14 Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на союз that, вводящий придаточное предложение в позиции прилагательного.

1 It is a device that transmits motion into work. 2 So are the turbines that turn the generators that produce electricity. 3 Internal com­bustion engines that use petroleum products are also prime-movers. 4 James Watt wanted to describe the work in terms that his customers could easily understand. 5 Force is an effort that results in physical change.

15 Какое из двух предложений каждой пары точнее отражает содержание текста?

a) 1 If a device transmits force into motion it is called a machine.2.If a device transmitted force into motion it would be called a machine.

2. 1.If you stand and hold weight, you are not doing work in engineering sense. 2 If you stood and held weight, you would not be doing work.

3. 1.If you raised the weight, you would be doing work. 2. If you raise the weight, you are doing work.

16 Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

a) 1 Without our professor's help the work would have had many more mistakes. 2 In the entrance exams he missed some questions which a schoolboy could have answered. 3 This is a hypothesis which could be proved only by the discovery of the new chemical element. 4 There are three other designs where this material could he applied. 5 Provided the laboratory continued this experiment, it would take them three years to complete it. 6 Unless he worked hard he wouldn't pass the exam. 7 If the conditions were unchanged, the automobile would travel 60 km per hour. 8 If the pulley had been frictionless the effort E would have been exactly equal to the load W. 9 Supposing you accepted this offer, what would you say?

b) 1 If highly durable metal alloys had not been developed, there would be no modern rockets and aviation today. 2 If we could obtain ultrahigh-strength and super-refractory materials having close-packed structures the efficiency of all heat engines would approach 100 percent, as it would be possible for designers to use higher temperatures that today seem unthinkable; the motors could be made far lighter and more com­pact, since not only their efficiency, but also their specific output would be raised by several times.

17 Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод союзов:

as –в качестве; так же... как и; поскольку; когда, в то время как; if– если; ли; since – так как, поскольку; с тех пор как.

1. 1.At that time the production of lorries was badly required as the country was carrying out industrialization and mechanization of agri­culture. 2 As a building material aluminium is the best.3 Aluminium is as strong as steel. 4 The principal work of the engineer is design as he has to design products, machines and production systems.5 As he was making his experiments he came to the solution of this problem.

1 A steam turbine designer must take those processes into account if he is to step up the efficiency, reliability and erosion resistance of the turbine. 2 If parts rubbing on each other are not separated by a film of lubricant, the surface will rub and rapidly wear away. 3 If the, reinforced plastics will be used in this car depends on the results of the test. 4 The head engineer asked if all the engineers of the shop had gathered.

c) 1 Many years have passed since the first Moskvitch was put into mass production. 2 Since it is a machine that produces power, it is called the engine. 3 Since the results were bad the engineer repeated his experiment. 4 Since the power station was started it has operated well.