Apimondia 2015 Abstract book (South Korea)

PBO-022

Bombiculture in India: Present status and future prospects

RajKumar Thakur1, Lokender Kashyap2, Avinash Chauhan3

1 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

2 Lovely University Punhab, India

3 Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan HP, India 173230

Biodiversity and its conservation are nowadays vital emerging issues of international concern around the world. Over the past decade, the international community has increasingly recognized the importance of pollinators as an element of agricultural diversity. Many insects such as honey bees, bumble bees, and solitary bees are in commercial use for pollination. In India very little attention was paid in respect of their biology, nest architecture, nesting habitat, domestication of bumble bee colonies artificially and utilization of laboratory reared bumble bees in pollination of crops till beginning of this century when the research efforts commenced. Study of nest architecture was made during different years from 2000 to 2015 and natural bumble bees nests were located in the abandoned rodents nests sites consisting of dried leaves, grass and rotten wood. An attempt was made to rear over wintered queens of bumble bees in artificial domicile under laboratory conditions. Overwintered bumble bee queens were captured and held in domiciles of different dimensions at different temperatures and at 65-85% RH. Bumblebee floral calendar was prepared which facilitated the easy capturing of fecundated queens during onset of the spring. Bumble bees were found foraging on various horticulture, vegetable, medicinal and wild plants. Studies were conducted on mating behaviour and developmental period and utilization under polyhouse coditions. Due to increasing acreage of poly house cultivation in India, there is immense potential for Bombiculture and utilization of bumble bees as pollinating agents effectively as more and more crops are being grown as off season crops.

PBO-021

Can differences in pollinator communities and consequent crop pollination deficits be detected?

Damayanti Buchori1, Akhmad Rizali2, Anik Larasati1, Purnama Hidayat1, Hien Ngo3,

Barbara Herren4

1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia 2 Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia

3 IPBES Secretariat, UN Campus

4 Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations

Habitat conversion in urban area, mainly from remaining natural habitat as well as agricultural land to housing area cause declining ecosystem services such as pollination services for crop plants in agricultural landscapes. In addition, monoculture system and agricultural intensification with high intensity of pesticide application are the most important factors for pollinator decline. In this research, we investigated the pollination pattern in agricultural landscape to get evidence about pollinatio n decline in the tropic. Ecological observation was conducted in agricultural area of Bogor, Indonesia which was classified into two different groups i.e. agricultural area near (less than 200m) and far (more than 1000m) from natural habitat. Pollinator insects were observed in cucumber field during flowering season. We found that the density of pollinators significantly higher in agricultural area that located far from natural habitat. Crop fields near natural habitat, have similar pollinator diversity than far from

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natural habitat. Our findings suggest that tropical landscape with a lot of patchy natural habitat obscure the density and diversity of pollinators. It will need to more investigation to get information about pollinator decline with considering the quantity of natural habitat in agricultural landscape.

PBO-025

Morphological, organoleptical and starch analysis of the pollen grains collected in ardahan region by honey bees

Deniz Canli1, Kadriye Sorkun2

1 Turkish Association of Beekeepers, Turkey

2 Hacettepe University, Turkey

The pollen samples used in this research were collected from 6 different districts of Ardahan in 2010 and 2011 (from May to September). Microscopic analyses of the pollen samples were carried out. However, organoleptical and starch content analyses were done on the pollen samples of at least 5 grams.

As a result of microscopic analysis, 37.05% of pollen samples were determined as Fabaceae. The most detected taxa, after Fabaceae, belong to Cistaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Dipsacaceae, Boraginaceae and Brassicaceae. Organoleptical analysis showed that 40% of pollen samples got the best point whereas 16% got the worst point in respect of odour. When the samples were examined in terms of taste, 8% got the best while 4% got the worst point. Trifolium spp. and Liliaceae family received 4 full points in terms of both taste and odour and ranked at the top, as well as Solanaceae and Poaceae families ranked at the bottom with 1 – 2 grades. It was observed that 24% of pollen samples were in shades of orange, 20% in shades of brown, 16% in shades of yellow and 16% in shades of green. Beside these, pollens in shades of purple, dark red, beige and black were also determined. According to the starch analysis, it was found that 72% of the taxa did not contain any starch granules whereas Cistaceae, Pyrus spp., Poaceae, Epilobium spp. and Rosaceae taxa contain starch. In addition to all, some species of Fabaceae and Dipsacaceae contained starch, while others did not.

PBO-023

Native bees of Mt. Banahaw-San Cristobal protected landscape, Philippines

Amalia Almazol, Cecilia Gascon, Ronald Garcia, Maynard Vitoriano, Elloida Esclanda

Southern Luzon State University, Philippines

The study was conducted to determine the native species of bees in Mt. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape. The study used Descriptive method of research. Combination of transect, quadrats and opportunistic sampling were employed. GPS was used to determine the specific locations of bee nests. Results of the study revealed that native bees were belonging to different families such as Apidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae and Trigonidae. Bees are found most from 500 meters above sea level (masl) to 1000 meters above sea level (masl). The affinity of bees to food sources may have influence the distribution of bee nests which appeared to be clustered.

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Symposium: Pollination IV

PBO-024

Comparative productivity of common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) from different ecologic-geographical zones

Anatolii Savin

FSBSI “RI of Beekeeping”, Russia

Introduction. Common evening primrose is a plant of the willowherb family. In the first year it forms the root rosette from leaves and an incrassate taproot up to 3-5 cm thick and 25-40 cm or more long. In the second year a direct non-branchy stem grows up to 100-180 cm high. Flowers are large and yellow, actinomorphic, having 4 petals, free. They have 8 stamens and 1 pistil, the stigma is quadrifid. The fruit is an elongate, cylindrical, quadrivalve seed case. The seeds are ungeometrical, small, sized up to 1 -2 mm and bare. Research Methodology. We had our investigations at the experiment field of FSBSI "RI of Beekeeping" in 2012-2014 on gray forest loamy soil. We have determined sugar in the flower nectar with the help of a washing method and estimated in the lab by the method of chemical analysis by Gagendorn-Jensen. We have studied 3 types of the primrose gathered in different ecologic-geographical zones: southern, central and western. Research Results. All ecotypes are characterized by: - long flowering period: central - 57, southern – 62, western – 75 days; - high content of sugar in one plant: central – 10.55, southern – 15.1, western – 31.2 mgr; - honey productivity: central – 196.2, southern

– 478.3, western – 979.3 kg/he. Thus, the most valuable plants for beekeepers are common evening primrose types having southern and western ecologicgeographical origins.

PBO-051

The effect of climate change on the predicted spring emergence of Osmia cornifrons Radoszkowski in Korea, China and Japan

Shubao Geng, Chuleui Jung

Andong National University, Republic of Korea

The Japanese hornfaced bee, Osmia cornifrons Radoszkowski (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), which overwinter as diapausing adult in cocoon, is an important pollinator of apple, blueberry and lettuce in China, Japan, Korea and United States. The synchronization of spring emergence of O. cornifrons with apple blossom is critical for successful pollination. In present study, we predicted spring emergence of O. cornifrons in Korea, China and Japan based on the degree day model using a two-parameter Weibull function in 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, 2060, and 2080, with temperature prediction of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5 climate scenario. The predicted average temperature increases 1.8, 2.75 and 1.17, and 4.94, 5.51 and 5.48 in Korea, China and Japan from 2020 to 2080 under RCP 2.6 and 8.5. The predicted average emergence dates of O.cornifrons were not significant different under RCP 2.6 scenario, while those were significant different under RCP8.5 scenario. Compared to 2020, the emergence Julian dates in Korea, China and Japan were predicted to occur 10.7, 24.3 and

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14.5 days, 10, 4.3 and15.5 days, and 27, 40.8 and 25 days earlier in 2050, 2060 and 2080, respectively, under RCP 8.5 scenario. Our predictions could help to develop the pollination strategy under the climate change conditions.

PBO-026

Thuringer mallow as a perspective honey plant of Russia

Yurii Dokukin

FSBSI “RI of Beekeeping”, Russia

Thuringer mallow (Lavatera thuringiaca L.) is a perennial plant of the malvaceous family (Malvaceae). It is widely spread in the European part of Russia, Siberia. Growing in light forests, in weedy grounds and on dry slopes it forms powerful bushes up to 1.5 m. This is a multi-purpose plant can be used both in cattle breeding and beekeeping. The value of lavatera for beekeeping is in long flowering. Bees gather not only nectar but whitish pollen as well. We had our investigations at the experiment field of FSBSI "RI of Beekeeping" in 2012-2014 on gray forest loamy soil. It was the 2011 pre-winter sowing. In central Russia Thuringer mallow in a case of prewinter sowing flowers in the first year at the end of July and at the end of June next years. The flowering period is about two months. This plant is responsive to mineral fertilizers. On the average during 3 years the sugar in the flower nectar has varied from 1.59 to 2.06 mgr depending on mineral fertilizers doses. The nectar productivity has been from 125 to 231 kg/ha (sugar in nectar). Bees visit the flowers well. Their number has been from 92 to 144 bees/100 m2 per one observation. Thus, Thuringer mallow is a valuable nectariand polliniferous plant for beekeeping with a long flowering period.

PBO-009

Pollen distribution of Apis mellifera in the east coast of peninsular Malaysia.

Shamsul Bahri Abd Razak, Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman

University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

Terengganu which is situated in the the North-Eastern part of Peninsular Malaysia has a combination of coastal vegetation that line the beaches and lush tropical rainforest (secondary and virgin forest) further mainland. Melaleuca cajuputi and Acacia mangium dominate the coastal area. Apiculture activities of Apis mellifera by locals and small-scale enterprises can be found in both areas with different success rate, sustainability and honey production. A study on pollen distribution from two sampling sites that represented different geographical locations (coastal area and rainforest vegetation) was initiated. The two sampling sites which are Sekayu - a reserve forest surrounded by secondary and virgin tropical jungle whereas Marang is surrounded by Melaleuca and Acacia vegetation, 4 km from the coastal area. The study was to establish the annual bee foraging calendar from both locations. Results showed in Sekayu, pollen from Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) was a dominant flower frequently visited by Apis mellifera. Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) was the second preferred flower. In Marang has a mix flower preference by A. mellifera where in the first quarter of the year Elaies guineensis was the dominant flower. This trend and preference gradually changed with Acacia sp., Cocos nucifera and in the fourth quarter of the year Melaleuca sp. during its full bloom became the preferred one.

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PBO-042

National assessment of native pollinator abundance: status, trends, and impact in the United States.

Insu Koh1, Eric Lonsdorf2, Neal Williams3, Claire Brittain3, Rufus Isaacs4,

Jasson Gibbs4, Taylor Ricketts1

1 University of Vermont, USA

2 Frank & Marshall College, USA

3University of California, Davis, USA 4 Michigan State University, USA

Native bees are important pollinators and provide efficient pollination services for many crops. Their populations are largely determined by the spatial distribution of nesting and floral resources. While most studies of native bee population occur at landscape or farm scales, the White House has recently called for a national assessment of native pollinators. Such an assessment can point to general trends and identify spatial priorities for research and conservation but it will be challenging because of increased uncertainty in the evaluation of habitat resources. We evaluated resource availability and its uncertainty for representative land-uses from croplands to natural areas using expert knowledge. We then used a spatially explicit pollination model that predicts relative pollinator abundance based on a distance-weighted measure of foraging resources. Using 2008 and 2013 National Cropland Data Layers we mapped native pollinator abundance and its uncertainty. We found both abundance and uncertainty increased mostly in eastern forested regions and desert shrub lands. Abundance decreased largely where dramatic land-use changes occurred in U.S. Corn Belts. We identified 244 counties that have 45% of the U.S. pollinator dependent crop area had relatively low native pollinator abundance but relatively high pollination demand. Lastly, we identified crops that are highly dependent on pollination such as pumpkins, blueberries, and watermelons that have experienced in the decline of pollinator supply compared with the increase of demand for the five years. These results and approaches will help to inform management and policy decisions for native bees at the national level.

PBO-011

The importance of pollination on pomiculture and its effects on yield and quality

Turan Karadeniz

Ordu University, Turkey

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are considered as important pollinators of fruit species and essential component of agriculture. In apiculture, pollen and nectar are considered to be an important source. While collecting pollen and nectar, honey bees carry pollen taken from the anthers of flowers to the pistil of the same flower or another flower of the same species; and this process is referred to as pollination. In fact, honey bees carry out a very important task by pollination. Since pollination ensures the continuity of nature, besides quality and quantity of the product are increased in pomiculture, earlier and more uniform product is obtained, the shape of the product is properly formed, storage life is increased, and high quality hybrid seed that has a high germination quality is obtained. For some fruit species, fruit yield depends on honey bees and insects in a %100 rate and it shows how important the pollination is.

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Symposium: Bee Flora I

PBO-014

The favorite plants of honey bees in Turkey

Mine Kocyigit, Bahar Gürdal

Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Turkey

Turkey is a large peninsula with a land surface of 779.452 km² and it is divided into 7 geographical regions

“Mediterranean, Marmara, Aegean, Black Sea, East Anatolia, Central Anatolia, Southern Anatolia”

Phytogeographical point of view, Turkey falls 3 distinctive floristic regions: 1. Euro-Siberian; 2. Mediterranean; 3. Irano-Turanian that tie in closely with the three climatic zones, and these are the key to understanding the floristic richness of Turkey. Turkey’s location, climate, topography and its encirclement by three sees have resulted in high plant diversity of over 10,000 known native vascular plants, one third are endemic. The main focus of this study is the identification of the most common and important plant sources for honey in Turkey. Precision in interpreting pollen data recovered from honey has always been a primary goal of those who study pollen and honey. In order to contribute to the knowledge of floral honeys Turkey, 20 honey samples were gathered from the seven geographical regions and analysed for their melissopalynological characteristics. 200 pollen grains have been counted for each sample and 15 pollen types were identified. The results showed that the pollen grains types of Rosaceae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Boraginaceae, Poaceae, Ericaceae, Cistaceae, Liliaceae, Ranunculaceae and Geraniaceae were the most abundant among the samples. The ratio number of taxa per sample varied from 2–45%.

PBO-015

Traditional and Ethnobotanical Honey Plants List in

South Korea

Sugwang Lee1, Dohyun Kim1, Jeongho Lee1, Youngki Park2, Seahyun Kim2

1 Korea National Arboretum, Republic of Korea

2 Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea

There are 4,500 plants species living in South Korea, almost 500 species are regarded as honey plants. The black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is the most important tree in the field of honey production in South Korea (its ratio is approximately 70%). The black locust was introduced for erosion control and fuel 100 years ago. Today, black locust was faced with etiolation. Therefore, it is necessary to search for honey plant instead of black locust. This study investigated the traditional and ethnobotanical use of honey plant in South Korea. The available literature (Ethnobotany in Korea, Sallimgyeongje and Imwongyeongjeji) was reviewed and analysed. As a result the traditional and ethnobotanical honey plant list are 15 species 9 family (5 species in Leguminosae and 3 species in Rosaceae). We considered that Codonopsis lanceolata (herb) and Paulownia coreana (tree) have a high potential values in these list, because already C. lanceolata cultivated at the large area for medicinal and edible use, and Paulownia are in great demands for wood in South Korea.

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PBO-044

Impact of different feeding strategies on honey bees during cranberry pollination

Georges Martin, Pierre Giovenazzo

Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault, Canada

Over the past years, many beekeepers reported that their colonies weakened during cranberry pollination. The idea of weakening their colonies refrains beekeepers to rent them for cranberry pollination, which in turn reduce the growing potential of the cranberry industry in Canada. This study had 3 objectives : 1-Evaluate the impact of doing the cranberry pollination on honey bee colonies, 2-Determine if feeding pollen supplement and/or sugar syrup would prevent the weakening of the colonies and 3-Verify if feeding the bees have a negative impact on cranberry pollination. Three feeding strategies were used with 5 experimental groups of 9 colonies: 1. No feeding, no pollination. 2. No feeding. 3. 15L of 1:1 syrup. 4. 2.25kg of pollen supplement . 5. 15L of 1:1 syrup and 2.25 kg of pollen supplement. The brood and honey productions were monitored for each colonies and pollen traps were installed for a short period on 3 colonies in each experimental group with the exception of group 1. Results showed that the cranberry pollination was not detrimental to honey bee colonies on the brood production but honey production was reduce by 23kg. Feeding colonies during the pollination did not further enhance their brood production and it did not refrain bees from foraging on cranberry blossom. Sugar syrup feeding even enhance cranberry foraging; the ratio of pollen collected coming from cranberry was 19% for the control group and rise to 57% for the syrup fed group.

PBO-018

Protein and mineral contents of pollen that is important for honey bees

Fazil Guney1, Seref Cinbirtoglu1, Metin Deveci2

1 Apiculture Research Station Directorate, Turkey

2 University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Turkey

This study was conducted in spring period of 2013 in the Ordu Region. In the starting time of flight activity, in the flowering period of March, April and May, pollen traps were attached to 3 colonies between the time of 07:0015:00. In this period, the reference preparations were prepared with pollens that were taken from flowers in the flora. Plant species of pollens collected from traps were determined with reference preparations via microscopic examination and quality (protein, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu contents) features of pollens belong to determined species were evaluated. Honey bees preferred mostly the pollens of cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis), star of bethlehem (Ornithogalum sp.), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in March, walnut tree (Juglans regia), daisy (Bellis perennis) in April, date plum (Diospyros lotus), white clover (Trifolium repens) in May. The highest protein content was determined in the species of deadnettle (Lamium purpureum).

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PBO-019

The characterization of Petroselinum crispum L. honey from Hatay-Turkey

Kadrye Sorkun, Ö mür Gençay Ç eleml, Denz Canli, Duygu Nur Ç obanolu, Fatma Güzel

Hacettepe University, Turkey

Petroselinum crispum L., the parsley, is a commonly grown culinary and medicinal herb that is often used in domestic medicine. It is native to Europe and Western Asia and cultivated in the United States. We aimed to determine the HMF, fructose, glucose, ash, electrical conductivity, moisture content and chemical composition of parsley honey by this research. For this purpose we collected honey samples from Hatay-Turkey. The microscopic analysis of honey samples were carried out and samples were determined as parsley honey according to its dominant pollen content. Besides the determination of botanical origin, the total pollen number (TPN) of the sample was calculated. After microscopic analysis the fructose, glucose and HMF contents were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), moisture by refractometer, ash by muffle furnace and volatile compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). As a result of microscopic analysis, TPN10 value is calculated as 137 144 and evaluated as rich for pollen content. According to the chemical analysis results, fructose content was 33,46g/100g, glucose 40,13g/100g, HMF value was 2.54 ppm, moisture 14.2%, ash content

0.25% and electrical conductivity was found to be 0.57µS/cm. Furthermore, “1,4-Bis[(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl- 2- pyrazolin-4-ylidene) methyl] benzen” compound was found in highest ratio (9.69%) by GC-MS analysis. The hypoglycaemic, antimicrobial, antianaemic, anticoagulant, anti-hyperlipaemic, antihepatotoxic, diuretic and rheumatoid effects of Petroselinum crispum L.have been known already. For further researchers the biological activity of Petroselinum crispum honey can be investigated and the results would be helpful for future studies

PBO-020

The characterization of Anzer pollen collected by honey bees

Denz Canli, Kadrye Sorkun, Ö mür Gençay Ç eleml, Duygu Nur Ç obanolu, Fatma Güzel

Hacettepe University, Turkey

Anzer valley is situated in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, which is at over 2300 m altitude. The valley has a potential for beekeeping and is renown by its honey (Anzer honey). In this study we aimed to analyse Anzer pollen microscopically and chemically. For this purpose we collected pollen samples from the beehives from Anzer Valley in June-July 2013. As a result of microscopic analysis, we found pollen of Carduus spp, Trifolium spp., Onobrychis spp., Ranunculus spp., Geranium spp. and taxa belonging to the Apiaceae, Campanulaceae, Cistaceae, Dipsecaeae, Ericaceae families. According to the chemical content analysis of pollen samples “Heptadecane,2- methyl- (%6,87)’’ was found in highest ratio in Carduus spp. pollen, “Pentane,2,4-dimethyl- (%1,66)’’ in Trifolium spp. pollen, “ 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester (%61,12)” in Onobrychis spp., “Hydroxylamine,0-(2-methylpropyl)- (%2,59)” in Ranunculus spp., “ 1-Tetradecane (%31,42)” in Geranium spp. pollen, “1-Pentanol,5-(methylenecyclopropyl) (%4,31)” in Apiaceae pollen, “dl-Homoserine lacton (%0,88)” in Campanulaceae pollen “3-methylene-1,6-hexadiene (%6,34) ” in Cistaceae pollen, “Ethane,1,1,1-triethoxy (%16,14) ” in Dipsacaeae pollen “ Iso Amyl alcohol (%3,08)” , in Ericaeae were found in highest ratios by Gas

Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. By this research the microscopic and chemical analyses of Anzer pollen were evaluated together. The results will be more valuable for further research.

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Symposium: Bee Flora II

PBO-031

The flowering pattern of Korean Robinia pseudoacacia L. during recent 10 Years

Dong Jin Seo, Hyeon Cheol Kim, Wi Yeong Lee, Jae Cheon Lee

Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea

Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a very important tree for the honey production in our country’s beekeeping industry.

However, owing to the climate change, the actual circumstances are that as the difference of flowering time between southernand northern area decreased, the decline in honey production is concerned. Thus, this study aims to investigate the flowering time of R. pseudoacacia in southernand northern area in our country and the factors effecting on the flowering, by which to provide basic information related to the honey production R. pseudoacacia. In the case of 2008, the year of the earliest flowering time, it was May 6, and the latest was June 11, 2011. As the flowering time continuously decreased, in the case of 2015, it decreased as 12 days, which is judged that the flowering time was expected earlier due to the higher temperature of early winter than average year, but the temperatures before the flowering time of the end of April were lower than average year, consequently the flowering time decreased. Furthermore, as there was high correlation among mean temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation, it showed that they were climatic factors effecting on the flowering time.

PBO-036

The value of honey plants of Styrax japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. based on honeybee visit and nectar secretion characteristics

Hyeusoo Kim, Moon Sup Kim, Jeong Ho Song, Sea Hyun Kim

Division of Special Purpose Trees, Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea

Japanese Snowbell is a deciduous tree, which is endemic to eastern Asia and is frequently planted in gardens because it bears beautiful white flowers in the early summer season. This study was conducted to prove possibility of honey tree, which analyzed the visited number of honeybees, secreted nectar volume, nectar sugar contents and amino acid in addition to estimating honey quantities that can ultimately reap in flowers of S. japonicus. The surveyed tree’s flowers bloom during 12 days and maximum blooming period of flowers was on 23rd to 25th May in 2013. Honeybee visited flowers in priority and visited number of honeybee per flowering lateral bunch can be assumed 290 honeybees for a day. Honeybee visiting was concentrated at around 10~11 a.m. On average, nectar volume secreted by nectary was 1.13 ul from one flower and nectar concentration presented 39.6%. Sugar contents were calculated at 71.0 ug per flower. The minimum estimate of honey harvest for official tree(15 years, Height 3 m, DBH 12 cm) in this study was 3,032 mg. Result of amino acid contents ratio showed that Proline, Glutamate, Hydroproline, Serine, Asparagine were more abundant than others. Especially, Proline percentages (40.4%) were highest among the other amino acids. Finally, the surveyed tree is considered as possible honey plant because of its nectar characteristics and honeybee visiting.

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PBO-037

Analysis of secreted nectar characteristics, sugar and amino acid content in floral nectar of Korean and Chinese hawthorn, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge

Moon-Sup Kim, Hyeusoo Kim, Jeong-Ho Song, Sea-Hyun Kim

Division of Special Purpose Trees, Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea

This study was to analyze secreted nectar character, sugar and amino acid content of Korean and Chinese hawthorn, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge. On average, nectar volume secreted by nectary was 1.43 ul in flower of Korean C. pinnatifida and nectar concentration showed 27.2%. Among the Chinese C. pinnatifida varieties, nectar volume showed 3.65~5.39 ul which presented 11.3~12.6% concentration. However, nectar sugar content was calculated at 69.2 ug per flower of Korean C. pinnatifida and 50.6~79.0 ug per flower of Chinese C. pinnatifida varieties, which meant that all values were not significantly different. The minimum estimates of honey harvest for a flower of Korean C. pinnatifida was 81.4 ug and Chinese C. pinnatifida varieties estimate from 59.5 ug to 92.9 ug. Analysis of amino acid showed that Asparagine, Glutamine, Glutamic acid, Proline and Serine were more abundant that account for more than 65% of total amino acid ratio in flower of Korean and Chinese C. pinnatifida. Arginine and Lysine were significantly different about all hawthorns. Overall, Korean and Chinese hawthorn are different from nectar volume, concentration, amount of free sugar and amino acid ratio but those aren’t different from sugar composition and nectar sugar content of flower which are factor on breeding by selection of honey tree.

PBO-039

The value of honey plants of Tilia amurensis Rupr. and T. mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim based on nectar secretion characteristics

Uk Lee, Jeong Ho Song, Hyeusoo Kim, Moon Sup Kim, Sea Hyun Kim,

Division of Special Purpose Trees, Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea

T. amurensis and T. manshurica are used in the production of timber and honey in Korea. This study was conducted to provide a basic data such as secreted nectar characteristic for possibility of development as honey plants, T. amurensis and T. mandshurica. Clonal archive of these species has been established on the Korea Forest Research Institute in Suwon. All our results were analysed by using the centrifuge and HPLC. On average, nectar volume of T. amurensis and T. mandshurica secreted by nectary were 1.6 ul and 2.2 ul from one flower, respectively. Total amount of free sugars showed 39.5 ug/ ul in nectar of T. amurensis and 18.2 ug/ ul in nectar of T. mandshurica by using HPLC. Amount of nectar sugars was 69.0 ug from one flower of T. amurensis and the amount of nectar sugars per flower of T. mandshurica was 36.1 ug. The number of flowers in an inflorescence of T. amurensis were 8.3 and the number of flowers in an inflorescence of T. mandshurica were 15.0. Mean value of amount of nectar sugars multiplied by each flower potential per inflorescence, which was the estimated 0.57 mg sugar per inflorescence of T. amurensis and 0.54 mg sugar per inflorescence of T. mandshurica. We found that amount of nectar sugars per inflorescence showed that these values were not significantly different.

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