учебник-английский

famous Belarusian playwright – were invited to be present at the unveiling of the statue (на открытии памятника).

1.What articles were published in the Belarusian journal “Monuments of History and Сulture in Belorussia”?

2.What was one of the articles about?

3.What monuments can people see in Arrow Park in New York City?

4.The poets wrote about their peoples, didn’t they?

5.Who was present at the unveiling of the statue of Yanka Kupala?

Text B

The first higher educational establishment on the territory of Belarus was the Medical Academy in Grodno. After having functioned from 1775 to 1781 it was closed due to the lack of money.

Now the republic has 44 state institutions of higher education: technical, agricultural, pedagogical, medical, economic. The largest of them are the Belarusian State University, the Belarusian National Technical University, the Belarusian State Economic University, the Belarusian State Academy of Arts, the Belarusian State Pedagogical University, the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy in Gorki.

1.What was the first higher educational establishment on the territory of Belarus?

2.Why was it closed?

3.How many state institutions of higher education are there in Belarus

now?

4.What are the largest of them?

22. Прочитайте текст и переведите его со словарем.

Do you know that…

The name “Belorussia” first appeared in official manuscripts in the XVth century. There are different hypotheses as to the origin of the name. One of the hypotheses is that the name comes from the fact that in ancient times “to be white” meant “to be free”. In the XIIIth century while East-Slavonic lands were under the Tatar-Mongol yoke, the North-West of Ancient Russ was free and that part was called Byelaya Russ at that time.

It is also known that the people of this part of the land were dressed in white. Their clothes were made of flax. They had fair hair and blue or grey eyes. Some historians explain the origin of the name from this fact. Which do you believe?

By the way, do you know that for many centuries Byelorussia had been called Litva and the Byelorussians – the Litvins (Литвины). And even the Byelorussian language in the XIXth century was rather often called Lithuanian-Russian.

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This was the case because, as you know, for almost five hundred years Byelorussia was a part of the Great Principality of Lithuania and the Byelorussian language was the official language of this great state.

23. Расскажите о Беларуси по плану.

• The Republic of Belarus is a beautiful country with rich flora and fauna.

• Belarusian people suffered a lot in the course of their history.

• Belarus is a highly developed industrial country.

• Belarus is a country of well developed science and culture.

24. Составьте викторину о Беларуси для студентов, изучающих английский язык.

Отдыхай с пользой

25. Прочитайте и переведите английские пословицы. Какие русские пословицы соответствуют данным английским?

1. Every bird likes its own nest.

2. Every country has its customs.

3. East or West, home is best.

4. There’s no place like home.

5. Rome was not built in a day.

6. Seeing is believing.

26. Переведите названия стран на английский язык и решите кроссворд по горизонтали. Прочитайте название страны по вертикали.

1.Британия

2.Германия

3.Польша

4.Латвия

5.Украина

6.Россия

7.Испания

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Урок 9

Great Britain

Фонетика: Трифтонги [aiq], [auq]. Согласные звуки [r], [l], [m], [n], [ŋ].

Грамматика: Прошедшее совершенное время.

Разговорная тема: «Великобритания».

Фонетические упражнения

1. Прочитайте слова, обращая внимание на произношение трифтонгов (сочетание дифтонгов с нейтральным гласным звуком) [aiə], [auə].

2. Прочитайте следующие слова с носовыми согласными (сонан-

тами) [m], [n], [ŋ].

3. Прочитайте следующие основные формы неправильных глаголов с заднеязычным носовым [ŋ].

drink – drank – drunk – drinking ring – rang – rung – ringing sink – sank – sunk – sinking cling – clung – clung – clinging hang – hung – hung – hanging

4. Прочитайте следующие слова с сочетаниями [pl], [kl], [bl], [tl], [dl], [fl].

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5. Прочитайтеслова, обращаявниманиенато, чтобуква«r» всочетании с гласной вбезударной позиции произносится как нейтральный гласный [ə].

sister, calendar, director, pleasure, farmer, feature, summer, power, chamber, rather

6. Прочитайте следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на связующее [r].

1.Ann’s sister is a teacher.

2.This collective farmer is a good fitter.

3.Have you a brother or a sister?

4.Is your father an agronomists?

7. Прочитайте следующие пары слов. Обратите внимание на одинаковое звучание, но различное написание и значение слов.

Словообразование

В английском языке некоторые прилагательные образуются от су- ществительныхприпомощисуффиксов-ic, -al. Такиеприлагательные обозначают наличие какого-либо качества или свойства.

base (основа) – basic (основной)

culture (культура) – cultural (культурный)

8. Прочитайте прилагательные с суффиксами -ic, -al. Переведите на русский язык.

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9. Образуйте прилагательные от существительных при помощи суффиксов -ic, -al (-ical).

e.g. drama – dramatic geography – geographical

10. Соотнесите прилагательные с существительными. Переведите полученные словосочетания.

e.g. scientific/achievements

– scientific achievements

Грамматический комментарий

Прошедшее совершенное время

(The Past Perfect Tense)

Эта видо-временная форма обозначает действие уже произошедшее (еще не произошедшее) к определенному моменту в прошлом, поэтому ее еще называют «предпрошедшим» временем. Данный момент в прошлом может быть выражен точным указанием времени (года, числа, часа и т.д.) с предлогом времени by (к) или другим прошедшим действием, событием или ситуацией.

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Past Perfect образуетсяприпомощивспомогательногоглаголаhad и Participle II смыслового глагола.

При описании последовательных событий в прошлом употребляется прошедшее время группы Simple. Если же последовательное изложение событий нарушается, то есть, если указывается действие, которое произошло ранее, оно выражается прошедшим временем группы Perfect.

В сложноподчиненном предложении с придаточным предложением времени Past Perfect может употребляться как в главном предложении, так и в придаточном в зависимости от того, какое действие совершилось раньше. Если сказуемое главного предложения обозначает действие, совершившееся ранее действия, обозначенного сказуемым придаточного предложения, то сказуемое главного предложения ставится в Past Perfect. Придаточное предложение времени вводится союзами before (до того, как; перед тем, как) и when (когда).

e.g. My friend had rung me Мой друг (уже) позвонил мне перед up before he went home. уходом домой (= перед тем, как по-

шел домой).

We had already reached the Мы уже добрались до деревни, когда village when it began raining. пошел дождь.

Если же сказуемое придаточного предложения обозначает действие, которое совершилось ранее действия, выраженного сказуемым главногопредложения, тосказуемоепридаточногопредложениястоит в Past Perfect и вводится в этом случае союзами after (после того,

как), as soon as (как только), when (когда).

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Грамматические упражнения

11. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.The students had had English classes by 5 p.m. yesterday.

2.They had passed exams by the time the holidays began.

3.I had had a chat with a friend of mine by the time the bell rang.

4.I had done my homework by 10 p.m. last night.

5.The teacher had explained new grammar to us by the time the lesson was over.

6.We had written all the exercises by the time we went home.

12. Соедините два предложения в одно с помощью союза “after”.

e.g. He spoke to the doctor. He felt much better.

He felt much better after he had spoken to the doctor.

1.I caught cold. I stayed in bed for three days.

2.He recovered. He went back to work.

3.They had lunch at a cafe. He saw her home.

4.He gave a big party. He broke a world record.

5.She decided to go to a holiday camp together with her friends. She let them know about it.

6.They saw all the sights of the city. Then they left.

13. Соедините следующие предложения, употребляя Past Perfect.

e.g. He made so many mistakes. The teacher wanted to know why. The teacher wanted to know why he had made so many mistakes.

1.I got the tickets for the hockey match. My friend wanted to know

how.

2.The child fell ill. The parents wanted to know why.

3.She left the party so early. The hostess wanted to know why.

4.He didn’t join us when we went to the theatre. We didn’t understand

why.

5.They made friends at a holiday camp. She didn’t remember how.

6.I promised to bring my friend a book. I forgot what book.

14. Правильно произносите следующие географические названия. the United Kingdom [ju:΄naItId ΄kIŋdqm] – Соединенное Королевство

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Тематический словарь

island [΄aIlqnd] – остров; поэт. isle [aIl] Isle of Wight – остров-Уайт

area [΄εqrIq] – площадь, пространство, сфера, область

The total area of Great Britain is about 90,000 square miles.

surface [΄sq:fIs] – поверхность

an uneven surface – неровная поверхность syn. landscape, topography

The surface of our country is not very hilly.

to vary [΄vεqrI] – разниться, отличаться, изменяться, варьировать syn. to differ

Opinions vary on this point.

mountainous [΄mauntInqs] – гористый syn. hilly

The northern part of Scotland is mountainous.

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mild [maIld] – умеренный, мягкий mildness – мягкость

a mild climate

The climate of Great Britain is mild and wet.

to inhabit [In΄hxbIt] – обитать, жить, населять inhabitant – житель, обитатель

inhabited – населенный syn. populated

feature [΄fi:t∫q] – особенность, черта, признак, свойство agricultural features – агротехнические особенности featureless – невыразительный

some main features of character; a leading feature to supply (with) [sq΄plaI] – снабжать, поставлять syn. to provide

supplies – припасы, продовольствие food supplies

Many animals and birds make food supplies for winter.

seldom [΄seldqm] – редко ant. often; a seldom visitor He seldom comes to our place.

rest [rest] (the rest) – остаток, остальное (-ные)

the rest of us; the rest of it = all the rest – остальное, другое for the rest – что до остального

due to [dju:] – благодаря; syn. thanks to

humid [΄hju:mId] – сырой, влажный syn. wet, moist

The climate of the British Isles is humid and mild.

plant [pla:nt] – растение, саженец; сажать, засаживать (with) In spring farmers begin to plant different crops.

(to) influence [΄Influqns] – влияние, действие; оказывать влияние, влиять

under the influence of smth. – под влиянием чего-либо; to influence smth.

The weather influences crops.

machinery [mq΄∫i:nqrI] – машинное оборудование, механизм

The country produces all types of machinery.

to operate machinery – управлять каким-либо механизмом

grain crops [greIn] – зерновые культуры

Grain crops are used for making different products.

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monarchy [΄mO:nqkI] – монархия monarch [΄mO:nqk] – монарх Great Britain is a monarchy.

chamber [΄t∫eImbq] – комната, палата (парламента) There are 2 chambers in the British Parliament.

county [΄kauntI] – графство (административная единица в Англии) county council – совет графства

county town – главный город графства

15. Прочитайте текст и выполните упражнения после текста.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the state. It is situated on the British Isles, the largest of them are Great Britain and Ireland. The area of Great Britain is 93,000 square miles (242,000 sq. km). The popu-

lation lives mostly in towns and cities. The United Kingdom is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish.

The United Kingdom consists of 4 countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. The British Isles are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the Strait of Dover, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.

The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and the western part of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland (1,343 m).

There are many rivers on the British Isles. The Severn is the longest of them. The Thames is the deepest river in the country. London, the capital of Great Britain, stands on the river Thames.

The climate of the British Isles is mild due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. Britain has much rain in all seasons. The British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. This type of climate is good for plants. Winters are mild, summers are cool. The temperature varies with the seasons but seldom drops below –10° C or rises above +32° C.

Great Britain is a highly industrialized country. Britain is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. There are many large industrial centres in Great Britain: Glasgow, Newcastle, Leeds, Sheffield and others.

Great Britain is a country with a highly developed agriculture. British farmers grow wheat and other grain crops, all kinds of vegetables and fruit. They supply milk and meat products for the population.

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