Latinska_Mova_Svitlychna2011
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ǯǨǵȇǺǺȇ ȹ 2
§ 9. ǵȈȋȖȓȖș.
ǷȖȕȧȚȚȧ ȗȘȖ ȌȖȊȋȖȚț ȭ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȭșȚȤ ȋȖȓȖșȕȐȝ
ɇɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɭ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɣ (ɫɢɥɨɜɢɣ), ɬɨɛɬɨ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɭ ɫɥɨɜɿ ɜɢɦɨɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɸ ɫɢɥɨɸ ɝɨɥɨɫɭ, ɧɿɠ ɧɟɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɢɣ.
ɍ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɢ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɞɨɜɝɿ ɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɿ. ɋɤɥɚɞ ɞɨɜɝɢɣ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɞɨɜɝɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ, ɿ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ, ɹɤɳɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ. Ⱦɨɜɝɿ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɿ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨ ɧɚɞɪɹɞɤɨɜɢɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɞɨɜɝɨɬɢ (Ø), ɤɨɪɨɬɤɿ — ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɫɬɿ ( ).
ȼɿɞ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɭ ɫɥɨɜɿ.
1.ɇɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɧɿɤɨɥɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɜ ɞɜɨɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ:
olla [óɥɥɹ] — ɛɚɧɨɱɤɚ fructus [ɮɪýɤɬɭɫ] — ɩɥɿɞ homo [ɝóɦɨ] — ɥɸɞɢɧɚ
2.ɍ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ ɜɿɞ ɤɿɧɰɹ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɞɨɜɝɢɣ, ɚɛɨ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ ɜɿɞ ɤɿɧɰɹ, ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ, ɹɤɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ.
Ƚɨɥɨɫɧɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɞɨɜɝɢɦɢ ɹɤ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɽɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɸ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɦ.
Ⱦɨɜɝɨɬɚ ɿ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɿɫɬɶ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɯ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ:
I.1. Ƚɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ ɛɭɞɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ:
ɚ) ɩɟɪɟɞ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɦ: TilƱa [ɬíɥɿɚ] — ɥɢɩɚ folƱum [ɮóɥɿɭɦ] — ɥɢɫɬɨɤ ɛ) ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɭɤɜɨɸ h:
extrӽho [éɤɫɬɪɚɝɨ] — ɹ ɜɢɬɹɝɭɸ ɜ) ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɢɝɪɚɮɚɦɢ th, ph, rh, ch: Arӽchis [áɪɚɯɿɫ] — ɚɪɚɯɿɫ
2. əɤɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɫɭɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ
-Ʊd-, -ǂl-, -ǎl- ɿ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ -Ʊc-, -Ʊd-: pilǎla [ɩíɥɸɥɹ] — ɩɿɥɸɥɹ
Viǂla [ɜíɨɥɹ] — ɮɿɚɥɤɚ
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aromatƱcus [ɚɪɨɦáɬɿɤɭɫ] — ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɣ hydrochlorƱdum [ɝɿɞɪɨɯɥɶóɪɿɞɭɦ] — ɝɿɞɪɨɯɥɨɪɢɞ liquƱdus [ɥíɤɜɿɞɭɫ] — ɪɿɞɤɢɣ
II.1. Ƚɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ ɛɭɞɟ ɞɨɜɝɢɦ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ: ɚ) ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ x ɿ z:
Oryza [ɨɪíɡɚ] — ɪɢɫ
ɛ) ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɞɜɨɯ ɬɚ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ, ɹɤɳɨ
ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨɪɢɜɧɢɯ b, c, d, g, p, t ɡ ɩɥɚɜɧɢɦɢ l, r, ɬɨ ɜɿɧ ɛɭɞɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ:
Belladǀnna [ɛɟɥɥɹɞóɧɧɚ] — ɤɪɚɫɚɜɤɚ, ɛɟɥɚɞɨɧɚ ampnjlla [ɚɦɩýɥɥɹ] — ɚɦɩɭɥɚ
EphƟdra [éɮɟɞɪɚ] — ɯɜɨɣɧɢɤ, ɟɮɟɞɪɚ
2. əɤɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɫɭɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ - njr-, -Ɨn-, -Ưn- (ɹɤɳɨ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɿɞɟ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ -um), ɬɚ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɩɪɢɤ-
ɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ -Ɨt-, -ǀs-, -Ɨl-:
tinctnjra [ɬɿɧɤɬýɪɚ] — ɧɚɫɬɨɹɧɤɚ ValeriƗna [ɜɚɥɟɪɿáɧɚ] — ɜɚɥɟɪɿɚɧɚ AspirƯnum [ɚɫɩɿɪíɧɭɦ] — ɚɫɩɿɪɢɧ camphorƗtus [ɤɚɦɮɨɪáɬɭɫ] — ɤɚɦɮɨɪɧɢɣ aquǀsus [ɚɤɜóɡɭɫ] — ɜɨɞɧɢɣ
cardiƗlis [ɤɚɪɞɿáɥɿɫ] — ɫɟɪɰɟɜɢɣ
Ɂɚ ɫɜɨɽɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɸ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɞɨɜɝɢɣ ɞɢɮɬɨɧɝ: Althɚɟa [ɚɥɶɬéɚ] — ɚɥɬɟɹ, ɩɪɨɫɤɭɪɧɢɤ
əɤɳɨ ɡɚ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɦ ɿɞɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ, ɬɨ ɜɿɧ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɹɤ ɞɨɜɝɢɦ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ:
amƯcus [ɚɦíɤɭɫ] — ɞɪɭɝ medƱcus [ɦéɞɿɤɭɫ] — ɥɿɤɚɪ
ɍ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɚ.
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§ 10. |
DzȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȭ ȗȐȚȈȕȕȧ |
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1.əɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɜɝɨɬɚ ɬɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɿɫɬɶ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɿ?
2.ɇɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɭ ɞɜɨɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ?
3.ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɢ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɭ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɜɿ?
4.ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɢ ɜ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɧɿɤɨɥɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ?
5.əɤɢɦ ɛɭɞɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ, ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɦ? ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɯ? ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ z, x? ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɢɝɪɚɮɨɦ? ɩɟɪɟɞ h? ɩɟɪɟɞ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɦ? ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɦ b, d, g, p, t, c ɡ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ r, l?
6.əɤɢɦ ɛɭɞɟ ɞɢɮɬɨɧɝ (ɞɨɜɝɢɦ ɱɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ)?
7.ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɢ, ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɞɨɜɝɢɣ, ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ.
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§ 11. ǪȗȘȈȊȐ
I.ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ, ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɧɹ:
gutta, olla, Calendula, officinalis, signatura, Erythraea, oxydatio, ArnƱca, nitrosum, Schizandra, Tilia, materia, Strophanthus, tinctura, Valeriana, Oryza satƯva, contraho, species antiasthmaticae, sacculus chartaceus, Adǀnis vernalis, Solanum tuberosum, gelatinosus, camphoratus, mixtura, solutio, UrtƯca, Octoestrǀlum, Viburnum, tabuletta, extrahit, Viola, Aethazǀlum, MethylƝnum coeruleum, Belladonna, Aloɺ arborescens, Sophǂra japonica, Salvia, gelatƯna, Kalanchoɺ, Bistorta, Periplǂca, pharmacopoea, argilla, emplastrum, chloridum, pilula, Gentiana, Betula, cormus, signatura, sanguis, Veratrum, Phellodendron, citricum, oxalicum, hydrochloridum, glandula.
II. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ, ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɱɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɧɹ: materia, urea, Glaucium, acƝtum, utƱlis, bacillus, bacterium, Kanamycinum, azotomǀnas, Polymyxinum, gonorrhoea, Salmonella typhi, Penicillium brevicaule, ClavƱceps purpurea, Staphylococcus aureus, Aureomyces kanamyceticus, benzǀlum, aethylium, Phosphǂrus, spirochaeta, familia, Solanaceae, histolyticus, aceticum, Digitalis ferruginea, pertussis, capsulatus, Thea chinensis, extractum standartisatum, pasta Zinci, fructus Rosae, sal carolinum factitium, Lavandula spica, medicamentum, globulus, Leonurus cardiaca, Zygoph ta, toxoplasma, nomen perplexum, Cyclodǀlum, Phytolysinum, hydroiodidum, Senecio platyphylloƱdes, Hydrastis canadensis, PlatanthƝra bifolia, cerebrum, frontalis, alveolus, ventriculus, Tilia cordata, complexus, diaeta, limpidus.
III. Ɍɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɭɣɬɟ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɝɪɟɰɶɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ:
ɞɢɩɪɨɮɿɥɿɧ(ɭɦ), ɨɤɫɢɞ(ɭɦ), ɫɢɧɚɧɬɪɢɧ(ɭɦ), ɮɟɧɨɛɚɪɛɿɬɚɥ(ɸɦ), ɬɿɨɩɟɧɬɚɥ(ɸɦ), ɟɬɢɦɿɞɢɧ(ɭɦ), ʉɥɿɰɢɪɿɡɚ, ɮɟɧɨɥ(ɸɦ), ɝɿɩɨʉɥɿɤɟɦɿɤ(ɭɫ), ɞɢɫɩɟɩɫɿɹ, ɝɿɞɪɨɥɿɡ(ɢɫ), ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɚɧ(ɭɦ), ɝɟɦɨɞɟɡ(ɭɦ), ɚɧɟɫɬɟɡɢɧ(ɭɦ), ɚɧɬɿɚɧɟɦɿɧ(ɭɦ), ɦɟɬɢɥ(ɿɭɦ), ɬɟɬɪɚɰɢɤɥɿɧ(ɭɦ), ɩɿɪɨʉɟɧɚɥ(ɸɦ), ɝɟɦɚɬɭɪɿɹ, ɝɿɩɨɤɫɿɹ.
§ 12. dzȍȒșȐȟȕȐȑ ȔȭȕȭȔțȔ
argilla, ae f — ɝɥɢɧɚ axungia, ae f — ɠɢɪ, ɫɚɥɨ farina, ae f — ɛɨɪɨɲɧɨ glandula, ae f — ɡɚɥɨɡɚ
lagena, ae f — ɩɥɹɲɤɚ; ɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɹ lamella, ae f — ɩɥɿɜɤɚ
membranula, ae f
nasoguttae, Ɨrum f/pl — ɤɪɚɩɥɿ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɫɚ
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oculoguttae, Ɨrum f/pl — ɨɱɧɿ ɤɪɚɩɥɿ, ɤɪɚɩɥɿ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɟɣ olla, ae f — ɛɚɧɨɱɤɚ
otoguttae, Ɨrum f/pl — ɜɭɲɧɿ ɤɪɚɩɥɿ pharmaceuta, ae m, f — ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬ pharmacopoea, ae f — ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɹ tuba, ae f — ɬɭɛɚ, ɬɪɭɛɨɱɤɚ scatula, ae f — ɤɨɪɨɛɨɱɤɚ
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɪɨɫɥɢɧ
Farfara, ae f — ɩɿɞɛɿɥ, ɦɚɬɢ-ɣ-ɦɚɱɭɯɚ
Frangula, ae f — ɤɪɭɲɢɧɚ Gentiana, ae f — ɬɢɪɥɢɱ
Oliva, ae f — ɨɥɢɜɤɚ, ɦɚɫɥɢɧɚ
Oryza, ae f — ɪɢɫ
Sanguisorba, ae f — ɪɨɞɨɜɢɤ, ɫɬɹɝɧɢɤɪɨɜ Saponaria, ae f — ɦɢɥɶɧɹɧɤɚ, ɦɢɥɶɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɿɧɶ
Terebinthina, ae f — ɬɟɪɩɟɧɬɢɧ, ɠɢɜɢɰɹ Thea, ae f — ɱɚɣ
Tilia, ae f — ɥɢɩɚ
§ 13. ǨȜȖȘȐȏȔȐ
1. Alma mater. — Ɇɚɬɢ-ɝɨɞɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɰɹ (ɲɚɧɨɛɥɢɜɚ ɧɚɡɜɚ ɪɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ).
2.Firma amicitia. — ɇɟɩɨɪɭɲɧɚ ɞɪɭɠɛɚ.
3.Sub rosa. — ɉɿɞ ɬɪɨɹɧɞɨɸ (ɬɚɽɦɧɨ).
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ǯǨǵȇǺǺȇ ȹ 3
§ 14. ǬȭȫșȓȖȊȖ. ǫȘȈȔȈȚȐȟȕȭ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȭȮ ȌȭȫșȓȖȊȈ
ɍ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ, ɹɤ ɿ ɜ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ, ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɱɚɫɨɦ.
Ʌɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɦɚɸɬɶ:
1.ɒɿɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɿɜ (tempus), ɿɡ ɹɤɢɯ ɭ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɜɠɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɿɣ ɱɚɫ — tempus praesens.
2.Ⱦɜɚ ɱɢɫɥɚ (numerus): ɨɞɧɢɧɚ (singularis) ɿ ɦɧɨɠɢɧɚ (pluralis).
3.Ɍɪɢ ɨɫɨɛɢ: (persona) 1 — prima,
2 — secunda,
3 — tertia.
4. Ⱦɜɚ ɫɬɚɧɢ (genus): ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɣ (activum), ɩɚɫɢɜɧɢɣ (passivum).
5. Ɍɪɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ (modus): ɞɿɣɫɧɢɣ (indicativus), ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɢɣ (imperativus), ɭɦɨɜɧɢɣ (conjunctivus).
6. ɇɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɭ (infinitivus).
§ 15. ǵȍȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȌȭȫșȓȖȊȈ (infinitivus). ǪȐȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȧ ȖșȕȖȊȐ ȚȈ ȌȭȫȊȭȌȔȭȕȐ ȌȭȫșȓȭȊ
ɇɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ — ɰɟ ɧɟɡɦɿɧɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ, ɹɤɚ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽ ɞɿɸ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɸ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɸ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɽ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ -re, ɹɤɟ ɩɪɢɽɞɧɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡ’ɽɞɧɭɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɨɝɨ -Ɵ-.
Ɍɨɦɭ, ɳɨɛ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɿɧɮɟɤɬɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɿɞɤɢɧɭɬɢ -re ɚɛɨ -Ɵre.
Ɂɚ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɸ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɨɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɨ ɬɿɽʀ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨʀ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ. Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɧɚ -Ɨ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɲɨʀ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ, ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɧɚ -Ɲ — ɞɨ ɞɪɭɝɨʀ, ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɧɚ -u ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ — ɞɨ ɬɪɟɬɶɨʀ, ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɧɚ -Ư — ɞɨ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨʀ.
ɍ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɨɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ, ɹɤɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ ɮɨɪɦɢ I ɨɫɨɛɢ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ, ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɸ ɛɭɤɜɨɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ ɚɛɨ ɡ’ɽɞɧɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɦ -Ɵ- ɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ.
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ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ: signo, Ɨre I — ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɢ contineo, Ɲre II — ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ coquo, Ɵre III — ɜɚɪɢɬɢ tero, Ɵre III — ɬɟɪɬɢ
finio, Ưre IV — ɡɚɤɿɧɱɭɜɚɬɢ
ɇɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ |
Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ |
Ʉɿɧɰɟɜɚ ɛɭɤɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ |
Ⱦɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚ |
|
|
|
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dƗre — ɞɚɜɚɬɢ |
dƗ- |
a |
I |
miscƝre — ɡɦɿɲɭɜɚɬɢ |
miscƝ- |
Ɲ |
II |
solvČre — ɪɨɡɱɢɧɹɬɢ |
solv- |
v |
III |
diluČre — ɪɨɡɜɨɞɢɬɢ |
dilu- |
u |
III |
audƯre — ɫɥɭɯɚɬɢ |
audƯ- |
i |
IV |
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§ 16. ǪȗȘȈȊȐ
1. ȼɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ:
colligƟre |
adjuvƗre |
linƯre |
finƯre |
extrahƟre |
macerƗre |
colƗre |
praecipitƗre |
olƝre |
valƝre |
scribƟre |
decorticƗre |
terƟre |
continƝre |
coquƟre |
studƝre |
extendƟre |
sanƗre |
adhibƝre |
siccƗre |
habƝre |
dividƟre |
contundƟre |
vivƟre |
2.Ⱦɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɬɪɢ ɛɭɤɜɢ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ:
constitu... (3) |
exprim... (3) |
percol... (1) |
depur... (1) |
rectific... (1) |
val... (2) |
refriger... (1) |
ting... (3) |
contund... (3) |
deb... (2) |
col… (1) |
contin… (2) |
fin… (4) |
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§ 17. ǵȈȒȈȏȖȊȐȑ șȗȖșȭȉ ȌȭȫșȓȖȊȈ (imperativus)
ɇɚɤɚɡɨɜɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɽ ɩɪɹɦɢɣ ɧɚɤɚɡ, ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ 2-ɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɚɛɨ ɦɧɨɠɢɧɢ.
ȼ ɨɞɧɢɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ -re. ɍ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ I, II ɬɚ
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IV ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɫɩɿɜɩɚɞɚɽ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ, ɚ ɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ III ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɜɨɧɚ ɞɨɪɿɜɧɸɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɿɡ ɡ’ɽɞɧɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɦ -Ɵ-.
ɍ ɦɧɨɠɢɧɿ ɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɯ I, II ɬɚ IV ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɩɪɢɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ -te, ɚ ɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɯ III ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ — -Ʊte.
Infinitivus |
Ⱦɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚ |
Imperativus singularis |
Imperativus pluralis |
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dƗre |
I |
dƗ — ɜɢɞɚɣ |
dƗte — ɜɢɞɚɣɬɟ |
|
|
|
|
miscƝre |
II |
miscƝ — ɡɦɿɲɚɣ |
miscƝte — ɡɦɿɲɚɣɬɟ |
|
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|
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solvČre |
III |
solve — ɪɨɡɱɢɧɢ |
solvӿte — ɪɨɡɱɢɧɿɬɶ |
|
|
|
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diluČre |
III |
dilue — ɪɨɡɜɟɞɢ |
diluӿte — ɪɚɡɜɟɞɿɬɶ |
|
|
|
|
audƯre |
IV |
audƯre — ɫɥɭɯɚɣ |
audƯte — ɫɥɭɯɚɣɬɟ |
|
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Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɸɬɶ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɚ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɭ ɡɧɚɯɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ: Dilue tincturam aqua. — Ɋɨɡɜɟɞɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɧɤɭ ɜɨɞɨɸ. Formate pilulas e massa pilularum. — ɋɮɨɪɦɭɣɬɟ ɩɿɥɸɥɿ ɡ ɩɿɥɸɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɚɫɢ.
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§ 18. |
DzȖȕȚȘȖȓȤȕȭ ȗȐȚȈȕȕȧ |
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1.əɤɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿʀ ɦɚɽ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɟ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨ?
2.əɤɟ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ?
3.əɤ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ?
4.əɤ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ?
5.əɤɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ I? ɞɨ II? ɞɨ III? ɞɨ IV ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ?
6.əɤ ɡɚɩɢɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤ?
7.əɤ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ? ɦɧɨɠɢɧɢ?
8.əɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɶ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɫɟɛɟ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ?
§ 19. ǪȗȘȈȊȐ
I. ɍɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɬɚ ɦɧɨɠɢɧɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ, ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɜɩɪ. 1, §16. ɉɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨɸ ɦɨɜɨɸ.
II. ɇɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀʀ ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɿ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ:
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dividƱte |
finƯte |
sumƱte |
destillƗte |
extendƱte |
valƝte |
linƯte |
contundƱte |
servƗte |
depurƗte |
adhibƝte |
miscƝte |
cola |
salvƝte |
forma |
refrigerƗte |
vivƱte |
audi |
da |
exprime |
III.ɉɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɭɫɧɨ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨɸ ɦɨɜɨɸ:
1.Misce. Da. Signa. 2. RefrigƟra et cola. 3. AudƯte attente. 4. Salve, salvƝte.
5.Vale. ValƝte. 6. Repete bis. 7. ConcidƱte et exsiccƗte. 8. Divide exacte. 9. ServƗte caute. 10.Bene exsiccƗte. 11. Solve et sume. 12. Praepara et da. 13. Recipe.
14.Adde caute.
IV. ɉɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɨɸ ɦɨɜɨɸ:
1. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɪɢɥɿɡɭɣ. 2. Ⱦɨɞɚɣ ɚɫɟɩɬɢɱɧɨ. 3. ɉɨɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɿ ɜɢɞɚɣɬɟ. 4. ȼɠɢɜɚɣ ɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨ. 5. Ɉɯɨɥɨɞɢ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɿɞɢ. 6. ɇɚɥɢɣ ɿ ɡɛɨɜɬɚɣ. 7. ɉɨɜɬɨɪɸɣɬɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ.
8.Ⱦɨɛɪɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɪɢɥɿɡɭɣ. 9. Ɂɦɿɲɚɣɬɟ ɿ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɣɬɟ.
V. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ, ɧɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ, ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ:
ɟɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ, ɞɢɜɿɡɿɹ, ɩɟɪɤɨɥɹɰɿɹ, ɩɟɪɤɨɥɹɬɨɪ, ɿɧɮɭɧɞɢɪɤɚ, ɪɟɩɟɬɢɰɿɹ, ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɫɬɟɪɢɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ, ɫɟɪɜɚɧɬ, ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɿɹ, ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬ, ɮɿɧɿɲ.
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§ 20. dzȍȒșȐȟȕȐȑ ȔȭȕȭȔțȔ |
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I ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚ |
(per)colƗre |
— ɩɪɨɰɿɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ |
dƗre |
— ɞɚɜɚɬɢ, ɜɢɞɚɜɚɬɢ |
(ex)siccƗre |
— ɫɭɲɢɬɢ, ɜɢɫɭɲɭɜɚɬɢ |
formƗre |
— ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢ |
(prae)parƗre |
— ɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢ |
(ɫɨn)servƗre |
— ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢ |
signƗre |
— ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɢ |
sterilisƗre |
— ɫɬɟɪɢɥɿɡɭɜɚɬɢ |
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II ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚ |
adhibƝre |
— ɜɠɢɜɚɬɢ, ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ |
continƝre |
— ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ |
miscƝre |
— ɡɦɿɲɭɜɚɬɢ |
salvƝre |
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valƝre |
— ɛɭɬɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɦ |
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III ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚ |
addƟre |
— ɞɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ |
concidƟre |
— ɪɿɡɚɬɢ, ɪɨɡɪɿɡɚɬɢ, ɩɨɞɪɿɛɧɸɜɚɬɢ |
dividƟre |
— ɞɿɥɢɬɢ |
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infundČre |
— ɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɢ |
repetƟre |
— ɩɨɜɬɨɪɸɜɚɬɢ |
solvƟre |
— ɪɨɡɱɢɧɹɬɢ |
sumƟre |
— ɩɪɢɣɦɚɬɢ |
(con)terƟre |
— ɬɟɪɬɢ, ɪɨɡɬɢɪɚɬɢ |
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IV ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚ |
finƯre |
— ɡɚɤɿɧɱɭɜɚɬɢ |
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§ 21. ǨȜȖȘȐȏȔȐ |
1.VivƟre est cogitƗre. — ɀɢɬɢ — ɰɟ ɦɢɫɥɢɬɢ (ɐɢɰɟɪɨɧ).
2.VivƟre militƗre est. — ɀɢɬɢ — ɰɟ ɛɨɪɨɬɢɫɹ (ɋɟɧɟɤɚ).
3. |
Divide et impera! |
— ɉɨɞɿɥɹɣ ɿ ɜɨɥɨɞɚɪɸɣ! |
4. |
Festina lente! |
— ɉɨɫɩɿɲɚɣ ɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ! |
5. |
ErrƗre humanum est. |
— ɉɨɦɢɥɹɬɢɫɶ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿɣ ɥɸɞɢɧɿ |
|
|
(ɋɟɧɟɤɚ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ). |
6.Gratia gratiam parit. — ȼɞɹɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɨɞɠɭɽ ɜɞɹɱɧɿɫɬɶ.
7.Gallinae albae filius. — ɋɢɧ ɛɿɥɨʀ ɤɭɪɤɢ (ɳɚɫɥɢɜɱɢɤ).
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ǯǨǵȇǺǺȇ ȹ 4
§ 22. ǟȔȍȕȕȐȒ. ǫȘȈȔȈȚȐȟȕȭ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȭȮ ȭȔȍȕȕȐȒȈ. ǹȓȖȊȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȜȖȘȔȈ. ǪȐȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȧ ȖșȕȖȊȐ
1.Ʌɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɿ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɞɿɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɪɨɞɢ (genus):
ɱɨɥɨɜɿɱɢɣ — masculinum (m),
ɠɿɧɨɱɢɣ — femininum (f),
ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɣ — neutrum (n).
Ɋɿɞ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɧɚɡɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɚ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ. Ɍɚɤ, ɨɞɧɟ ɡ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɿɜ ɱɨɥɨɜɿ-
ɱɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɭ -us (succus — ɫɿɤ, sirupus — ɫɢɪɨɩ), ɠɿɧɨɱɨɝɨ -a (bacca —
ɹɝɨɞɚ, gemma — ɛɪɭɧɶɤɚ) ɿ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ -um (folium — ɥɢɫɬɨɤ, extractum — ɟɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ).
ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɩɚɦ’ɹɬɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ — ɧɚɡɜɢ ɞɟɪɟɜ ɿ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ɤɭɳɿɜ ɧɚ -us ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɠɿɧɨɱɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɭ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ: Pinus, i f — ɫɨɫɧɚ,
Rhamnus, i f — ɠɨɫɬɿɪ, ɱɨɪɧɨɹɝɿɞɧɢɤ. Amygdalus, i f — ɦɢɝɞɚɥɶ.
ɍɫɿ ɧɟɜɿɞɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɿ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɪɨ-
ɞɭ (gummi, n — ɤɚɦɟɞɶ, dragɟé, n — ɞɪɚɠɟ).
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɜɿ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɬɚ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɚɯ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɬɢɫɶ ɞɨ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɨɞɿɜ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ: silva (ɠɿɧɨɱɢɣ ɪɿɞ) — ɥɿɫ (ɱɨɥɨɜɿɱɢɣ ɪɿɞ). 2. ȱɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɱɢɫɥɚ (numerus):
ɨɞɧɢɧɭ — singularis (sing.), ɦɧɨɠɢɧɭ — pluralis (plur.).
3. Ɂɜ’ɹɡɨɤ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɿ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɶ. ɍ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ 6 ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɿɜ (casus):
ɇɚɡɢɜɧɢɣ — Nominativus (Nom.)
ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɯɬɨ? ɳɨ?
Ɋɨɞɨɜɢɣ — Genetivus (Gen.)
ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɝɨ? ɱɨɝɨ?
Ⱦɚɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ — Dativus (Dat.)
ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɭ? ɱɨɦɭ?
Ɂɧɚɯɿɞɧɢɣ — Accusativus (Acc.)
ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɝɨ? ɳɨ? Ɉɪɭɞɧɢɣ ɬɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɣ — Ablativus (Abl.)
ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɢɦ? ɱɢɦ? ɧɚ ɤɨɦɭ?ɧɚ ɱɨɦɭ?
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