profile of the honey, so enabling future research.

TQO-010

Sources of contamination of honey with genetically modified material.

Walter Haefeker

EPBA, Germany

GMO-contamination can make it all but impossible to market the bee products in certain markets, because they no longer meet regulatory standards or are rejected by retailers and consumers. The introduction of GMOcultivation creates additional cost for analysis and careful separation of GM and non-GM products in the logistics of the food, feed and seed business. The honey sector is no exception, but the open production system presents many significant additional challenges beyond the control of the individual beekeeper. So far, most of the discussion has revolved around the presence of GMO pollen from GMO crops. But there are several additional sources for GMO cultivation, which have been mostly overlooked. After GMO contamination was found in canola honey of a professional beekeeper in Germany, it was possible to trace the problem back to the commercially available pollen substitute used by the beekeeper. The product tested positive for GMOs in analysis conducted by several independent labs. Many bekeepers have relied on the manufacturer’s false claim that this product is GMOfree. In yet another case of contaminated honey found in Germany, the source is most likely not pollen or pollen substitue, but animal feed containing genetically modified material from soy and maize. This material was actively collected by bees confusing it with pollen. Both cases are not covered by the recent change in the EU honey

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directive. The discussion of GMO-contamination of honey needs to take not just pollen but also pollen substitute and animal feed into account.

TQO-015

Effect of honeybee wax processing on toxic metal content

Ivana Tlak Gajger1, Nina Bilandži2, Marina Kosanovi1, Marija Sedak2

Beeswax as honeybee product is an important ingredient in different kinds of cosmetics or food. Considering biological functions of combs in honeybee colonies it is important to know their contamination. Old combs routinely processed in comb foundations by casting originate from different areas exposed to different kinds and levels of pollution. Heavy metals are pollutants emitted in a continuous manner by various natural sources and anthropological activity and since they are not degraded they are continuously kept present, thus entering the physical and biological cycles. There is very few studies on metal contamination of beeswax and lack of data about the effectiveness of performing casting comb foundations production technology on reducing heavy metal concentrations. At processing beeswax or production of comb foundations during cooling period the few layers of wax are sedimented inside container. To compare the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in different layers beeswax samples were digested using microwave closed system and analyses were conducted by graphite furnaceatomic absorption spectroscopy. Concentrations of examined metals were at average (µg/kg): 58,144; 1,610; 1,195 after resolving and homogenization of combs at superficial layer; 48,043; 1,466; 0,669 after sterilization at middle layer; and 6311,82; 83,99; 9,49 after sedimentation in bottom of the container, respectively. Average value of lead in new produced comb foundation was 114, 73; 2,241; and 0,827, respectively. The obtained results indicate tendency to reduce the toxic metal content in the processed wax and comb foundations as final product contain lowest concentrations and material was used just from superficial layer.

Symposium: Analytical Techniques

TQO-045

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) applied to honey testing: New analytical perspectives.

Eric Jamin

Eurofins, France

Honey has often been the victim of economic adulteration by addition of cheaper extenders such as sugar, or by mislabelling the declared floral or geographical origin. Although a range of analytical techniques are available to ensure compliance with regulatory or trade compositional guidelines, the addition of cheap sugar sources can prove difficult to detect as these closely mimic the composition of the main sugars in honey. The use of pollen analysis is also limited by relative pollen abundance among plant species and possible processing effects. High throughput profiling using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy is now becoming an established and accepted method for the rapid screening of food products to demonstrate their authenticity and detect adulteration.

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This presentation will show how the combination of proton-NMR profiling together with suitable quantification procedures and a robust statistical model built up from a worldwide collection of honey samples is a particularly sensitive method for the detection of exogenous sugar, especially for C3 plant sources. In addition the possibility of identifying country of origin and floral mislabelling will be illustrated through recent findings regarding New-

Zealand and Australia “high-value” honeys.

TQO-004

Identification of subtypes and plant sources of Kangaroo Island propolis through statistical and similarity scoring methods

Douglas Iain King, Colin Charles Duke, Noushin Aminimoghadamfarouj

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

Introduction: Propolis from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, (KI) has previously been shown to be of interest medicinally. At least six reproducible single-plant-source propolis types have been identified from KI so far, as well as mixed propolis samples from these sources. There is broad consensus that plant resins, beyond admixture with beeswax, are not appreciably chemically changed by honeybees to produce propolis. Previously, identification and evaluation of KI propolis samples has been by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and ¹H NMR through visual comparison with results for standard samples. Processes utilising statistical and similarity scoring methods to ¹H NMR spectra have been previously demonstrated to be of use in identifying subtypes, purity and constituent compounds of biological products, including propolis.

Methods and Results: Previous identification of single-plant-source KI propolis samples was confirmed by the statistical method of hierarchical clustering of ¹H NMR spectra of over 400 ethanolic extracts of propolis and plant samples. A novel calculator tool for similarity scoring of ¹H NMR spectra of KI propolis samples to both plant resins and average pure-plant-source propolis types identified was created. An advanced calculator tool for identifying and predicting percentages of single-plant-source propolis types in mixed propolis was also created. Applicability of these methods to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms of propolis samples has also been demonstrated. This suite of statistical and similarity scoring methods of KI propolis is readily applicable to other propolis and resinous plants; and could be of use in identifying plant sources and constituent compounds of propolis samples or extracts.

TQO-031

Monofloral citrus honeys: The use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and volatile composition to use as markers of botanical origin

Gabriela Tamaño1, Ana Bonini2, Eduardo Dellacassa2, Eduardo Boido2, Gloria Daners2,

Laura Fariña2, Vanesa Giudici1, Natalia Muchiutti1, Valeria Leffler3, Ivan Robson1,

Guillermina Fagundez4

1 Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Argentina

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2 Universidad de la Republica, Argentina

3 Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios, Argentina

4 CONICET - UADER

Volatile organic compounds in honey are grouped into different chemical categories and represent a fingerprint. They could be used to differentiate monofloral honeys, providing valuable information concerning their botanical and geographical origin. Argentina and Uruguay are countries producing high quality honeys, from which about 95% is exported to markets where the botanical and geographical origins differentiate the products. Usually, the assessment of honey’s botanical and geographical origin is very complex. Particulary, citrus honeys present a limited number of pollen granules making difficult the interpretation of the results of microscopic analysis.

The volatile compounds of honeys from two vicinal citrus producing regions of both countries were analysed to identify volatile marker compounds specific for citrus honeys. The analysis of their pollen contents allowed to characterize their association with Citrus sp., Echium plantagineum, Eucalyptus sp., Schinus sp., Acicarpha tribuloides and Baccharis sp. The volatile compounds were extracted by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Shimadzu GC-MS 5050), higher concentrations of terpenes (cisand trans-8-hidroxilinalol) furanoids and shikimic acid derivatives (methyl anthranilate) were evidenced. The use of gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) allowed identifying sensory active compounds whose descriptors were associated to pleasant aromas as floral, caramel, spices and others less pleasant, as medical and animal. Finally, NIR was evaluated for the authentication of different honey types previously classified using traditional methods (chemical, pollen, and sensory analysis). Chemometric evaluation of the spectra by applying principal component analysis showed that NIR spectra were closely related, allowing to differentiate the citrus honeys.

TQO-022

Issues about the informational quality of bee products, as evidenced by sensitive crystallization

Cristina Pavel3, Claudia Torok1, Cristina Daniela Cimpean2, Cornel Hotiu1

1 Aisia Cristal

2 Asociatia pentru promovarea Medicinelor Neconventionale Romania

3 Romanian Apitherapy Society, Romania

In this paper we present the synthesis of research results for the period 2006-2014 using the method of sensitive crystallization for qualitative analysis to determine the informational quality of the bee products. It is well known that the growth of crystals results, when the growth is slow, in well defined macro-crystalline forms (e.g. quartz). These forms can allow, in some cases, the identification of the message imprinted in the crystalline growth at the microscopic scale, because the microscopic information can be transmitted to the macroscopic scale. The pure hydrated cupric chloride crystallizes in 100 mm - Petri dishes as very small grains of fine needles, without any dendrite-like shape. The organic additive has an inhibiting effect on the nucleation generation, amplifying the crystal volume few thousand times, the crystals are growing in three concentric circles generated by the radial growth of the dendrites formed from the initial growth point. This phenomenon can be used as well as a morphogenetic qualitative method for analyzing the biological quality of the added additive. Unlike othe r qualitative methods, sensitive crystallization illustrates the action of external factors on informational energy matrix of bee products and foods. This method is able to show influence of various factors on quality of bee products. The fine differences between samples of honey, bee-pollen, royal jelly may be measured and evidenced as informational quality. Sensitive crystallization method has already become a useful tool in the api-quality, serving both producers and consumers and adds the informational dimension to api-quality.

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