учебник-английский

Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The Queen’s power is limited by the Parliament. There are two Chambers in the British Parliament: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are two main political parties in Great Britain – the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.

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Administratively the United Kingdom is divided into 72 counties and 80 city-counties.

Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. Artistic and cultural life in Britain is rather rich. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge Universities.

16. Вставьте необходимые предлоги.

1.Great Britain is situated … the British Isles.

2.The United Kingdom is inhabited … the English, the Scots, the Welsh, the Irish.

3.The United Kingdom consists … 4 countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

4.The British Isles are washed … the Atlantic Ocean.

5.London lies … the Thames.

6.British farmers supply agricultural produce … the population.

7.The United Kingdom is divided …72 counties and 80 city-counties.

8.The Queen’s power is limited … the Parliament.

9.Great Britain is a country … old cultural traditions.

17. Закончите предложения, соединив две части.

18. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1.What is the official name of Great Britain?

2.Where is Great Britain situated?

3.What countries does the United Kingdom consist of?

4.How does the surface of Great Britain vary?

5.What are the most important rivers of Great Britain?

6.What is the climate of the British Isles?

7.What are the most important industrial centers of Great Britain?

8.What do British farmers grow?

9.What do you know about the British Parliament?

10.What are the most famous educational centres in Great Britain?

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19. Прочитайте текст “Jack Star” и найдите ответ на вопрос: Что значит слово “jack” в названии государственного флага Британии?

The Union Jack

This is the popular name given to the flag of the United Kingdom. Usually it is called the Union Flag and it consists of the flags of three countries united under one Sovereign.

It all began in 1603, when Scotland was joined to England and Wales. The Scottish flag, St. Andrew’s Cross, blue with the white diagonal cross from corner, was joined to the English flag, St. George’s Cross, white with the upright red cross.

Later, in 1801, the Irish flag of St. Patrick’s Cross was added, white with the red diagonal cross. In this way the British people got the Union Flag, which is red, white and blue. King James the First ordered the British flag to be flown on the main mast of all British ships. Here the flag was flown at the front of the ships, on what was called the bowsprit. The end of the bowsprit was called the Jack Star and so we get the name of Union Jack. By the way, “Jack” is an old word for a “sailor”.

20. Прочитайте текст “Animals, Birds” и ответьте на вопрос: “Do you have the same plants and animals in your country?”.

Animals, Birds

wild boar – дикий кабан reindeer – северный олень eagle – орел

badger – барсук otter – выдра seal – тюлень sea-gull – чайка

The fauna of the British Isles is similar to that of Europe. Some of the mammals such as the bear, the wolf, the wild boar and the reindeer have become extinct. The Britain known to the Saxons, Vikings and Normans was very different from the one we know today. Deer, wolves, bears and eagles were common. The origins of some of the place tell us about this. Derby means “many deer near one village”. Everton comes from “eofor”, which means “wild boar that lived in forests”. Nowadays, foxes, badgers and otters live on the British Isles. On various parts of the coast there are seals. Sea-gulls and other sea birds usually settle near the coast. There are three species of snakes, of which only one is venomous.

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Отдыхай с пользой

21. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: a) не читая текст; b) найдите ответы на эти же вопросы в тексте “The Eurotunnel“, сравните.

1.What countries does the tunnel connect?

2.When were the first attempts at building the tunnel made? 1882 1782 1982 2002

3.When was the work resumed?

in the 60s in the 80s in the 70s in the 90s

4.Why was it stopped?

5.When was it opened to traffic? 1995 1994 1996

1997

6.How do the passengers go? by ship

by train on foot by air

7.For how long does the journey last?

25minutes

35minutes

45minutes

15minutes

The Eurotunnel

The idea of building a tunnel between the Continent and Britain dates from the last century. First attempts at building the tunnel were made in 1882, but they were soon abandoned, as there was a threat that the French could use the tunnel for invading Britain. Then in the 70s of the 20th century, the project was resumed. But the work was stopped because of the lack of money. Finally in 1986 the government of Britain and France signed an agreement on building the tunnel and in 1994 the tunnel was opened to traffic. Now a traveller does not depend on weather. He can drive his car to the station and together with the car take the Euroshuttle train near Folkestone. In 35 minutes he and his car will be in Calais. Such a journey

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is called drive-on, drive-off (с колес на колеса) service. Eurotunnel runs passenger shuttle services every 15 minutes.

22. Употребите подходящее по смыслу слово в следующих пословицах.

1.An Englishman’s home is his… a) security

b) castle c) palace

2.… begins at home.

a)charity

b)learning

c)love

3.Birds of a … flock together. a) family

b) cage c) feather

4.It’s no use crying over … milk. a) sour

b) spilt c) tinned

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Урок 10

The United States of America

Фонетика: Правила чтения гласных. Согласные звуки [w], [j], [h]. Грамматика: Будущее совершенное время.

Разговорная тема: «Соединённые Штаты Америки».

Фонетические упражнения

Каждая гласная буква в английском языке имеет несколько вариантов чтения. Чтение гласной буквы зависит от того, находится ли она в открытом или закрытом слоге, а также сочетается ли она с другой гласной или с буквой r.

Открытый слог оканчивается либо на гласную (абсолютно открытый слог): be [bi:], me [mi:], либо на согласную, за которой следует нечитаемая буква е (условно открытый слог): name [΄neIm], nice [΄naIs]. В ударном открытом слоге гласные буквы читаются так, как они называются в алфавите.

Слогсчитается закрытым, еслионоканчивается насогласную бук-

ву: pen [pen], plan [plxn].

Таблица чтения ударных и безударных гласных

1. Прочитайте следующие слова, обращая внимание на варианты

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2. Прочитайте следующие слова и сгруппируйте их в 4 колонки по правилам чтения гласных букв в ударном слоге. Проверьте себя, руководствуясь таблицей чтения гласных букв.

Be, win, life, lake, come, did, can, my, bed, car, smile, sport, care, she, glass, believe, fire, phone, think, ago, too, person, here, bird, cup, burn, dog.

4. Произнеситесловасозвуком[w], имеющиеодинаковоезвучание, но различное значение.

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6. Произнесите слова со звуком [h].

Словообразование

Суффиксы -ence, -ance образуют отвлеченные существительные от глаголов и прилагательных.

perform (представлять, играть) – performance (представление, спектакль)

different (различный) – difference (различие) important (важный) – importance (важность)

7. Образуйте новые слова с помощью суффиксов -ance (-ence). Переведите их на русский язык:

a)apply, allow, appear, guide, interfere, correspond, accept, perform,

avoid

b)present, distant, patient, important, prominent, acquainted, excellent, brilliant, tolerant

Грамматический комментарий

Будущее совершенное время

(The Future Perfect Tense)

Future Perfect образуетсяприпомощивспомогательногоглаголаto have в будущем простом времени и Participle II смыслового глагола. shall / will have + Participle II

Вотрицательных предложениях отрицательная частица not стоит после вспомогательного глагола shall / will.

e.g. James will not have come back by Sunday.

Ввопросах вспомогательный глагол shall / will стоит перед подлежащим.

e.g. Will James have come back by Sunday?

Будущее совершенное время Future Perfect употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое закончится до определённого момента в будущем. Момент в будущем, до которого закончится действие, может быть выражен:

1. Обстоятельством времени с предлогом by (by five o’clock –

кпяти часам, by the end of the year – к концу года и др.).

e.g. By the end of the week we’ll have finished this work.

К концу недели мы закончим эту работу.

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2. Другим будущим действием, выраженным глаголом в Present Simple в придаточном предложении времени и условия с такими сою-

зами, как before (до того как), when (когда), as soon as (как только), after (после того как), if (если) и др.

e.g. When we meet next time, I’ll have read this book.

Когда мы встретимся в следующий раз, я уже прочитаю эту книгу.

Если Future Perfect употребляется с наречием already уже и другими обстоятельственными словами, то эти слова ставятся после вспомогательного глагола shall или will:

e.g. By the end of this week my friend will already have written his report on history.

К концу этой недели мой друг уже напишет свой доклад по истории.

Грамматические упражнения

8. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обратите внимание на употребление будущего совершенного времени.

1.– It is snowing heavily. Have you listened to the weather forecast for tomorrow?

– I hope it will have stopped snowing by tomorrow morning.

2.Julia will have finished all the housework by three o’clock and we’ll go for a walk.

3.We are going to buy a car. By the end of next month our family will have saved money for it.

4.The workers say that they will have built up a district by the end of this year.

5.She will have had lunch by the time we arrive.

6.I hope they will have repaired this road by the time we come back next summer.

9. ИспользуйтеглаголвскобкахвформеFuture Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. – Has George mended the iron for me yet?

– No, but he … it by the time you need it. (mend)

2. – Shall I tell Terry about the meeting when I see him tonight?

– You needn’t bother. Mr. Roscoe … him before then. (tell)

3. – I’ve invited the Carts for the weekend. But they can’t come if you haven’t finished papering the living-room.

– Don’t worry. I … it long before they come. (finish)

4. – Could you read this report soon? I’d like to discuss it with you.

– Let’s meet on Friday. I … it by then. (read)

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5. – The bus is late. When does the film start?

– At eight. So I’m afraid it … before we get there. (start)

10. Мистер Смит открыл свой первый супермаркет. Он рассказывает репортеру из местной газеты о работе супермаркета. Употребите глаголы в скобках в Future Perfect.

“ We start our work at nine o’clock in the morning. By that time all our shop-assistants (to fill) the empty shelves and counters with new tins and packets of food. By a quarter to nine Mrs. Miller at the cash desk (to count) the money. Then by 9 o’clock we (to open) the door. By 6 o’clock when we shut the door four women (to arrive) and by 8 o’clock they (to wipe) the floors and (to wash) the doors.

By Friday evening a van (to bring) most of our food. By 8 o’clock a lorry (to deliver) fresh milk.

11.Ваши родители уехали на неделю на море, а вас оставили дома

ик тому же нагрузили непосильной, как вам кажется, работой. Пожалуйтесь своему другу. Вы вряд ли успеете сделать все до приезда родителей.

e.g. I shall not have cut the grass by that time because it is very small

12. Вы организуете выпускной вечер. Обратитесь к друзьям за помощью.

e.g. – Helen, will you have found a disc jockey by the end of May?

– I think, I’ll have found him by the end of this week.

End of May: Send out invitations Friday 2nd June: Buy prizes Monday 5th: Make posters

Wednesday 7th: Order party food and drinks

Thursday 8th: Put up posters and decorations in the hall Friday 9th: Arrange chairs and tables in the hall

Тематический словарь

district – округ, район

the District of Columbia; a mountainous district

plain [pleIn] – равнина

the Central Plain, the Region of the Plains

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