- •Куроченко ю. С., Махиня н. В.
- •Preface
- •Introductory phonetic-orthoepic course
- •Introduction
- •Introductory text*
- •Vocabualary practice
- •1. We use certain expressions in different social situations.
- •2. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets.
- •3. Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Match the sentences with the correct photos. The first was done for you.
- •1. Address the following people.
- •2. Insert a suitable form of address.
- •3. Fill in prepositions or adverbs where necessary.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Complete the conversations with the correct expressions.
- •3. Make up your own dialogues with the following word combinations.
- •4. Translate the following dialogues into English.
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •3. Match the story with the correct words.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Find the logical order of the following dialogue parts.
- •3. Translate the anecdotes into English.
- •Horoscope Chart
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •1. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.
- •2. Complete the sentences with the suitable words. More than one answer is possible.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the correct words.
- •4. From these jumbled words, find combinations to describe people, as in the example. Some of the combinations are hyphenated. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •1. You want to know about the following: someone’s general appearance / their height / their weight.
- •2. How would you describe a person in each of these cases?
- •3. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •4. Study the article and do the following activities.
- •Does Mother Nature Know Better?
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •3. Read the following dialogue. An Apartment to Let
- •4. Act as interpreter, translate Ukrainian lines into English. Examining an Apartment
- •1. Imagine you’ve just moved into a new flat, and for the first six months you can only have six of the following. Which would you choose?
- •2. Study the advertisements and find the following.
- •Introductory text
- •Everything about Time
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Choose the correct answer.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. Tell what’s the time:
- •3. Read the following dialogues.
- •4. Complete the dialogue.
- •1. Can you complete these sentences with the correct number?
- •2. Read the poem and tell what happened to Solomon Grundy during a week.
- •4. Speak about yourself and your country completing these sentences.
- •5. Read the joke and say how you personally appreciate time.
- •Introductory text
- •Do-It-Yourself-Forecast
- •Vocabualary practice
- •1. Say the following in one word.
- •Seasonal Affective Disorder
- •Introductory text
- •Natural Destruction
- •Vocabualary practice
- •Bank, resources, global, tropical, acid, ozone, industrial, car exhaust
- •If we want to look after the environment, there are certain things we should and shouldn’t do. Complete these two lists in suitable ways.
- •Survive, extinct, green, countryside, endangered, fumes, pollution, farmland
- •Improving Zoos
- •It’s Getting Hotter
- •Rethink Rubbish
- •An Ant’s Eye View
- •Introductory text
- •Telegraph and Telephone
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •3. Find the synonyms to the following words.
- •4. Make the annotation of the text, completing the following sentences.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •People – the great communicators
- •1. Read the following dialogue.
- •2. Find the logical order of the following dialogue parts.
- •3. Fill the gaps in these phone conversations with suitable words or phrases.
- •1. Study the information and express your ideas.
- •Basic Cell Phone Etiquette
- •2. Add other advantages and disadvantages of using mobile phone from your own experience.
- •Modern means of communication
- •4. Read the article and tell if there should be adopted restrictions on cell phone use in our country.
- •5. What do you think about the following statement?
- •Internet Craze
- •Introductory text
- •Our Lives and Computer Technology
- •1. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •2. Complete the following sentences.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •1. Add another word, abbreviation, or part of a word, to complete common ‘computer’ words and phrases.
- •2. Can you remember what these symbols mean?
- •3. Complete the text with the words in the box.
- •4. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •5. Read, smile and find in the Internet similar computer jokes either in English or in Ukrainian.
- •1. Read the following dialogue. Hooking Up My Computer
- •2. Read the dialogue and fill in the missing words. The first letter of each missing word is given.
- •3. Computers have many applications in a great variety of fields.
- •4. Study the information and express your ideas on the topic. Computer Effects on Human Health
- •1. Read the text and do the following tasks.
- •Computer – a Miraculous Device
- •2. Study the article and answer the questions.
- •Do Computers Rule Our Lives?
- •3. In small groups, choose one of the areas in the diagram below and discuss what computers can do in this area.
- •4. Mini-project.
- •Help Box
- •Introductory text
- •Juvenile Crime
- •Decide whether the following statements about the text are true or false.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Perceptions of youth and adulthood
- •Break, hear, come, leave, go Teenage Party Ends in Tears
- •1. Read the following dialogue. The Generation Gap: Myth or Reality?
- •2. What is your opinion of the following statements? Agree or disagree.
- •4. Read the text and do the activities that follow. Coping With Stress
- •1 ______________________________________________
- •3 ______________________________________________
- •1. Read the text and express your ideas on the offered questions.
- •2. Study the information about youth subcultures and tell…
- •3. Write a paragraph to fit this newspaper headline. Give some details about the crime and the court case using topical vocabulary.
- •Introductory text
- •The Best Shopping Street in the World
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •3. Match up the shop (departments) with the appropriate goods. Give answers in the box.
- •4. Say the same in one word or a phrase.
- •5. Fill in the blank with the corresponding words.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Read the following dialogue.
- •2. Find the logical order of the following dialogue parts.
- •3. Complete these lines from the conversations.
- •4. Explain clothing idioms and find equivalents in your native language. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Comparing shopping.
- •1. Read the text and check your ideas. Understanding the Information on the Label
- •2. Read the text and do the activities that follow. The best places to go shopping in the world, and how to pick up a bargain when you get there
- •4. Do the shopping crossword and check how easy it is.
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Ukrainian Cuisine
- •Things go better with Coca-Cola
- •To make, to become, to grow, to eat, to open (2), to call, to prefer, to give, to buy History of the Hamburger
- •Introductory text
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. Which symptoms indicate these diseases?
- •3. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words.
- •4. Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right.
- •5. What advice does the doctor give?
- •6. Translate the sentences into English.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Complete the following dialogue with the appropriate words from the box.
- •3. Below is step-to-step guide to artificial respiration. Put the jumbled sentences in the right order by numbering them (1 – 7). The Kiss of Life
- •4. Put the words into the gaps in the text.
- •5. Put the correct words from the table below in the above article.
- •6. Look through the article and state whether the sentences given after it true (t) or false (f).
- •Chocolate is Good for Your Health
- •2. Study the article and discuss the following:
- •Cleopatra’s Eye Make-Up Had Health Benefits
- •3. Read the article about eating disorders and tell whether you agree / disagree with the following statements:
- •Introductory text
- •The Use of Leisure
- •Vocabualary practice
- •4. Organize these words and put them in the correct columns below.
- •Valuable, afford, traditional, weird, video arcades, rhythm
- •Music Festivals
- •American County Fairs
- •Let’s Get Wet
- •Introductory text
- •Vocabualary practice
- •1. Match the words and word combinations from the left column with the definitions from the right column.
- •2. Find the ‘odd one out’. There may be more than one answer. Give your reasons.
- •3. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.
- •4. Read the sayings of famous people about art and decide which definition appeals to you most. You may choose several sayings to complete your own definition.
- •5. Read the following dialogue and discuss the after-dialogue questions.
- •1. Read the lines of a comic vaudeville ‘Romantic Fools’ by Rich Orloff.
- •2. What word or phrase is being defined?
- •3. Fill in the blanks below with the words in the box.
- •Blockbusters
- •4. Study the inside structure of a theatre. Which seats are the most prestigious / convenient / cheap / expensive?
- •5. Write out music styles mentioned in the text. Think of other styles, give their definition or description.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •American Graffiti
- •What’s the Point?
- •In the town (Directions, Street Notices)
- •Introductory text
- •Car Driving and Traffic Regulations
- •Vocabualary practice
- •1. Make up the words out of the given letters.
- •2. Find the topic-connected words among jumbled letters in the box.
- •3. Match the words or word combinations with their definitions.
- •4. Match the sign with the correct word below.
- •5. Choose a proper word from the box to complete the sentences.
- •School zone, pedestrian, one way, speed limit, yield, railroad tracks, left turn, u-turn, tollbooth, stop, enter, right turn, median, exit, speed limit
- •6. Translate into English.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Fill in the gaps of the text using the words in right-hand column.
- •3. You are at point X in the map. Follow the directions and write the name of the place next to each sentence.
- •1. Read the text and do the activities that follow. New York City Cab Driver
- •2. Read the text about the underground system in London, divide it into logical parts, entitle them. London Tube
- •Introductory text
- •Vocabualary practice
- •Carriage, resort, destination, arrival, cruise, brochure, cabin, platform
- •British Holidaymakers
- •Ellen Macarthur
- •A Safe Trip Abroad
- •Introductory text
- •Vocabualary practice
- •Advance, bunk beds, dormitory, double room, family room, key, reception, single room, twin room, vacancies
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •Bill, bottle, dessert, drinks, fish and chips, hungry, menu, non-smoker, order, table
- •3. Translate the following dialogues into English.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Translate the words in brackets in the correct tense form. Real Personal Service
- •1. Read the text and find examples of historical hotels in your own country. Hotel History. Inn
- •2. What would you say in these situations?
- •3. Disagree with the statements avoiding simple negations.
- •4. Lest we forget how difficult it is to master the English language, consider these travel and hotel signs from around the world. Try to say them correctly.
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Choose one suitable word underlined in each sentence.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. Choose the correct variant.
- •3. Choose the correct response out of two. If both responses are acceptable, choose the one that sounds more natural.
- •4. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.
- •5. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •2. Read the text, putting the verbs in the proper tense form.
- •3. Work in pairs. Make up the dialogues on the following situations:
- •4. Guess what holidays (American, Ukrainian and British) are described in the following sentences. The answers are given below.
- •Halloween: Holiday of the Dead
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.
- •3. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentences.
- •4. Match the halves of the sentence.
- •5. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Translate these questions into English and answer them.
- •4. Put words in the correct order. Add some words if necessary. The City of Odesa
- •5. Render this text in English.
- •1. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •4. Paraphrase the parts of the sentences in bold type using words and word combinations from the text. Change the new sentences if it is required.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •3. Find the ‘odd one out’. There may be more than one answer. Give your reasons.
- •4. What do you think a good language learner does? Make up as many sentences as possible with the phrase given in the table.
- •5. Match the words and word combinations with their explanation.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where required.
- •1. Read the following dialogue.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Decide which answer – a, b, c or d – best fits each space and read the story given below. Experience in Learning a Foreign Language
- •The English-Speaking World
- •Канадський варіант англійської мови.
- •How the Americans Speak English
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Choose the correct answer.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. There are 15 words in this word square that are connected with money. Find 14 more by looking across or down the word square.
- •3. What can you say in these situations? Complete the sentences but don’t use the underlined words and phrases.
- •4. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.
- •5. Match the words and word combinations from the left column with the definitions from the right column.
- •6. Choose one suitable word underlined in each sentence.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Choose the most suitable response to each sentence (a-I) from the sentences (1-9).
- •3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •4. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.
- •5. Read the conversations below and guess the meanings of the phrases in bold. Match them with the definitions after the dialogues.
- •1. Read the text and do the tasks given after it. Making a Million
- •2. Read and explain the following quotations.
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and phrases.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. Translate the words given in brackets.
- •3. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.
- •4. Choose the correct word in each sentence.
- •5. Choose the correct option.
- •6. Translate the following sentences.
- •4. Read the dialogues.
- •5. What would you say if you took part in these dialogues?
- •6. Translate the dialogues into English.
- •1. Study the following information carefully and give answers to the questions.
- •3. Read the sample of application form. What is the difference between application form and resume? Try to fill in the following:
- •Family relations
- •Appearance and Character
- •Dwelling and its Types
- •Time and Dates
- •Natural Phenomena in Weather and Seasons
- •Global Environmental Problems
- •Modern Means of Communication
- •Computer in Our Life
- •Youth Problems
- •Shops and Shopping
- •Food and Meals
- •Leisure Time
- •In the town
- •Traveling and Going through Customs
- •Home and Foreign Holidays and Traditions
- •Ukraine
- •English-speaking countries
- •Money, Currency, Finance
- •Job Hunting
Канадський варіант англійської мови.
Особливістю мови канадців є дуже м’яка вимова. Через звичку закінчувати висловлення питанням “так?” здається, що вони постійно запитують: “Чи погоджуєтесь ви зі мною?” Написання в Канаді відповідає нормам Великобританії: theatre, centre, harbour, neighbourhood, realise. Проте деякі предмети канадці називають не так, як англійці: диван називається давнім англійським словом chesterfield, серветка стала французькою serviette, собака не загубився, а зник, і корінні мешканці не індіанці й не корінні американці, а перші народи. Торонто знаходиться в провінції, а не в штаті Онтаріо; слово “штати” має значення Сполучені Штати. Канадський варіант англійської мови відрізняється від британського й американського, але не турбуйтеся – вас там зрозуміють!
BLOCK III
Read the text and do the tasks given after it.
How the Americans Speak English
Although the USA is by far the most powerful of the English-speaking countries, the English that is taught in most parts of the world is British English. Besides, British English is the “mother language” upon which аll English, written or spoken, is based, including American English. Many Americans regard Britain culturally as the Mother Country. Americans read English literature without any difficulty at all, and British readers of the early 20th century have no problems either. But for the last 60 years the Americans have been inventing а whole bunch of new words and phrases, many of which have already reached the UK and the whole English -speaking world. In fact, the Americans have exported а large number of their words and phrases to Britain – through literature, the movies, TV and tourists.
The following words and phrases, among countless others, are of American origin: teenager, boyfriend, radio, commuter, (football) fan, aisle (way down the middle of а church, train or theatre), hold-up (robbery), right away (at once), slip up (make а mistake), beat up (give somebody а beating), let’s face it (let’s admit), be in the red (in debt to your bank).
Of course, there are some American words that are peculiar to the USA and are quite different from their equivalents in the rest of the English-speaking world. Here is а list of some of the most important:
Am. English Br. English
fall autumn
elevator lift
schedule (розклад) timetable
drugstore (аптека) chemist’s shop
apartment flat
drapes (штори) curtains
to line up (стояти в черзі) to queue
candy sweets
Inc. (Incorporation) Co. (Company)
subway (метро) underground (tube)
fill up (заповнювати бланк) fill in
restroom (toilet) lavatory, loo, w.c., (toilet)
gas(oline) petrol
physician (лікар) doctor
car (вагон) carriage
baggage luggage
railroad railway
napkin serviette
cookie biscuit
oatmeal porridge
rent (орендувати) hire
one-way ticket single ticket (квиток в один напрямок)
round-trip ticket return ticket (квиток в обидва напрямки)
There are complications, too, with the time, the date and with numbers.
Am. English Br. English
What time is it? What’s the time?
a quarter after four (4.15) a quarter past four (4.15)
a quarter of five (4.45) a quarter to five (4.45)
Monday through Friday (from) Monday to Friday
April 12, 2006 would appear in a hotel register, on a birth certificate, at the top of the letter, as:
4/12/2006 (month first) in US 12/4/2006 (day first) in UK
Americans and British use different greeting. In the USA the commonest greeting is “Hi!”. In Britain it is “Hallo!” or “How do you do?”. “Hi!” is creeping into British English too. When introducing to someone, the Americans say, “Glad to know you”. The British say, “How do you do?” or “Pleased to meet you”.
The British constantly use “got” in the sense of “have”. The Americans hardly ever do.
Am. English: Do you have a car (room, etc.)? Yes, I do.
Brit. English:Have you got a car (room, etc.)? Yes. I have.
Pronunciation can often cause misunderstandings.
Informal contractions (short forms of other words that people use when speaking casually) are common in American English. For example, “gonna” is a short form of “going to” (What are you gonna do?). Other examples: ain’t = am not / are not / is not (I ain’t sure); gimme = give me (Can you gimme a hand?); gotta = (have) got to (I gotta go now); kinda = kind of (She’s kinda cute); lemme = let me (Lemme go!); wanna = want to (I wanna go home.).
Finally, there is а number of differences between American and British English in the spelling of words, e.g. check (US) / cheque (UK); centre (US) / centre (UK). Many American English words ending in “–or” like honor, vigor, labor are spelt in British English with an “–our”: honour, vigour, labour. Many verbs in American English with “-ize” or “-izing” forms like organize, realizing, are spelt in British English “-ise”, “-ising”, - organise, realising. In American English, “practice” is used both for the verb and noun. In British English, the verb is spelt “practise” and the noun “practice”. In the main, American English avoids the doubling up of consonants in nouns and verbs while British English does not. In American English, for example, one writes “travel, traveled, traveling, traveler”, while in British English, one writes “travel, travelled, travelling, traveller”.
a) Answer the following questions.
Why more British English is taught in the world than American English?
What has caused so many American words and phrases to become part of the British English dictionary?
How would you characterize general tendency in characteristics of American English: simplification or complication?
Why might it upset you if your American bank manager told you that you were badly “in the red”?
What dо you mean when you say “it was а misunderstanding”?
It was once predicted that British and American English would draw so far apart that eventually they would become separate languages. What is your attitude towards this statement?
b) Try to define who these sentences belong to: аn American or а Briton.
1. The subway will take you to the railroad station.
2. These things are found in drugstores. There’s one close to the gas station.
3. Ask the receptionist. She will direct you to the centre of the city and tell you which tube station is the nearest.
4. You should have bought а return ticket, there would be no need to queue for the ticket office.
5. Mr. Smith would like to hire а car but he wonders where he саn change money.
6. The coach stop is quite near the filling station, and if you read the timetable you'll see if we have time for the pub.
7. I want to get downtown. Will the streetcar take mе there?
8. I'm sorry, your number is engaged. Shall I try and put you through later?
9. The toilet’s on the ground floor. Go past the chemist’s and there you’ll see it.
10. There’s no need for you to queue up with your telegramme.
11. He’s going to stay with us Saturday through Wednesday.
c) Without consulting the text, give the American English for the following British English words and phrases.
biscuit; curtain; to fill in а form; from Monday to Friday; to queue; What's the time, please?; twenty-five past six; petrol; chemist’s; How dо you dо?; at the moment; autumn; luggage; honour; Have you got a flat?
d) Read the dialogue between Peter and Brian on difference between British and American English. Fill in the gaps with the corresponding American equivalents of the English words.
P: Brian, I feel confused sometimes. Which is British and which is American?
B: Don’t worry. It doesn't really matter very much.
P: But sometimes people don’t understand mе. And yesterday I had а problem. I got the wrong floor.
B: Did you really?
P: Yes, I got into the elevator...
B: Into the _____ _____.
P: Yes, into the ______ _____. And I pressed the button to the fifth floor.
B: And you got out on the American _____ ______?
P: Right. Then I remembered that I was not in America.
B: You should remember that there is also а ground floor in Britain.
P: And I also made а mistake when I _____ _____ the form.
B: Filled in you mean.
P: Oh, thanks, filled in. I wrote mу date of birth the American way.
B: The ________ you were born in first?
P: Exactly. It's so difficult to keep every small difference in mind.
B: I think you really needn't. If somebody doesn't understand you, he'll ask you about it.
P: Thank you, Brian. You've helped mе а lot. I wonder if you would like to come to Chicago for your vacation. When are you going to have your holidays? In the ________?
B: In autumn. _______ is American again.
P: Well, if you come to Chicago I’ll learn more British English from you.
e) Work in pairs. You are on your holidays in Great Britain (the USA). Using the specific vocabulary given before, make up a short dialogue in the situations:
of buying a ticket;
in a train;
eating out;
informal conversation between friends;
asking about the time;
inquiring about a new dwelling.
BLOCK IV
Topics for discussion and essays.
|
1. Comment on the thought: ‘No language, no country’. 2. What languages apart from English can be called ‘lingua franca’? 3. English-speaking countries – things in common. 4. Do you happen to know the history of your own language? 5. Name the ways of the development of English. 6. Is American English a separate language or a variant of English? Why? 7. What point is more useful in learning English – fluency or accuracy? 8. Describe the personality of an excellent language learner, his (her) traits and abilities. |
LESSON 21
Money
Good name is better than riches.
Money makes the world go round.
I rob banks because that’s where the money is.
One must be poor to know the luxury of giving.
If you want to feel rich, just count the things you have
that money can’t buy.
The real measure of your wealth is how much you’d be worth if you lost all your money.