Apimondia 2015 Abstract book (South Korea)

oils, such as clove oil, can be used in apiaries by turn with synthetic chemicals, such as coumaphos, in order to avoid residue problem and emergence of resistant Varroa mites.

BHO-078

The occurrence of Acarapis externus in honey bee colonies in an apiary in Iran

Mohammad Forsi1, Rahim Ghogooghi2

1 Iran Veterinary Organization, Iran

2 IVO, Iran

In April 2013, in Gorgan region at the North of Iran near the Caspian Sea a beekeeper reported the losses of more than 30 percent of the colonies in his apiary. The samples were observed by stereo microscope. High level of external Acarapis infestation on the body of adult bees was detected. To determine the species the samples were sent to veterinary faculty of Tehran University and the A. externus was detected.

Acarapis externus Morgenthaler is found on the cervix (the neck region) and A.dorsalis Morgenthaler is found on the dorsal groove of the thorax (Ibay and Burgett, 1989). Morphologically they are difficult to differentiate from one another and from A. woodi, even at high magnification. The parasites were seen at different stages of eggs, larvae and adult. The adult acarapis were moving about on the body of dead bees. The videos are available.

BHO-044

Chemosensing and behaviour response of Varroa destructor to some essential oils of Portuguese aromatic plants

A. Sofia Lima1, Nurit Eliash2, Nitin Singh2, Victoria Soroker2, Miguel Vilas-Boas3, A.

Cristina Figueiredo4

1 Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior Agrária, Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal and Centro de Estudos do Am biente e do Mar Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, CBV, DBV, 1749-016 Lisboa, Po rtugal

2 Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250,

Israel

3 Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior Agrária, Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal

4 Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, CBV, DBV, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

Besides olfactory cues being essential for social harmony of a honeybee colony, they play also an important role in host parasite interactions. Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite that represents nowadays the biggest threat for beekeeping. Due to preference behaviour of female mites to some host stages, chemical orientation and host finding play an important role on Varroa life cycle. Electrotarsegraphy (EAG) is a quite new screening

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procedure for detecting behaviour modifying compounds in Varroa. It allows examining the response of the sensory organs of Varroa located on the tarsi of the foreleg.

Dose response EAG tests were conducted to explore the potential chemosensory effect of nine essential oils (EOs) isolated from Portuguese flora. The EOs were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC MS. Four of the EOs activated the mite chemosensory sensilla eliciting a positive-dose dependent effect in Varroa chemoreceptors. Interestingly two other Eos elicited negative dose dependent response. To test the effect of the EAG active compounds, two-choice behaviour bioassays were done to examine their effect on the preference of Varroa to a nurse bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) in presence or without (control) EOs. The recognition of active compounds using EAG studies may be used not only to understand the unknown mechanism of Varroa host finding but mainly to find a new, sustainable and effective way of mite control. A.S. Lima is grateful to FCT for PhD grant SFRH/BD/76091/2011. This study was partially funded by FCT, under PTDC/CVTEPI/2473/2012, Pest-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011 and UID/AMB/50017/2013.

BHO-026

Royal jelly apalbumin isoforms as novel antibiotics against P. larvae and multiresistant bacterial strains

Katarina Bilikova1, Karl Skriner2, Kikuji Yamaguchi3, Hans Lehrach4, Jozef Simuth1

1 Department of Molecular Apidology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen,

Slovakia

2 Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunolog, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

3 Japan Royal Jelly Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

4 Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany

Pathogenic bacteria, not susceptible to the most conventional antibiotics, are growing problem in human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Some of honeybee products are often used in traditional medicine - propolis as a source of antibiotic compounds mainly of floral origin; honey is known to be effectively used in healing of burn wounds susceptible to the infection with various multirezistant human microbial pathogens. Honeybee is armed against pathogens with very effective exogenous defensive system based on proteins and peptides of larval nutrition, the royal jelly. We have found that major royal jelly proteins, the apalbumins, and antimicrobial peptides are regular components of honey. While in honeybee genom there was found just nine genes for coding of the major royal jelly proteins, there are broad number of minority homologues of apalbumis detected by 2D SDSPAGE in royal jelly and in honey and followed characterisation by MALDI-MS analysis. These various posttranslational modifications of maternal apalbumins leads to different physiological activity including antibotic. In presented work we show the antibiotic effect of some minority homologues of apalbumin2, purified form royal jelly, and found of antimicrobial effect against P. larvae, the primary honeybee bacterial pathogen of American Foulbrood Disease. Moreover we show the high atibiotic capacity of these honeybee proteins to the multiresistant pathogenic bacterial strains isolated from wild caiman Caiman de la Costa. The minority homologues of apalbumin2 represent a novel and promising class of antibiotics usefull in beekeeping, as well as in human medicine, for potential elimination of multidrug-resistant infectious diseases

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BHO-070

Development of new antibiotics from actinomycetes to control bee and human pathogens

Jaisoo Kim, Tuan Manh Nguyen

Kyunggi University, Republic of Korea

Up to now, a variety of antibiotics have been used in the life since penicillin was discovered in 1928. Actinomycetes are Grampositive and have widely found in soil, water, air, colonizing plants and deep sea. They have remarkable diversity in chemicals and morphology, and construct a distinct evolutionary line of organisms, producing many bioactive compounds as a potential source. Around 50% among soil actinobacterial species belongs to the genus Streptomyces, especially producing more than 80% of the commercially and medicinally useful antibiotics. For isolating diverse actinomycetes, we used various kinds of soil samples with three different culture methods including a new method using transwell plates. As a result, we found 92 strains against Paenibacillus larvae (a n agent of American foulbrood honeybee disease); 5 strains against Aspergillus flavus (a n agent of chalkbrood honeybee disease); 7 strains against Ascophaera apis (an agent of stonebrood honeybee disease); 57 strains against Bacillus subtilis; 41 strains against Staphylococcus aureus; 17 strains against Escherichia coli; 13 strains against Candida albicans and 35 strains against Aspergillus niger. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the genus Streptomyces spp. were dominant. Among them, nine strains were possible new species. Therefore, they may produce new antibacterial compounds and be developed as treatment drugs against diverse microbial pathogens in the near future

Symposium: Viral Disease

BHO-077

Understanding the intimate relationship of the honeybee and its viral pathogens in order to tackle bee mortality from a different angle

Dirk De Graaf1, Lina De Smet1, Jorgen Ravoet1, Tom Wenseleers2

1Ghent University, Belgium

2KU Leuven, Belgium

The Varroa-mite represents the most important driver of mortality of honeybee colonies, mainly because it acts as vector for rapid and easy transmission of viruses. Like other insects, bees are able to develop an anti-viral immune response based on the RNA interfering (RNAi) pathway. Key components in the RNAi machinery are Dicer and Argonaut: two proteins involved in the biogenesis and function of small non-coding RNAs that lead to the degradation of the viral genome. We have evidences that honeybee viruses have the potential to suppress the host RNAi machinery enabling them to infect and replicate. The recent discovery that bee viruses of the ABPV complex encode viral suppressors of RNAi upstream of DvExNPGP motif located in the N-terminal region of ORF-1 (Chen et al., 2014) strongly supports this hypothesis. It is unclear why some bee colonies remain free of viral infections. Do they have the potential to circumvent these viral suppressors of RNAi? We do not know yet. However, in another study we could demonstrate that approximately one quarter of the Belgian breeder queens are free of virus infections as determined in a screen of their eggs. We are now testing whether there is a heritable component in this virus free status or with other words: does something like virus-resistance

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exists in honeybees? If so, it would enable us to tackle bee mortality from a completely different angle and to focus more on virus-resistance in our breeding programs.

BHO-082

Derivation of cell-adapted Sacbrood virus (SBV) from Korean honeybee (Apis mellifera)

Chang-Hee Kweon, Mi-Sun Yoo, Hyun-Ji Seo, Ha-Na Jung, Woo Ram Bae, Hee-Soo Lee,

SeungWon Kang, Yun Sang Cho

Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Republic of Korea

Sacbrood virus (SBV), a causative agent of larval death in honeybees, is one of the most devastating diseases in bee industry throughout the world. Lately the Korean Sacbrood virus (KSBV) induced great losses in Korean honeybee (Apis cerana) colonies. However, there is no culture system available for honeybee viruses, including SBV, therefore, the research on honeybee viruses is practically limited until present. In this study, we investigated the growth and replication of SBV in cell cultures. The replication signs of KSBV after passages from mammalian cells was identified and confirmed by using combined approaches with nested, quantitative, negative-strand PCR and electron microscopy along with in vivo experiment. The results revealed that mammalian cell lines, including Vero cells could support the replication KSBV. Although there was no signs of cytopathic effect (CPE) in cells, it was for the first time demonstrated that SBV could be replicated in cells through the sequential passages linked with cell adaptation. KSBV from the present study would be a valuable source to understand the mechanism of pathogenicity of sacbrood virus in the future.

BHO-071

Artificial infection of Korean Sacbrood virus to Apis mellifera: Analysis on its capability of viral replication.

Joo Seong Lee, So JungYong, Giang Thi huong Luong, Ji Hee Wang, Sang Hyoun Min, Byoung Su Yoon

Kyounggi University, Republic of Korea

Sacbroood virus (SBV) is one of the most serious viral pathogen to honeybee larvae. Since a Korean type of SBV (kSBV) was isolated from Apis cerana in Korea (2010), it has caused the economic impact on beekeepers in Korea. Until now, around 95% of populations of Apis cerana might be killed by kSBV infection, however, kSBV-infection to Apis mellifera is not reported yet, in apiary field. In this study, we examined the artificial infection of kSBV, originated from Apis cerana, to larvae of Apis mellifera, which were cultivated artificially with standard condition. As results, the replication of kSBV was quantitatively increased in larvae of Apis mellifera after adding of kSBV, however, is decreased in several days later with unknown reasons. Based on quantifications of negative and positive strand of kSBV, artificial kSBV-infection to Apis mellifera is easy monitored. In addition, artificial kSBVinfection to the primary cells from Apis mellifera is not observed yet. Natural infection of kSBV to Apis mellifera is of interesting fact in public of Korea. Why kSBV could not infect to Apis mellifera in nature? It should be revealed for the prevention and control of kSBV infection.

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BHO-083

Development of Ultra-Rapid Real-Time PCR for detection against Korean Sacbrood Virus

Sang-Hyoun Min, Chil-Woo Lee, Sun-Bok Lee, Byoung-Su Yoon

Kyonggi University, Department of Life science, Republic of Korea

Sacbrood virus is one of viral pathogens in honeybee. The infection of Korean Sacbrood virus (kSBV) against Apis cerana was firstly recognized in Korea in 2010. Almost populations (over 90%) of A. cerana were destroyed until today in Korea. It is not clear yet, how to prevent it or how to control it or why infect only to A. cerana. These are why development of rapid and easy detection method is important. In this study, we designed the fastest and easy detection method against kSBV. Using Ultra-Rapid Real-Time PCR (URRT-PCR), reaction time of cDNA generation from kSBV-infected larvae was also minimalize. kSBV-specific target was located on VP1 gene, the size of amplicon were 528bp or 257bp long DNA. Using optimized kSBV-specific Ultra-rapid Reverse Transcription Real-Time PCR (kSBV-URRTRT PCR), minimum time for kSBV-specific detection was completed inner 18 minutes from kSBV-infected larvae. Minimum sensitivity was calculated as 2.5×101 copies, and quantitative PCR is also available. kSBVURRTRT PCR might be very helpful method to detect and to monitor kSBV-infection quantitatively in laboratory, even in apiarian field.

BHO-074

Development of ultra-rapid real-time PCR for detection against black queen cell virus

Giang Thi Huong Luong, Joo-Seong Lee, So-Jung Yong, Sang-Hyoun Min, Ji-Hee Wang,

Byoung-Su Yoon

Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea

Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV) is one of the most prevalent viruses in Honeybee, and could not be recognized by any infected symptoms in the adult bees. Thus, a newly developed method for rapid RNA isolation and cDNA generation from Honeybee samples will be useful and easy to evaluate the presence of BQCV. A significant improvement by only one-step RNA isolation for 10 minutes made possible to detect BQCV RNAs at high quantity. cDNAs were also generated directly from isolated BQCV RNAs by different primer sets for 3 minutes and were applied subsequently to Ultra-Rapid Real-Time PCR by using microchip of 6 µl reaction volume with extremely short time in each step of PCR. This system provided the ultra-high speed reaction (30 cycles in less than 10 minutes) including melting temperature analysis for amplified BQCV products. These results suggest that BQCV detection can be completed within 15 minutes, and the Ultra-Rapid Real-time PCR is sensitive, reliable and time-saving for monitoring BQCV in Honeybee.

BHO-021

Infection of Apis cerana sacbrood virus in Apis mellifera

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Hong-Ri Gong, Xiu-Xian Chen, Zhe-Guang Lin , Fu-Liang Hu , Huo-Qing Zheng

College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China

Sacbrood virus (SBV) is one of the most serious threats to Apis cerana but is much less destructive to A. mellifera. In previous studies, SBV isolates infecting A. cerana and A. mellifera were identified as different serotypes, suggesting a species-barrier of SBV infection. In order to clarify whether A. cerana SBV isolates (AcSBV) can infect A. mellifera, we examined SBV infection in 318 A. mellifera colonies with PCR method and performed artificial infection experiments in lab and field conditions. Thirtyeight (11.95%) A. mellifera colonies were found to be positive with SBV infection. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp gene sequences indicated that 2 of the isolates were clustered into A. cerana clades. In the artificial infection experiments, negativestrand RNA of AcSBV could be detected both in adult bees and larvae of A. mellifera, although higher mortality and clinical symptoms of sacbrood disease were not observed in infected groups. Our results suggest that AcSBV is able to infect A. mellifera colonies with low prevalence (0.63% in this study) and pathogenicity. This work will help understand the different susceptibility of A. cerana and A. mellifera to sacbrood disease.

BHO-018

The more the merrier: deformed wing virus loads, clinical symptoms and longevity of honeybee workers

Benjamin Dainat1, Marion Mehmann2, Peter Neumann3

1Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstr. 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland

2Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3003 Bern, Switzerland 3 University of Bern, Institute of Bee Health IBH, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland

Crippled wings and shortened abdomens are clear and obvious clinical symptoms of deformed wing virus (DWV) infections in honeybees. Since DWV is well vectored by Varroa destructor, DWV is now nearly ubiquitous. However, it is currently unknown what causes such striking differences in expression of DWV symptoms and how long such affected workers will actually live. Here, we measured DWV loads in winter bees without and with symptoms, which were quantified as wing area with deformities and length of the abdomen. We also recorded longevity and behavior of DWV diseased workers when paired in laboratory cages with healthy workers or just by themselves (N=6 cages with 20 bees each group). Finally, we also mark-recaptured freshly emerged deformed wing workers and healthy controls in N=3 field colonies to quantify their life expectancy (N=90 workers total). The results show that the expression of wing deformities and shortened abdomen is positively correlated with virus load. The more DWV, the more drastically were the symptoms. Older bees had higher DWV infections load both in symptomatic and asymptomatic bees. In the laboratory when caged with healthy workers, diseased bees had a significantly longer life suggesting that they were taken care of by their nestmates. In the field, all deformed workers were dead after six days. The data clearly show that higher DWV virus loads can have very strong effects on both clinical symptoms and longevity thereby underlining the importance of varroa control.

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Symposium: Hygienic Management I

BHO-086

Foundation of natural bee comb

Youngseog Lee, Seungtae Kim

Diversity of cell size stimulates the instinct of bees for mite resistance. Dennice Murrell in Wyoming State, USA, noticed that natural comb bees had the instinct for mite resistance. After long observation, he concluded that the reciprocal actions between the diversity of cell size and uneven volumes of matured larvae stimulated this instinct of bees for mite resistance. Quoting this theory, I designed the foundation having 4.6 mm of cell diameter in lower part, enlarging the diameter consistently upwards, 6.0 mm diameter in upper part (already submitted for Patent Registration). And I pasted this foundation to Langstroth frame. I had observed bees building up their hives, their health, the activity and the distribution of the area of laying eggs, not treated with any chemicals. By using sugar shaking method, I checked the intensity of mites on this colony and the compared colony of conventional combs on 6th and 9th of July. No mite could be traced on mine, otherwise, 15-17 mites per 300 bees on the conventional comb. It is sure that mites on my colony was terminated, bees were healthier and more vigorous than bees on conventional comb. But confidently I could not define the course of terminating mites. For these works, it is necessary to collect the data until wintering

BHO-085

Mineral deficiencies in bees

Hossein Yeganehrad1, Hamzeh Ramezani Karim2

1 Caspian Apiaries

2 University of British Columbia, Canada

In humans, potassium, Calcium and Iron deficiencies are problems that effect the global population. Bees also suffer the same deficiencies. In 2012 samples of honey were analyzed in order to accurately determine the amount of Vitamin C & D, Iron, Calcium and potassium in honey. The purpose of this observation is to effectively compare the deficiencies in bee colony’s and humans. The results can be used to potentially replenish vitamins and minerals in humans with these deficiencies. The results were as follows: •Vitamin C - 0, •Vitamin D – 0, •Iron – 1/1000, •Calcium – 10/1000, •Potassium -2/1000, Colonies with deficiencies struggle to survive during winter months because of several reasons such as loss of flight, decreased population, lack of pollination, high rate of queen supercedures, and the effect of queen semen. By supplementing the diet of the honeybees with the desired vitamins or minerals, we can create a more efficient and effective mineral supplement for people. These supplement honeys are completely natural and entirely absorbed once consumed. In this presentation we discuss the results of our attempts to design and produce honeys to alleviate common nutrient deficiencies in humans. We elaborate on the production. We also discuss our method of colony management, to ensure optimal health of the bee colony.

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BHO-084

Occurance of Eurpean foulbrood disease (EFB) during blueberry pollination in the Vancouver BC area

Hossein Yeganehrad2, Hamzeh Ramezani Karim1, Maryam Moarefi3

1 University of British Columbia, Canada

2 Caspian Apiaries

3 Karaj, Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

The bacterium Melissococcus pluton causes the brood disease European foulbrood (EFB). Research has shown a strong correlation between nutrition and EFB prevalence in honeybee colonies. Hives become symptomatic as available nutrient levels decrease and can rapidly reach epidemic levels of EFB. In British Columbia’s Lower Mainland there can be substantial mount of rainfall during most seasons. These weather conditions can directly affect the number of bees available for pollination and nutrition of larva. Lab results have identified the presence of two bacteria, which cause EFB. By providing nutrients to the brood, it is possible to eliminate EFB naturally if the infection is not invasive. However, Antibiotics must be used to effectively treat severe conditions.

In this presentation, new disease control methods and management tactics will be presented. We report on tools developed for identification and monitoring of EFB. We will detail methods to treat diseased hives in the field, when movement of the hive is not recommended. We show how the use of bee products, a proprietary mixture of pheromones and bee pollen, stimulates the colony to consume pollen at a large rate, resulting in an increase in production of worker jelly for larvae. Worker jelly, a rich source of nutrients, grants to the larvae immunity from EFB and most pathogens. As a result, reduction or elimination of all signs of EFB and associated pathogens from diseased hives occurs without the mandatory use of antibiotics.

BHO-079

Master beekeeper education programs: Tool to support small scale beekeeper education

Mark Dykes

Texas Apiary Inspection Service, USA

In the United States the number of small scale beekeepers has increased in the past 5 years. The increase is thought to be the result of heightened awareness of the services honey bees provide and the publicizing of the increase in yearly colony loss. With this increase in numbers a need for science based education for these new beekeeper arose. To fill this gap many beekeepers have relied on local bee clubs and state Extension services. The issue that has arisen is that many state Extension personal are not trained in beekeeping and local clubs are often times made up entirely of novice beekeepers. This situation creates a vacuum of science based information on honey bee husbandry, nutrition and pest control. One solution that has shown success is the training and certifying of master beekeepers. In Texas, the Texas Apiary Inspection service in partnership with the Texas Beekeepers Association, and Texas A&M University have recently created such a program. This is not a novel model, but draws from other existing programs. By using this model the program was able to quickly progress from conception to execution. Master Beekeeper Programs have the ability to produce well educated beekeepers by providing the participants access to current science based beekeeping methods and encouraging them to share this information with other local beekeepers. By creating this conduit for information to flow the Master Beekeepers act as a force multiplier for education efforts.

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BHO-075

Investigating the effect of high relative humidity and high carbon dioxide concentration in beehives on honeybees death rate in winter

Hossein Yeganehrad2, Hamzeh Ramezani Karim1, Sajad Jazani2

1 University of British Columbia, Canada

2 Caspian Apiaries, Canada

We conducted a study to find out about the potential impact of honey bees winter loss in Vancouver in 2014, and it led to our realization that there is the likelihood of a link between the number of perished honey bees and the ventilation condition in the bee hives throughout winter time. Our study was at the effects of the extreme rate of humidity and carbon dioxide concentration as contributing factors to honey bee’s death during winter. Hence, the amount of relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration was measured in both deficiently and ideally ventilated beehives at different sites in British Columbia.

This resulted in our findings about the number of honey bee winter fatality in each beehive accordingly. The result of our study also indicated that % 90 of honey bees died of poor ventilation (%90 relative humidity). In contrast, the death rate of honey bees in well-ventilated beehives (%85 relative humidity) was remarkably down to % 15. Additionally, there were evident symptoms of the high moisture rate (over % 27) in the fermentation of honey in the open cells as well as extreme diarrhea on the front en trance of the hives, while the moisture rate is naturally anticipated to be % 17 to % 20. The results of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranea testing were either negative, or they demonstrated a slight amount. The study has revealed that lack of oxygen is deemed to be the major cause of honey bees ‘death inside the hives during winter.

BHO-016

Pest surveillance in indigenous bee hives in subtropical hilly region of Nepal

Min Raj Pokhrel

Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal

Pests and diseases are the major problems of bee keeping. Bee keeping is an age old business in Nepal but very limited studies have been done on infestation of insect pests in non-movable framed traditional hives. So, a survey was conducted to know the major constraints on Apis cerana rearing in Lamjung district, a subtropical area of central Nepal. Fifty beekeepers maintaining at least three non-movable framed beehives were randomly selected and face-to-face interviewed by using structured questionnaire. The bee hives, the chambers and bee frames were thoroughly observed to record bee pests. The pests were collected for further identification and preservation. The adoption of movable framed bee hives was low as only one-fifth of beekeepers were using movable frame hives and that were of less than ten years history. The annual average, maximum and minimum honey production was 6.82, 12 and 2.5 kg per hive per annum respectively. The beekeepers prioritized insect pests, use of pesticides, shortage of bee pasture, lack of technical knowhow, the non-insect pests, diseases and marketing of honey as the major problems in beekeeping. Among insects, greater wax moth, hornets, bee beetle, death's head hawk moths and ants were the major pests in indigenous hives. Annual pest calendar was developed. Bee pest problem was

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more prone in summer and rainy seasons than winter. December was the least pest infestation month. Bee keepers were found using various local methods based on indigenous knowledge.

Symposium: Bacterial Disease

BHO-053

Clinical veterinary bacteriology as reference for finding

Paenibacillus larvae in apiaries

Violeta Santrac

Public Veterinary Institute, Bosnia and Herzegovina

In work authors summarized results that shows presence Paenibacillus larvae, cause of American foulbrood, during the period from January 2014 till May 2015th on the territory of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe. Objective for this work was to determine geographical presence and prevalence of American foulbrood causalities in order to analyse data and use them as elements for future development and creation rational and applicable control program. Presence was established in clinical and sub-clinical forms of American foulbrood infections from honey bee brood, honey, wax, and honey bee artificial feed formulations. Materials are treated in standard requirements based on ISO 17 025, with an accredited method. 1118 samples of bee brood and honey were examined, from which 261 samples (23.3%) where positive. That concerned 68 apiaries with positive findings. Besides, we examined two wax samples and 44 samples feed what makes on the end, total 1164 samples that were done. Laboratory proof of presence Paenibacillus larvae in forms clinical also sub-clinical infections is step toward future work: first, a new Regulation for disease control, and second, no less significant need is strategic Ministry decision to continue good practice for finance this diagnostic approach. Legal status for AFB in B&H do not permits use antibiotics in disease control and also is known that there is no "vaccine protocol” for control reasons, remains fact that beekeepers need assistance to way they need program that would efficiently protected their production

BHO-051

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial effect of propolis against Paenibacillus larvae genotypes in Turkey

Aygün Schiesser, Ö mür Gençay Ç elemli, Asl Ö zkrm, Nevin Keskin

Hacettepe University, Turkey

The European honey bee Apis mellifera L. is the most commonly managed useful insect in the world. Products of the honey bee and pollination with honey bees have great share within global economy. Also, fruit or seed set of many plants depend on honey bee pollination. Decline in colonies all over the world cause serious economic loss. There are several factors affecting the managed honey bee populations like pests, pathogens, pesticides, climate and poor beekeeping techniques. One of the most lethal of these factors is Paenibacillus larvae,

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