учебник-английский

5.Is English the official language in Canada?

6.Is it cold today?

11. Употребите нужную форму глагола to be.

1.English … an international language.

2.I … interested in the history of agriculture.

3.My friends and I … always ready to help you.

4.You … so nervous. What has happened?

5.Mrs Collins … a very sensitive person, isn’t she?

6.Economics … his favourite subject.

12. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Поставьте общие или специальные вопросы (How many…?) к ним.

1. There are seven faculties at our university.

2. There is a bus stop near our house.

3. There are over 3,000 languages in the world.

4. There are 27 students in our group.

5. There is a big sports ground not far from the university.

13. Преобразуйте предложения, употребляя оборот there is / are.

e.g. This room has two windows. – There are two windows in this room. The dog is in the room. – There is a dog in the room.

1.The city has many monuments.

2.The children are in the yard.

3.This family has two children.

4.The car is near the house.

5.A week has 7 days.

6.A lot of people are at the stadium.

14. Переведите на английский язык.

1.Знание иностранного языка очень важно.

2.Сколько студентов в вашей группе?

3.Есть ли в библиотеке книги по английскому?

4.Его цель – получить продвижение по службе.

5.В моей комнате нет телевизора.

6.Они студенты нашего университета.

Грамматический комментарий

Глаголы to have и have got в простом настоящем времени

(The Verbs to have, have got in Present Simple)

Глаголы have и have got являются синонимами в значении «иметь, обладать». В 3-м лице единственного числа используется форма has /

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has got. Have got / has got часто употребляется в краткой форме: ’ve got / ’s got.

e.g. We’ve got a new car. = We have a new car. Ann has got two sisters. = Ann has two sisters.

Вопросительная и отрицательная форма может образовываться

Следует отметить, что формы have you? / has he? и haven’t / hasn’t

употребляются в современном английском языке значительно реже. В устойчивых выражениях, обозначающих действие или состоя-

ние, например have breakfast, have a shower, have a good time, упот-

ребляется только форма have / has, но не have got / has got. Вопросительные и отрицательные предложения с такими выражениями образуются с помощью вспомогательных глаголов do / does.

e.g. When do you have breakfast? Does she have dinner at home?

Грамматические упражнения

15. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.Do you have breakfast at 8?

2.Has your friend got a computer?

3.How often do you have a shower?

4.Have students got much free time?

5.Do your parents have tea or coffee in the morning?

16. Заполните пропуски глаголами have / has или have got / has got (иногда возможны два варианта).

1.I ... many friends at the university.

2.My brother usually ... lunch at school.

3.We often ... parties at weekends.

4.I can’t tell you the time. I (not) ... a watch.

5.Mike (not) ... coffee for breakfast, he ... tea.

6.We ... four classes a day.

7. ... your little sister ... many toys?

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Тематический словарь

at least [qt′li:st] – по крайней мере

We need at least two days to finish our work.

way of thinking – образ мышления

My way of thinking differs from yours very much.

mental abilities [′mentl q′bIlItIz] – умственные способности to develop one’s mental abilities

to appreciate [q′pri:∫IeIt] – оценить (высоко, по достоинству) I appreciate your help.

to broaden [′brO:dn] one’s outlook [′autluk] – расширить чей-либо кругозор

Travelling broadens people’s outlook.

value [′vxlju:] – ценность, значение cultural values, moral values

job promotion [′dʒOb prq′mqu∫n] – продвижение по службе

He will get a job promotion very soon.

to improve [Im′pru:v] – улучшать to improve one’s English

quality [′kwOlItI] – качество

fine (good, high) quality, low (poor) quality

to reduce [rI′dju:s] – уменьшать to reduce food prices

to obtain [qb′teIn] – получать to obtain very good results

to require [rI′kwaIə] – требовать

The house requires rebuilding.

task [′tα:sk] – задача

to cope with a task, a difficult task

major [′meidʒə] – главный, основной major part, major problem

area [′εərIə] – область

He is a specialist in the area of economics.

entertainment [ֽentq′teInmqnt] – развлечение

There is not much entertainment in this town.

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world community [′wq:ld kq′mju:nItI] – мировое сообщество

Ecological problems are the concern (забота) of the whole world community.

purpose [′pq:pqs] – цель on purpose – нарочно

on purpose to … – с целью … to fulfill one’s purpose

urgent [′q:dʒqnt] – актуальный an urgent problem

17. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

At least ten people, a strange way of thinking, high mental abilities, to appreciate deeply (greatly, very much), to broaden one’s outlook by reading, to be of no value, to get a job promotion, to improve the quality of products, to obtain no results, to require good quality, an easy task, major industry, in the area of biology, to everyone’s entertainment, the problems of the world community, to do something on purpose, to be in urgent need of something.

18.Прочитайте текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.Why is the knowledge of a foreign language important for an educated person?

2.How can a foreign language help people in their work?

3.What do we call people who know several languages?

4.How can the knowledge of a foreign language help people who go abroad?

5.Why is it a good idea to study English as a foreign language?

Studying Foreign Languages

Today it is quite evident that everyone should know at least one foreign language. Knowing one or more foreign languages makes it possible to get to know different ways of thinking, to understand a new culture. Learning a foreign language stimulates mental abilities and gives you a chance to appreciate a new literature, a different culture and to broaden your outlook.

Besides, knowing foreign languages has a practical value. It makes it easier to choose a profession and helps to get a job promotion. It helps to improve the quality of your work, because it reduces the time lost on obtaining the necessary information. At present many professions require a working knowledge of at least one foreign language.

There are a lot of people who know several languages. They are called polyglots. The more languages a person knows, the easier he masters a new one. As polyglots say it is difficult to begin. But when you start learning

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a third language «everything goes on smoothly». It is within everyone’s power to know, read and speak a foreign language. But one should regard learning a foreign language as a very important and serious task. The knowledge of other languages is very useful, especially if you have to work abroad or if you must read foreign literature in the original. If you know the language of a foreign country, you can talk to its people and understand what they are speaking about without anybody’s help.

It’s a good idea to study English as a foreign language. It is not only the national or official language of some thirty states, which represent different cultures, but it is also the major international language of communication in such areas as science, technology, business and mass entertainment. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization and other organizations. It is the language of literature, education, modern music, and international tourism.

Belarus is integrating into the world community and learning English for the purpose of communication is especially urgent today.

19. Ознакомьтесьсданнойнижеинформациейипродолжитесписок.

You’d be surprised how many people very often need English to do their jobs properly.

1.Long-distance lorry drivers travelling between Berlin and London.

2.Pilots, captains of ships and sailors (English is the international language of air and sea travel).

3.People who want to do business in English-speaking countries.

4.People who organize sports meetings.

5.People who translate songs or books from English into Russian.

6.Travel agents who organize tours to Britain, America or other Eng- lish-speaking countries.

7.Referees at international football matches.

20. Ознакомьтесьснекоторымиинтереснымистатистическимиданными относительно английского и некоторых других широко распространенных языков.

English Today

•English is a first language in 12 countries. The number of speakers is 350 million.

•People use English as a second language in 33 countries. The number of speakers is 400 million.

•People study English as a foreign language in 56 countries.

•The 10 most frequent words in English are: the, of, and, a, to, in, is, you, that, it.

•The 10 most studied foreign languages are English, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Arabic, German, Chinese, Japanese and Turkish.

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21. Заполните пропуски словами first, second или foreign.

In India English is a … language. In Brazil English is a … language.

In New Zealand English is a … language. In France English is a … language.

In Belarus English is a … language.

22. Общаясь с людьми на иностранном языке, важно принимать во внимание культурные и психологические особенности разных национальностей. И прежде всего необходимо следовать правилам этикета, принятым в стране. Прочитайте текст “Touchy Topics”, который познакомит вас с некоторыми нормами общения, характерными для США и Канады.

Touchy Topics

In the USA and Canada when people meet each other for the first time, they talk about things like family, work, school, or sports. They ask questions like “Do you have any brothers or sisters?”, “Where do you work?”, “What school do you go to?”, and “Do you like sports?”. They also ask questions like “Where do you come from?” and “Where do you live?”. These are polite questions. They are not personal or private.

But some things are personal or private, and questions about them are impolite. People don’t ask questions about a person’s salary. They don’t ask how much someone paid for something. It is OK to ask children how old they are, but it is not polite to ask older people their age. It is also not polite to ask people questions about politics or religion unless you know them very well. People don’t ask unmarried people “Why are you single?” and they don’t ask a married couple with no children “Why don’t you have any children?”

23. Прочитайте вопросы и скажите, прилично ли их задавать человеку в США и Канаде. А в нашей стране?

e.g. It is polite in the USA but it’s not polite in Belarus.

–What does your wife do?

–Do you believe in God?

–How much do you earn?

–How many children do you have?

–Why aren’t you married?

–Do you like baseball?

–How old are you?

–Are you a Democrat or a Republican?

–How much was your watch?

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24. Знаете ли вы, что в мире существует несколько вариантов английского языка? Одним из наиболее распространенных является американский английский, который довольно сильно отличается от британского варианта. Заполните пропуски вариантами, данными ниже:

jumper, fall, movie, corn, salesclerk, store, sweets, post, underground, crazy, cooker

25. Переведите предложения с британского английского на американский, пользуясь словарем из предыдущего упражнения.

1.To get there we can go by underground or catch a taxi.

2.Do you like autumn?

3.The timetable at our university changes very often.

4.Let’s send them a present by post.

5.Jill spent two hours in the shop. She drove all the shop assistants mad (свела с ума). At last she bought a pair of black trousers and two jumpers.

6.Would you like to go to the cinema? There’s a good film on.

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Отдыхай с пользой

26.Подберите к английским пословицам их русские эквиваленты.

1.A good name is better than riches. 1. Недоученный хуже неученого.

Урок 2

Biography

Фонетика: Согласные звуки [p],[b]. Гласные звуки [a:], [A].

Грамматика: Артикль. Настоящеепростоевремя. Порядоксловванглийском предложении.

Разговорная тема: «Биография».

Фонетические упражнения

1.Прочитайте слова, обращая внимание на произношение звуков

[p](глухой, произносится с придыханием), [b] (звонкий, в конце слов не оглушается).

2. Прочитайте следующие пары слов. Обратите внимание насмыслоразличительную функцию звуков [p], [b] в словах.

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3. Прочитайте слова, обращая внимание на долготу и краткость гласных звуков [a:],[A].

Словообразование

Суффиксы -er, -or образуют существительные от глаголов и обозначают действующее лицо или механизм, выполняющий действие.

to teach (обучать) – teacher (учитель)

to direct (руководить) – director (руководитель)

4. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -er и переведите их на русский язык.

To work, to farm, to plant, to grow, to lead, to write, to read, to speak, to sleep, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to found, to compose.

5. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -or и переведите их на русский язык.

To act, to visit, to direct, to invent, to generate, to indicate, to translate, to refrigerate, to collect, to select, to instruct, to dictate, to conduct.

6. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1.Are you a smoker?

2.Are you a good dancer?

3.Are you a heavy sleeper?

4.Who is an early riser in your family?

5.Is your friend a great talker?

Грамматический комментарий

Артикль (The Article)

В английском языке существуют два артикля: неопределенный (a/an) и определенный (the).

Неопределенный артикль (The Indefinite Article)

Неопределенный артикль (a/an) произошел от числительного one (один) и поэтому употребляется с исчисляемыми существительны-

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ми в единственном числе. Неопределенный артикль классифицирует предмет как представителя данного класса предметов: один, какой-

то, любой из, один из данного класса.

Неопределенный артикль (a/an) употребляется:

1)перед существительными, обозначающими любой предмет из класса предметов (часто после глаголов to be , to have(got), to see, to become, to take, to give, to want и т.п.):

e.g. Give me a pen! (подразумевается – любую ручку)

2)перед существительными, впервые употребляемыми в тексте (разговоре):

e.g. She was born in a village near Minsk. The village was not very large.

3)перед исчисляемыми существительными, употребляемыми после

There is …, This is …, It is …:

e.g. There is a letter on the table. This is an orange. It’s a very interesting

article.

4) в значении один:

e.g. She’ll come in a day or two. It costs a hundred dollars. 5) после слов such, what, as:

e.g. What a good idea! She is such a nice girl. He works as a doctor. 6) в целом ряде выражений: as a rule, as a result, a lot (of), a few,

a little, It’s a pity! It’s a shame!, to be in a hurry, to have a cold, to have a good time, to have a toothache, to have a rest, to have a smoke, to have a shower, to have a good appetite и т.п.

Определенный артикль (The Definite Article)

Определенный артикль (the) может употребляться перед любыми (исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми) существительными в единственном и множественном числе.

Он произошел от указательного местоимения that (тот). Определенный артикль индивидуализирует предмет: этот, тот.

Определенный артикль (the) употребляется:

1)когда мы хотим выделить предмет из класса ему подобных: e.g. Не is not the man I am looking for.

2)когда существительное упоминается в тексте (разговоре) повторно:

e.g. She was born in a village near Minsk. The village was not very large.

3)если перед существительным стоит порядковое числительное: e.g. March is the first month of spring.

4)если перед существительным стоит прилагательное в превосходной степени:

e.g. He is the best student in our group.

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