учебник-английский

В отрицательной форме глагол must выражает запрещение.

e.g. You must not (mustn’t) disturb him. – Вы не должны мешать ему.

4) Need

Модальный глагол need имеет только одну форму. Он употребляется преимущественно в отрицательных предложениях и выражает ненужность совершения действия.

e.g. You needn’t come so early. – Вам незачем приходить так рано.

5) Should, ought (to)

Модальные глаголы should и ought (to) имеют только одну форму, которая употребляется в настоящем времени. Они выражают совет или рекомендацию (следует, должен).

e.g. You shouldn’t go to bed so late. – Вам не следует ложиться спать так поздно.

You ought to be more attentive at the lessons. – Вы должны быть более внимательны на уроках.

6) To have (to)

Модальный глагол to have может употребляться в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем временах, образуя вопросительную и отрицательную формы по общему правилу (с помощью вспомогательных глаголов do, does, did). После него следует инфинитив с частицей to.

e.g. He has to get up at 6 o’clock. – Ему приходится вставать в 6 часов.

Does he have to get up at 6 o’clock? – Ему приходится вставать в 6 часов?

He doesn’t have to get up at 6 o’clock. – Ему не приходится вста-

вать в 6 часов.

Глагол to have (to) выражает обязанность и необходимость, обусловленную обстоятельствами (вынужден, приходится).

e.g. I didn’t want to go there but I had to. – Я не хотел идти туда, но мне пришлось.

7) To be (to)

Модальный глагол to be употребляется в настоящем и прошедшем временах и всегда с частицей to.

Глагол to be (to) выражает предварительную договоренность, планируемое действие.

e.g. We are to meet on Friday. – Мы должны встретиться в пятницу.

We were to meet last Friday. – Мы должны были встретиться в прошлую пятницу.

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Грамматические упражнения

16. Проанализируйте значение модальных глаголов и переведите предложения.

1.Nick can run long distances.

2.You mustn’t park the car here.

3.You may keep my book for a week.

4.It might be cold. Take your coat.

5.We needn’t buy bread. We have some at home.

6.John ought to be more careful with the dog.

7.You do not look very well. I think you should see a doctor.

8.I had to take a taxi in order not to be late.

17. Заполните пропускиподходящими посмыслу модальными глаголами.

1. You ... finish the work today. You ... do it tomorrow. 2. ... I take your pen for a moment?

3.Students ... talk at the lessons.

4.It ... rain, you ... take your umbrella.

5.My father ... speak two foreign languages.

6.I’m in a hurry. Mike and I ... meet in 10 minutes.

7.The shop was closed, so we ... come again the next day.

Тематический словарь

essential [I′sen∫l] – существенный, неотъемлемый essential foods

to encourage [In′kArIdZ] – поощрять, стимулировать

Don’t encourage him in his hopes.

to keep fit [′ki:p ′fIt] – поддерживать себя в форме to keep physically fit

to contribute to [kqn′trIbjut] – способствовать to contribute to one’s reputation

addiction [q′dIk∫n] – пристрастие hopeless addiction, addiction to drugs

competition [kOmpI′tI∫n] – соревнование, соперничество to take part in the competition

to surpass [sq′pα:s] – превзойти

She surpasses her classmates in maths.

to break [breIk] a record [′rekLd] – побить рекорд to break a national record

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to set a record – установить рекорд to set a world record

to achieve [q′t∫i:v] – добиваться to achieve one’s goal (цель)

to cheer for [′t∫Iq] – поддерживать, болеть за to cheer for one’s favourite team

to do sports – заниматься спортом to do professional sports

to work out – тренироваться to work out in the gym

to assist [q′sIst] – помогать

to assist in the preparation of the report

coach [kqut∫] – тренер

an experienced (опытный) coach

to provide with [prq′vaId] – обеспечивать, снабжать to provide shops with goods

amateur [′xmqtq] – любитель an amateur at sports

18. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.My parents encouraged me to learn foreign languages at school.

2.To keep fit you should do any sports you like and eat only healthy food.

3.Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health. 4. We’ll choose our winner by open competition. 5. A good sportsman must always break old records and set new ones. 6. You should work hard to achieve good results. 7. How often do you work out in a gym? 8. He is a very good tennis coach.

19.Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы после него.

Sport аnd Fitness

Sport is an essential part of our life. It makes us spend our time in an exciting way and encourages us to keep fit and healthy. Sport also builds our character, makes people more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities. It contributes to their creativity and more productive work. Sport helps us to be active, to overcome difficulties as it trains not only our body, but our will, too. It distracts people from bad habits, such as smoking, drugs and alcohol addiction.

Sport is also the way to meet a lot of people, even from other countries, to make new friends. There are no social and national differences in sport. Everyone is equal.

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The main idea of sport, its heart is competition. Games would be boring without results and records. Competition is an excellent display of skills, talents and strong will. It helps to improve and even surpass one’s abilities, to test oneself in a fair contest and of course it provides entertainment for sport fans.

Some people devote their life to sport and become professionals in this field. They break old records and set new ones. It’s often extremely difficult and takes months and years of hard work to make a record time one second shorter or a jump one centimetre longer. The most successful sportsmen achieve great results and become very famous and well paid. A lot of sports fans follow their favourites from competition to competition to cheer for them and share emotions with each other.

But a great number of people do various sports not to get any results but just for fun and better health. They may work out in the fitness centres being consulted and assisted by professional coaches or just go jogging, skiing, swimming etc., alone or together with some friends. Physical exercise is not only a hobby. Alongside the properly balanced diet it makes up the healthy way of life.

Much attention is paid to sport and physical education in Belarus as well as all over the world. Athletes are provided with all necessary facilities. There are a lot of stadiums, sports grounds, swimming pools, tennis courts and skating rinks both for professionals and amateurs in our country.

___________________________

being consulted and assisted – получая консультацию и помощь; properly balanced diet – правильно сбалансированное питание; are provided with all necessary facilities – предоставлены все необходи-

мые условия

1.How does sport build our character?

2.Sport unites people of different countries and nationalities, doesn’t it?

3.What is the meaning of competition in sport?

4.Is it easy for professional sportsmen to set and break records?

5.What benefits do successful sportsmen get?

6.Who are the sports fans?

7.What can a person do to keep fit?

8.What does the healthy way of life consist of?

9.What are the facilities for professional and amateur sport in our country?

20. Прочитайте диалог, заполняя пропуски подходящими предлогами.

–What time do you get up … (in / at / on) the morning?

–I always get up … (on / in / around) 6 o’clock and run … (of / for / at) an hour. How about you?

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–Well, I usually wake up … (for / from / at) seven, have breakfast and go … (on / for / to) a bicycle ride until ten.

–Oh, really? When do you go … (to / in / at) work?

–12 o’clock. I work … (on / at / in) the afternoon.

–What do you usually do … (at / on / in) your day-off?

–I play basketball … (on / in / at) the afternoon with some friends. How about you?

–Oh, I usually go … (for / to / at) the gym and work out.

21. Выберите правильные ответные реплики так, чтобы получился диалог:

A:Do you get much exercise?

B:1. How often?

2.Yes, I do.

3.How about you?

A:How often do you exercise?

B:1. I watch TV a lot.

2.Yes, I often do.

3.About three times a week.

A:What do you usually do?

B:1. I usually go swimming and play tennis.

2.No, I never do.

3.I go straight home after work.

A:Where do you go swimming?

B:1. Every day from 5 to 6.

2.I always go to the swimming pool.

3.No, I play tennis.

A:You’re really in good shape!

B:1.Yeah, I’m a real couch potato.

2.Oh, are you?

3.Thanks a lot.

22.Прочитайте диалоги и составьте по этому образцу собственные.

1)

–What do you usually do on your day-off, Mike?

–Well, I always get up very early, around 5 o’clock. And I lift weights for an hour.

–You’re kidding!

–No, and then I usually run for about two hours.

–Wow! You really like to stay in shape.

–And after that, I come home and eat a big breakfast. How about you?

–Oh, on my day-off, I just watch TV all day. I guess I’m a real couch potato!

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2)

–What great muscles, Steve! Do you work out in a gym?

–Yeah, I do.

–How often do you work out?

–Every day after work. You are in a pretty good shape, too, Linda.

–Thanks. I take an aerobics class twice a week and I also like to swim.

–Good for you!

–Well, of course, that’s partly because I want to lose five pounds by next month.

–I’m sure you’ll make it!

23. Разделите приведенные ниже названия видов спорта на три группы.

–team sports

–individual sports

–exercise

Aerobics, baseball, cycling, golf, hiking, karate, skiing, fishing, football, weight lifting, horseback riding, basketball, jogging, swimming, ice hockey.

24. Составьте из букв названия видов спорта.

•netsin

•ataker

•ekyhco

•gilcync

•msignmiw

•lsebaklabt

25. Какие из указанных видов спорта описаны ниже? soccer, lawn tennis, table tennis, cricket

a)The most popular English summer game, played by two teams of 11 players on a green field. It is very slow and long.

b)One of the most popular games, played on a large field with a round leather ball, by two teams of 11 players each.

c)A very popular outdoor game, played on a court with rackets in which the ball must pass back and forth over a net.

d)A game, played by two or teams of two players on a rectangular table using wood paddles and a small plastic ball.

26. Переведите предложения на английский язык, употребляя Participle I.

1. Занимаясь спортом, люди увлекательно проводят время. 2. Формируя наш характер, спорт делает нас более дисциплинированными.

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3. Спорт помогает преодолевать трудности, тренируя не только тело, но и волю. 4. Спортсмены, принимающие участие в соревнованиях, знакомятся с новыми интересными людьми. 5. Соревнование помогает превзойти свои возможности, являясь замечательным проявлением сильной воли. 6. Люди, посвящающие свою жизнь спорту, становятся профессионалами. 7. Фанаты спорта – это люди, болеющие за своих любимых спортсменов. 8. Вы можете заниматься спортом ради удовольствия, тренируясь вместе с друзьями.

Отдыхай с пользой

27. Прочитайте удивительные факты из мира спорта.

Believe It Or Not

–Sky-divers fall at speeds of up to 300 km per hour.

–In pelota (a game played in the Basque provinces of Spain) the ball can travel at 290 km per hour.

–The American wrestler William J. Cobb weighed 363 kg in 1962.

–The South African swimmer Karen Muir broke a world record when she was 12.

–Joy Foster was a Jamaican table tennis champion in 1958, at the age

of 8.

–Oscar G. Swahn from Sweden won a silver medal for shooting in the 1920 Olympic Games at the age of 72.

–The American boxer Muhammad Ali won $6.5 million for a single fight in 1976.

–Over 50,000 runners may take part in the “Stramilano”, a 22 km race round Milan.

–In 1974 Lynn Nolan Ryan threw a baseball at 162 km per hour.

–The cyclist Tommy Godwin rode 120,805 km in the year 1939 – an average of 330 km per day.

Do you know any interesting facts from the world of sport?

28. Какие русские пословицы соответствуют данным английским?

1.A good beginning makes a good ending.

2.Well begun is half done.

3.Never do things by halves.

4.It is the first step that costs.

5.Don’t put the cart before the horse.

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Урок 7

Health

Фонетика: Дифтонги [aI, eI, OI]. Согласные звуки [ʃ], [tʃ], [dʒ],[ʒ]. Грамматика: Прошедшее и будущее продолженное время.

Разговорная тема: «Здоровье».

Фонетические упражнения

1. Прочитайте следующие слова, содержащие дифтонги.

2. Прочитайте следующие предложения.

3. Прочитайте следующие слова с глухим [ʃ] и звонким [ʒ].

4. Прочитайте следующие слова со звуками [tʃ] и [dʒ].

5. Прочитайте следующие пары слов, содержащие звуки [S] и [tS].

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Словообразование

В английском языке некоторые прилагательные образуются при помощи суффиксов -ous, -y, -ed.

fame (слава) – famous (знаменитый) cloud (облако) – cloudy (облачный) wood (лес) – wooded (лесистый)

6. Переведите следующие прилагательные.

a) famous, dangerous, numerous, humorous, analogous, religious, poisonous, adventurous, glorious;

b) grassy, funny, windy, steely, stormy, tasty, thirsty, dirty, lucky, rainy, silky, silvery, rocky, woolly, speedy;

c) talented, wheeled, fair-haired, skilled, coloured, striped, bearded, strong-willed.

7. Переведите предложения.

1.Smoking is injurious to health.

2.Christmas is a religious holiday.

3.John is an ambitious boy, he wants to become as famous as Newton.

4.He stood by the curtained window smoking a cigarette.

5.The farmer was a tall, bearded man of sixty.

6.You have been guilty of a serious mistake.

7.Don’t ask silly questions.

Грамматический комментарий

Прошедшее продолженное время

(The Past Continuous Tense)

Прошедшее продолженное время (Past Continuous) образуется при помощи глагола to be в прошедшем простом времени и Participle I смыслового глагола.

e.g. I was writing to my sister at seven o’clock.

Past Continuous употребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, происходившего в определенный моментвпрошлом. Этотмоментможетбытьясенизконтекстаилиобозначен:

а) точным указанием времени (часа) или отрезка времени: e.g. I was waiting for you at ten o’clock yesterday.

Yesterday from 5 till 9 p.m. Mike was translating an article.

б) действием, выраженным глаголом в Past Simple: e.g. My son was reading a book when his friend came in.

в) параллельнымдействием, выраженнымглаголомвPast Continuous:

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e.g. While Ann was watering the flowers, Kate was making tea.

2. Для описания обстановки в определенный момент в прошлом, с которого начинается повествование, развитие действия, или для описания обстановки, на фоне которой совершаются события.

e.g. Last night we stayed at home. We didn’t want to go to the cinema or to the park.

My wife was playing the piano, I was playing chess with my son, my little daughter was building a toy house on the sofa.

Ввопросительных предложениях вспомогательный глагол стоит перед подлежащим.

e.g. What were you doing the whole evening?

Вотрицательных предложениях частица not стоит после вспомогательного глагола.

e.g. You were not working hard yesterday, you were enjoying yourself with the others.

Грамматические упражнения

8. Группа людей остановилась в отеле. Однажды вечером сработала пожарная сигнализация. Скажите, что каждый из постояльцев делал в то время.

e.g. Ann (write) a letter in her room. Ann was writing a letter in her room.

1.Don (have) a bath. 2. Carol and Dennis (have) dinner. 3. Tom (make) a phone call. 4. George (get ready) to go out. 5. David (watch) television.

6.Lucie (chat) with her friends in the hall. 7. Marcel (look through) the Financial Times. 8. Linda and Paul (quarrel). 9. John and Ringo (have) great fun in a hotel’s bar.

9.Скажите, что Джек делал в определенное время.

10. Поставьте вопросы к данным предложениям.

e.g. I was visiting my friend from 5 to 6 yesterday. (Who…) Who were you visiting from 5 to 6 yesterday?

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