Apimondia 2015 Abstract book (South Korea)
.pdf4 Institut du Liebefeld
5 Slovak Academy of Sciences
Reports forecast a pessimistic future for pollinators. Domestic bees have been subject to much research into a broad range of complex wellbeing issues, but this has failed to lead to the development of concrete solutions for beekeepers. Up to today, research and methodologies deployed against new challenges (such as use of pesticides, virus prevalence and other pathogens, climate and flora changes) have focused on evaluating and attempting to separately prevent and fight each factor. To date researches have focused on identifying and quantifying the presence of stress agents, instead of focusing on their impact on the colonies. The aim of the HematoBeeTest® project is to address these limitations by establishing robust, effective and sensitive technologies for profiling & deciphering bee immunity with regards to the host-pathogen interactions. The objective is to deliver practical applications for monitoring bee immunity for an integrated and adapted health management. The analyses of bee hemolymph by mass spectrometry (MS) resulted in visually different molecular profiles, in function of the bees’ infectious conditions. These differences were confirmed by statistical comparison of MS profiles by PCA. Briefly, we demonstrated that virus-infected bees samples, with or without Varroa co-infection, ended up in a cluster of their own inside the overall Varroa cluster. This strongly supports the robustness of our monitoring approach in the case of co-infections, its potential as a plausible strategy to monitor honeybees’ health, and a mean for a better understanding of the molecular immune response of this social insect, in the context of experimental/natural infections.
BHO-008
Appropriate linoleic acid supplemental level in larvae diet of Apis mellifera lingustica
Zhen-guo Liu, Sheng-wei Wang, Bao-hua Xu
Shandong Agricultural University, China
To study the appropriate linoleic acid levels in larvae dietetic supplementary of Apis mellifera ligustica, total of 1152 larvae were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 192 replicates in each treatment, added linoleic acid (0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% and 0.1%, 0% as control) for 7 days. One-way ANOVA and Duncan t-test methods plugin SAS software 9.1v were used to evaluate treatment effects. 1) The 0.1% supplementary reduced the percentage of pupation (P<0.05). 2) The 0.04% supplementary significantly increased the total protein concentration of 5- day-old larvae (P<0.05) , when the pupation occurred at 7-day-old, 0.1% supplementary significantly increased the pupae protein content (P<0.05) . 3) The 0.02% supplementary had significant suppressed effects on the activity of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) (P<0.05), whereas 0.08% supplementary had stimulating effects on the activity of PPAR and PPAR at 6-day-old. 4) The linoleic level at 0.04% and 0.08% improved the activity of fatty acid syntheses (FAS) of polypide at 6-day-old (P<0.05). Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) protein content of polypide at 5-day-old was improved by 0.08% linoleic (P<0.05) and ACC protein content of polypide at 6-day-old was improved by 0.06% and 0.1% linoleic (P<0.05). 5) Different level linoleic had no effect on the expression of FAS and ACC (P>0.05). According to the curve fitting results of the percentage of pupation and protein concentration, it is concluded that the appropriate linoleic additive level in A. m. ligustica worker larvae diet are 0.024% to 0.037%.
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Pollination and Bee Flora
Prof. Dr. Koos Biesmeijer, President of PB Commission
Scientific Director, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, The Netherlands koos.biesmeijer@naturalis.nl
Dr. Sea-hyun Kim, President of Local PB Commission
Korea Forest Research Institute, KFRI, Republic of Korea goldtree@korea.kr
Mission
Promote apicultural scientific, technical and economic development.
The role of bees as necessary pollinators for agricultural crops and natural flora.
The importance of plants as food sources, mainly for pollen and nectar, for bees.
Symposium: Pollination I
PBO-047
Drivers of pollinator health in the United States
Dennis VanEngelsdorp
University of Maryland, Department of Entomology, USA
High levels of colony losses have been documented in the US over the last decade. While winter losses seem to be decreasing, summer losses have been increasing, with losses in summer exceeding winter losses for the first time in 2014-2015. A worrying trend considering summer traditionally is viewed as the “stress free” time for honey bees. Generally, the three major drivers of honey bee losses are thought to be Varroa mites, pesticides and poor nutrition. Here we will try evaluate the evidence for these drivers by presenting the results of 5 years of loss, management, and national honey bee disease surveys in the USA. While this talk will focus on honey bees, evidence for shifting populations of native bees in the US will also be considered, as will the factors that are most likely to drive these non-apis bee pollinators as well.
PBO-012
Flower resource utilization and seasonal growth of Japanese honeybee colonies in a SATOYAMA landscape in northern Japan.
Ayumi Fujiwara1, Takehito Yoshida1, Izumi Washitani2
1 The University of Tokyo
2 Chuo University, Japan
Like other honey bee species, Japanese honeybee (Apis cerana japonica) is thought to contribute to a number of important ecosystem services including pollination of wild and crop plants and honey production. In order to evaluate potential services provided by wild Japanese honey bee in a traditional rural landscape “Satoyama” qualitatively and quantitatively, we investigated floral resource utilization, and growth and honey accumulation in breeding colonies during April-September 2012 in a Satoyama landscape of Ichinoseki in Iwate Prefecture, northern Japan. Floral resource utilization by bees, which, in turn, suggests potential pollination for flowering plants, was studied by using two techniques: periodical route-census survey for bee visitation on flowers and analysis of pollen collected with a special type of pollen traps at the entrances of the colony nest. The colonies were periodically inspected for brood size area and honey storage area. Utilization of a total 61 foraging plant species is ascertained by either of two techniques. In April to May, corresponding to the major flowering season of forests, utilization of 33 tree species was identified only by the pollen analysis. During summer and autumn seasons, pollen of crop or herbaceous flowers of open habitats were mainly foraged. The inspected colonies steadily grew from June to September while halted the growth during July to August probably due to shortage of flower resources. Our results suggest that pollen analysis is more appropriate for evaluation of seasonal flower utilization by the bees, especially when the major foraging habitat is the canopy layer of forests.
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PBO-003
Assessment of the floristic, nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of west-African honeybee “stored” pollen
Caroline Akachuku
Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria
The study examined the floristic, nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of stored pollen pellets of Apis mellifera adansonii (West African Honeybee species) in rainforest and mangrove ecological zones of Nigeria. Stored pollen pellets extracted from honeycombs of randomly selected Kenya-top –bar hives within each of the ecological zones were analyzed in the laboratory using appropriate procedures. Variations occurred in weight within hive and between ecological zones with an average weight of 0.10g and 0.06g per hexagonal cell in rainforest and mangrove zones respectively. The result of the pollen count also showed that variation occurred in flora composition and frequency occurrence of each plant pollen. The rainforest zone recorded an average of 6 flora per pollen pellet and frequency of occurrence ranging from 1 to 2728. While mangrove zone recorded 5 at a frequency range of 1 to 2633. The common occurrence of some species such as Mimosa pudica, Citrus species, Elaeis guinensis in both zones indicates the flora richness of the two vegetation zones and species preference by honeybees. The stored pollen pellets were also found to be rich in nutrients such as protein (19.22 and 18.9%) carbohydrate (45.11 and 41.97%) in rainforest and mangrove zones respectively. They also contained macro and micro elements, vitamins and phytochemicals in various amounts. The identification of honeybee flora through pollen analysis could create awareness for their conservation. Pollen pellets also serve as good source of food supplements.
PBO-004
Pollination and Bee Flora
Kodjo Logou Agossou
Organisation pour la Promotion des Arts Apicole et Sylvicole (OPAAS), Togo
Flora ecosystem keeps his balance countless dependency relationships between its species. Also, the survival of each is she to seek with equal acuity. Now, such a perpetuation for living beings derives its efficiency from the regular recombination of genetic material disseminated in the subjects of different races and subspecies in the case of a species. And now in higher plants phanerogams this combination occurs most often on a large scale during the natural cross-pollination highly entomogamme especially Apidea. So the pollination efficiency of its species resulting stability of flora, a prerequisite for the conservation or regeneration of a large plant diversity guarantor itself does it report; regeneration of animal diversity because of the realities of the food chain. This is why the bees are to protect because when flowering of a species, usually grouped in one area, these small creatures roam many specimens in the space of a short time, dragging and interchanging pollen on very often ephemeral female organs nectar carrier. Observations show that honey is made of more or less grouped succession of flowering mass of various species and the honey take turns from one territory to another; beekeepers from all backgrounds should stick together and exchange their expertise to effectively contribute to the perpetuation of the pollination of plants for the survival of the global ecosystem.
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PBO-005
The melliferous resourses of the Russia and a new criterion of the regions’ melliferous value
Vladimir Kulakov
National Guild of Beekeepers, Moscow, Russia
The author proposes a model for evaluating potential honey reserves. We have calculated the potential reserves of honey from all melliferous lands and showed that in Russia 99% of potential honey reserves are produced by 26 types of melliferous lands: 13 natural and 13 cultivated. The potential honey reserves are: Linden tree–1994 thousand tonnes, Willow-703, Maple trees-68, Acacia White-24, Chestnut tree–2.4, Other shrublands-323, Felling, slash areas, sparse forests-2542, Underbrush and grass of coniferous forests-1660, Underbrush and grass of broadleaf forests-403, Marshlands-1530, Pastures-273, Meadows-168, Gullies–4.4, Sunflower-266, Alfalfa-195, Clover-185, Sainfoin-174, Other perennial grasses-529, Buckwheat-91, Colza-46, Mustard–8.7, Coriander–1.7, Melliferous plants among sowings of cereals-124, Fruit and berry–18, Set-aside lands-206, Melons–1.6. We have shown that melliferous resources of entomophilous plants in Russia allow to keep 26-30 millions bee colonies and annually produce 380-450 million kg of commercial honey. 2. Traditionally, the region’s melliferous value is determined by the volume of potential honey reserves V=S*M, where S - area of melliferous land, M - honey productivity per unit of area. With the same honey reserves, the region with the higher melliferous productivity has greater value. We have proposed a new criterial coefficient K: K=S*M^3=V*M^2. The higher the value "K", the more valuable melliferous base of the region is. This coefficient allows to more objectively rank the regions by the melliferous value.
PBO-002
Role of honeybee (Apis mellifera) on the yield and yield contributing characteristics of rapeseed (mustard) variety BARI Sarisha-14
Rabiul Islam
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh
The experiment was conducted in the field of Oilseed Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Joydebpur, Gazipur during rabi season 2013-14.This investigation consists of the experiment i.e. impact of honeybee (Apis mellifera) pollination on the yield and yield components of rapeseed Variety BARI Sarisha-14. In bee pollinated (BP) plants the number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, weight of 1000 seeds
(g) and yield/ ha were 16.38%, 20.18.79% , 6.75% and 14.27% higher than naturally pollinated (NP) plants respectively. Without pollinators the number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, weight of 1000 seeds (g) and yield/ ha were 19.38%, 37.05% , 8.10% and 32.63% lower than naturally pollinated (NP) plants respectively. Bee pollination is most effective and cheaper device for seed production rapeseed and mustard.
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Symposium: Pollination II
PBO-007
Pollination of tomatoes by the stingless bee, Tetragonula irridipenis, Chikmagalore, India
M.S. Reddy, Nethra S.
Centre for Apiculture Studies, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru560056, India
The pollination effectiveness of the stingless bee, Tetragonula irridipennis was undertaken in tomato plots at Chikmagalore, Karnataka India during 2013-15. The experiment was conducted in six greenhouses as well as in an open plot. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were exposed to visits by T.irridipennis in four greenhouses, in another two greenhouses without bees (control) and an open field plot was exposed to pollinators an area where both stingless bee colonies and other insect pollinators are abundant. We have estimated the number of tomatoes produced in each of the experimental plots. Hundred tomatoes from each plot were weighed, their transversal and vertical circumference, were measured and the seeds were also counted. The data pertaining to number of fruits, size and seed sets were collected and analyzed. The results showed that, the mean transverse circumference of tomatoes in control, open plot and greenhouse was 14.16, 16.32 and 16.65 cm, vertical circumference was 16.90, 18.98 and 19.52 cm and weight was 83.83, 100.23 and 105.18 respectively. Further, the number of seeds of tomatoes were 77.75, 123.07 and 138.68 in control, open and greenhouse plots respectively. The results showed that, the stingless bee, T.irridipennis was significantly more efficient than control and other insects pollinating tomatoes.
PBO-008
Diversity and abundance of pollinating insects on cucumber and bittergourd flowers and their impact on quality and quantity of crop production
Dharam Pal Abrol1, Ngawang Dorjay2
1 Division of Entomology,Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology -Jammu, 180009 (J&K),India
2 Division of Entomology, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Faculty of
Agriculture, Chatha Jammu –180009, J&K, India
Studies on diversity and abundance of pollinator fauna on cucumber and Bittergourd revealed that honeybees were the most predominant and comprised more than 74 per cent of and 69 per cent the total flower visiting insects. There abundance was in the order Apis mellifera > A. cerana > A.dorsata > A. florea. The other important insects visiting cucumber flower were Xylocopa fenestrata, X. pubescens , Pithitus smaragdula, Halictus spp,
Lasioglosium spp. , Anthophora spp. and Andrena spp. which collected nectar and pollen and constituted important pollinators of cucurbits. Observation on diurnal pattern of flower visiting insects revealed that in case of Cucumber, maximum population of A.mellifera was observed between 0900 – 1000h when relative humidity was 76 per cent, temperature 340c, nectar sugar concentration 34.5 per cent, solar radiation 36 mW/cm2 and light intensity 40 lx.
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Another peak was observed in the evening between 1600 – 1700 h when the relative humidity was 68 per cent, temperature 36 0c, nectar sugar concentration 36 per cent, solar radiation 42mW/cm2 and light intensity 28 lx. A similar pattern was observed in Bittergourd also. Studies on seasonal pattern revealed that insect visitation increased during different weeks commencing from Ist week to 9th week and declined thereafter. The studies revealed that percentage fruit set was significantly higher (84.14%) in bee pollinated followed by hand (76%) and open pollination (74.76%). In case of treatments, where insecticides were used, all the treatments were superior over control.
PBO-027
Colony multiplication and management of stingless bees to provide crop pollination services
Cristiano Menezes1, Kátia Braga1, Marcelo Poletti2, Ayrton Vollet-Neto3, Kátia Aleixo2,
Ariany Rossi2, Maurício Castro2, Fernando Quenzer2
1 Embrapa, Brazil
2PROMIP 3 USP
Stingless bees have been studied as alternative pollinators of several crops in tropical and subtropical areas, such as tomato, strawberry, macadamia, coffee and assai berry. Although they are efficient pollinators of around 30 crops, management techniques and multiplication methods still require improvements to attend the demand of growers. In the last decade, we have studied several aspects of basic biology and management of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona depilis, which allowed us to start a colony production system in Brazil. A technique to produce large number of in vitro queens has been developed; queen mating has been successfully managed; an artificial diet for replacing nectar and pollen has been achieved; and incubation techniques have been improved to produce colonies under laboratory conditions. The production system still require improvements to increase productivity, but nowadays from 300 mother colonies, we are able to produce around 40 new colonies per month. We have also studied the management of this species at strawberry crops and developed techniques to transport and protect colonies from environment stress. These techniques are now being tested in other crops such as macadamia, lychee and coffee. We have also studied the toxicity of the main pesticides used at strawberry crops under laboratory conditions (LD50). We will start now semi-field experiments to know the sub-lethal effects of these chemicals. The advances achieved so far allow us to establish a production system of stingless bee colonies and also an instruction guide to offer colonies for pollination services to growers.
PBO-010
Differentiation of Omani acacia (Acacia tortilis) and white acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) honeys using botanical and physicochemical analysis
Aliya Sajwani1, Sardar Farooq2, Elsadig Eltayeb2
1 Ministry of Education (formal) / Sultan Qaboos University (informal), Oman
2 Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
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In the market, two types of Acacia honeys are available i.e. ‘Acacia honey’ produced from the nectar of Acacia sp. and ‘white acacia’ honey produced from Robinia pseudoacaia flowers. In fact Robinia honey is a false acacia honey and confuses the consumers because of the commercial name ‘Acacia honey’. In Oman, bees produce true
Acacia honey in summer from a native wild plant Acacia tortilis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate, characterize and differentiate Omani Acacia honey from Robinia honey. The analysis was carried out on 80 Omani Acacia honey samples and 14 imported (European) Robinia honeys. Studies on pollen concentration showed that 64% of the Omani Acacia and 79% of Robinia are classified within the Group II. This indicates that they are produced from normal floral source. The following physicochemical properties of Acacia and Robinia honeys were studied: pH, moisture content, free acidity, electrical conductivity (EC), diastase and invertase activities were analyzed. The results indicate that the values are within the permitted specifications except for EC and free acidity in Acacia honeys, which are higher than Robinia honeys. The EC of Acacia honeys were found to correlate significantly and positively with pH, moisture content, free acidity, diastase and invertase activities. This may point out the influence of these parameters in enhancing the EC of this honey and indicate the richness of Acacia honey with mineral and organic acid contents. This study emphasizes on a serious need to construct database and standards for the honeys from Arabian Peninsula region.
PBO-017
The status of bee pollination on oilseed rape in China
Pinpin Hu, Lihong Chen, Jie Wu, Jianmei Wang
Apiculture Science Association of China, West of Wofosi, Haidian District, Beiijing 100093, China
As a kind of annual or biennial herbaceous plant, oilseed rape is an important crop, as well as the main nectar plant during the winter and spring time of Southern China, and the summer time of Northern China. Bee pollination applied in vegetables, fruit trees, pasture and other green house crops or field crops to increase production has been approved in and out of China. Chinese scientists has conducted multiple tests in different areas of China on different types of bees for years, and the results sho w that bee pollination can increase the amount of pollinated seeds, seeds output and the average oil extraction rate. At present, bee pollination on oilseeds rape has been applied widely in China. (Supported by projects MOA.2130315 and No.2130135, CAAS-ASTIP-2015-IAR)
PBO-006
Melissopalynology of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Hetrotrigona itama) at Taman Tropika Kenyir (TTK), Terengganu
Roziah Ghazi1, wahizatul afzan azmi2, mohd Fahimee jaapar3, Norul Badriah Hassan4
1 Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
2 Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
3 Mardi
4 USM
A study on melissopalynology of Heterotrigona itama was conducted in a Taman Tropika Kenyir (TTK), Terengganu from April until September 2013. The objective of this study was to identify pollen grains species
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collected by H. itama foragers at TTK. In this study, 360 H. itama foragers were collected throughout study period. A total of 59 plants species were visited by H. itama. However, only 27 plant species belonging to 24 families were successfully identified which include of native species, ruderal species that consist of ornamental trees, underutilised trees, and agriculture crops. The overall result shows that Flacourtia jangomas was the highest pollens collected by H. itama followed by Lithocarpus sp, and Mimusops elengi. There were significant differences in total species of pollens and total abundance of pollens collected by Heterotrigona itama in different months (F5,35 pollen species =11.710, P < 0.05), (F5,354 pollen abundances=17.939, P < 0.05). May and June collected lower of pollen types compared to other months, however May and June collected the highest abundance of pollen. It means that total abundance of pollens collected by H. itama did not depend on the total types of pollens collected. This finding also shows that H. itama is a flexible pollinator in which they could collect small pollens and larger size of pollens. Outcomes from this are important in order to understand which plants are utilized as a food for H. itama which provides information needed in bee management and sustainability of meliponinie culture industry for tropical regions.
PBO-035
Researching pollination effect of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) on almond
Gökhan Akdeniz1, Ajlan Ylmaz2, Ahmet Güler3, Yeim Okay4, Ahmet Kuvanc1, eref Cnbrtolu1, Cem Bilim2, Izzet Açar5
1 Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Apiculture Research Institute, Turkey 2 Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Pistachio Research Institute
3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University 4 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University
5 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Turkey
Developed countries in agriculture have attached much importance to optimum level of pollination in plants. Although Turkey has a great potential of beekeeping with the presence of about 6 million colonies, honeybees are not being used widely and deliberately in pollination. Therefore, an economic loss hundreds of times more than the revenue generated by the bee products comes into question. The aim in fruit cultivation is to get plenty and quality products. An important way to ensure this is that pollination and fertilization can occur in a healthy way. This study has examined the effects of honeybees over the yield and quality components on almond plant. Three different points were determined from the beginning, middle and end of the experiment field, and 6 Ferranges tree and 6 Ferredual tree which had the same characteristics were chosen from each point. 3 trees from each determi ned points were taken into a cage covered with netting that had pores with the parameters of 3.8 mm x 3.8 mm 1 week before blossoming. It was determined that the honeybees heavily visited the almond flowers and that they carried a great deal of pollen from these plants. It was found that the honeybees are completely effective on the fruit set and yield.
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Symposium: Pollination III
PBO-046
Effects of stingless bees, Heterotrigiona Itama (Apidae: Meliponinae) pollination on greenhouse rock melon (Cucumis melo var. glamour)
Wahizatul Afzan Azmi
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Rock melon (Cucumis melo var. glamour) is one of the important cultivated crops in Malaysia and is a source of income for hundreds of Malaysian farmers. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of stingless bees, Heterotrigona itama pollination on greenhouse rock melon. There were three types of pollination treatments - hand cross pollination, pollination without stingless bee and pollination by stingless bees, H. itama. The results showed that the rock melon benefits from pollination by stingless bees where the produced fruits were significantly larger, heavier, containing a greater sweetness and more thickness of flesh than pollination without stingless bees. The results also showed that the effects of stingless bees, H. itama on the quality of fruits were similar to the effects that showed on the fruits produced from hand cross pollination. Thus, it is hoped that the current study will throw some light on the stingless bees contribution to enhance crop productions and increase the income of local rock melon farmers.
PBO-013
A pollination method for using bumblebees in onion (Allium cepa L.) seed production
Kyeong Yong Lee1, In Sik Hwangbo2, Young Bo Lee1, Hyung Joo Yoon1
1 National Academy of Agricultyral Science, Republic of Korea
2 Haenam Agricultural Technology Center, Republic of Korea
Recently, the flies are used to pollinate onion for seed production in Korea. However, the use of flies for pollination has caused complaints by local residents in onion seed production owing to sanitation issues and smell. Therefore, we studied the effects of pollination with bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) and flies (e.g., houseflies, flesh flies, blue bottle flies and blowflies) in small net (1.8m×2.3m×1.8m) for onion seed production. Although the number of flies was about 70 times than number of bumblebee workers, flies and bumblebees showed equivalent pollination efficiency. Therefore, pollination by B. terrestris can be used as an alternative approach in seed production of onion. An analysis of the most appropriate colony of B. terrestris for seed production of onion in small net showed that colony composed of fifty to eighty workers per small net was the most efficient level. When early maturing onion cultivars 'Salad-5', and 'Yeonsinwhang', and mid-late maturing onion cultivar 'Colossus' were pollinated by B. terrestris and files in small net, B. terrestris showed rather efficient pollination efficiency than flies or was equivalent to flies. In addition, B. terrestris were not affected, but flies were affected by pollinating effects of different onion cultivars.
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