4KTJ5[1]
.pdfIllinois |
Nevada |
Indiana |
New York |
Kansas |
Ohio |
Kentucky |
Oklahoma |
Louisiana |
Oregon |
2. Guess the name of the country described in each paragraph.
(1)It is the world’s largest island and the smallest continent. It’s area is about the same as that of the USA (without Alaska). It’s washed by Pacific and Indian oceans.
(2)This country is washed by the Indian ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. It’s situated on the Indostan peninsula. The highest mountains in the world, the Himalayas, are situated in the country.
(3)It is the world’s second largest country. It has six time zones, ten provinces and two national languages (English and French). It has more lakes and rivers than any other country. Three quarters of the country are uninhabited: there are still wild and lonely areas where you can see polar bears and wolves.
(4)It is in the South East Asia. It consists entirely of islands. There are about 3 000 of them. It has the world second longest coastline at 54 680 km ( 33 978 miles) but it is only the fifteenth largest nation. It is washes by the Indian ocean and the seas of Pacific Ocean.
QUIZ «GREAT BRITAIN»
1. How many countries are there in the UK? a. 2; b. 3; c. 4.
2.Who is the head of State? a. the President;
b. the King or the Queen; c. the Prime Minister.
3.Everybody knows that London is the capital of the UK, but can you name the
capitals of 1) Northern Ireland; 2) Scotland; 3) Wales?
1.a. Edinburg; b. Dublin; c. Belfast.
2.a. Glasgow; b. Edinburgh; c. Aberdeen.
3.a. Bristol; b. Cardiff; c. Birmingham.
4.Which of the following is an emblem of England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland? Shamrock, Rose, Thistle, Leek.
5.Where did the Beatles come from?
London; b. Manchester; c. Liverpool.
6.The Queen lives at a. 10, Downing Street; b. 221 B, Baker Street; c. Buckingham Palace.
7.Eisteddfod is
a.a place-name in Scotland;
b.Welsh festival of music and poetry;
141
c. an Irish national dance.
8. The United Kingdom has the land border with a. France; b. Portugal; c. Irish Republic.
9.What is the favourite sport of the UK? a. football; b. baseball; c. golf
10.They say the Loch Ness Monster lives in a lake in a. Scotland; b. Wales; c. Ireland.
11.What languages are spoken in the UK?
12.Which of the following is the patron saint of England, Scotland, and Ireland? St George, St Andrew, St Patrick.
Прочитайте тексты, переведите их на английский язык и обсудите в парах (задайте вопросы, составьте мини-диалоги)
НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ СИМВОЛЫ СТРАНЫ.
Основными символами государства являются флаг, герб и гимн:
Всем известно, что британский флаг часто называют Юнион Джек. Это название берет свое начало с тех времен, когда флаги Юнион использовались на судах. Он представляет эмблемы трех стран под одним командованием. На флаге появляется несколько эмблем. Это кресты трех святых покровителей.
Красный крест на белом фоне – крест святого Георга, покровителя Англии. Белый диагональный крест на голубом фоне – крест святого Андрея, покровителя Шотландии. Красный диагональный крест на белом фоне – крест святого Патрика, покровителя Ирландии.
В 1801 году появилась последняя версия флага, она последовала за объединением Великобритании с Ирландией и он включил в себя крест святого Патрика. Крест все еще на флаге Британии, хотя только Северная Ирландия является частью Соединенного Королевства.
Вы не найдете на флаге Уэльс, так как его там нет. Когда появилась первая версия флага, Уэльс уже был объединен с Англией. Национальный флаг Уэльса – красный дракон на зелено – белом фоне. Он дотируется XV веком.
Британский национальный гимн – это патриотическая песня, которая была впервые представлена в 1745 году.
Во время официальных церемоний исполняется только первый куплет песни. Вот он: Господи, спаси нашу славную королеву!
Пусть долго живет наша благородная королева! Господи, спаси королеву!
Пошли ей победного Счастливого и славного Долгого правления!
Господи, спаси нашу королеву!
Американский флаг часто называют «звезды и полосы», так же иногда «старая слава». Он символизирует развитие нации. На нем 13 горизонтальных полосок, из которых 7 – красные, а 6 – белые, которые представляют 13
142
первоначальных штатов. В верхнем левом углу расположены 52 белые звездочки на синем фоне: каждая звезда обозначает один штат.
Государственный гимн Америки называется «Усыпанный звездами флаг». Слова его были написаны во время англо – американской войны 1812 – 1814гг. и положены на мелодию одной старой песни. У каждого штата свой собственный флаг, свой собственный символ и свой собственный гимн.
Орел стал национальной эмблемой страны в 1782 году. У него есть так же оливковая веточка (символ мира) и стрелы (символ силы). Орла можно также увидеть на обратной стороне доллара.
Статуя Свободы – символ американской демократии. Она стоит на острове Свободы в Нью-Йорке. Когда люди приезжают в Нью-Йорк морем, то первое, что они видят – это Статуя Свободы. Этот памятник США получили в подарок от Франции в 1886 г. Франция преподнесла памятник Америке как символ дружбы. В правой руке у Свободы – факел свободы. В левой руке она держит табличку с надписью «4 июля 1776 года» - День независимости Америки.
Словарь
Jack staff – ванта, оттяжка
Royal Navy vessels – военно – морские силы Великобритании Patron Saints – святые покровители
To date from – датироваться To represent – представлять
Background – фон
Anthem – гимн Eagle – орел
Olive branch – оливковаяветочка
Torch – факел
Do the following exercises: Complete the sentences:
The United Kingdom consists of… It is situated on…
The main English-speaking countries are… London is the capital of not only England but… Sydney is called…
The largest cities of the UK are… Australia is famous for its…
The main symbols of a country are…
The Olympic games of 2000 were held in… The USA occupies…
New Zealand will surprise you with… The capital of Canada is… . It is…
Ask your friend:
- знает ли он названия всех англо-говорящих стран
143
-почему Великобританию часто называют Англией
-какие государства входят в состав Великобритании
-чем привлекает Австралия
-что является основными символами государства
-где находится Сидней и почему его называют одним из самых красивых городов на земле
-как называют американский флаг и почему
-какие страны входят в состав британского содружества
-каково официальное название Америки
IT’S INTERESTING TO KNOW
Read and translate the information given below. Maybe it will help you to enlarge your knowledge.
NATIONAL EMBLEMS England
The national emblem of England is the red rose.
It was the emblem of two most powerful feudal familiesthe House of Lancaster and the House of York. The Lancastrians had the emblem of the red rose, the Yorkiests’ emblem was the white rose. The struggle between the families for the English throne lasted for 30 years and was called the Wars of the Roses (14551485). The rivalry between the Roses ended by the marriage of Henry 7(the Lancastrian) with Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Edward 4 (the Yorkiest). The red rose has since become the national emblem of England.
Scotland
The thistle is the national emblem of Scotland. According to a legend the people of that country chose the plant because it saved their land from foreign invaders many years ago.In very ancient times the Northmen once landed somewhere on the east cost of Scotland to conquer the country. The invaders intended to attack the Scottish soldiers by surprise. So they took off their shoes so as to make the least noise possible. But one of the Northmen stepped on a thistle. The sudden and sharp pain he felt caused him to shout. The alarm was given in the Scottish camp. Thus the invaders’ plans were destroyed. That’s why the thistle was taken as the national emblem of Scotland.
Wales
Welshmen all over the world celebrate St David’s Day by wearing either leeks or daffodils. The link between the leek and St David is the belief that he is supposed to have lived for several years on bread and wild leek.The daffodil is also closely associated with St David’s Day, due to belief that it flowers on that day. It became an alternative to the leek as a Welsh emblem in the 20th century, because some thought the leek vulgar.
Ireland
The emblem of Ireland is the shamrock. The Irish wear the emblem on St Patrick’s Day, March 17, in memory of Ireland’s patron saint.A popular idea is that when St Patrick explained the doctrine of the Trinity to the pagan Irish, he used the
144
shamrock, a small white clover bearing three leaves on the stem, as an illustration of the mystery.
CITY AND TOWN
The English have always been very particular about the words «city» and «town».A city is a town which has a city charter (special right in selfgovernment) given to it by the King, or is the seat of a bishop and has a cathedral. Thus comparatively small places like Wells in Somerset and Chichester in Sussex are cities; and big industrial centres in Yorkshire and Wolverhampton in Staffordshire are towns.
In America all large towns are called cities.
THE SANDWICH
It’s amazing to think somebody actually invented the sandwich. It’s such a simple idea but somebody had to do it. It all happened 250 years ago when some English earls and lords were playing cards. There was John Montague, the 4th Earl of Sandwich, among them. The players were so engrossed in their game that they couldn’t leave the table and the game went on all day and all night. John Montague was so hungry that he instructed one of his servants to bring him some meat between two pieces of bread. Thus he had an opportunity to eat and play at the same time. All the other players liked his idea very much and since that time the snack became very popular under the name sandwich.
Work with the text
TEXT: «American placenames»
Read the text, translate it and be ready to discuss
European place-names appeared in America beginning with the sixteenth century, when Europeans came to inhabit the New World the names were brought by the new inhabitants, who moved from the east cost to the west, as more and more people arrived from Europe. Some of that names that appeared on the map at that time were those of English and French kings and queens. Many place-names were given to honor famous, living or dead. Some names are taken from history and literature. There are names taken from geology, others are connected with important events in the life of the people. Here and there, we find a name that was given simply as joke, but for some reason was never changed.
The first people to arrive in America from Holland built a town that they named New Amsterdam, in honour of the capital of their country in Europe. But forty years later, hen Holland was at war with England, the English fleet under the command of the Duke of York appeared before New Amsterdam. The town had no army; the English occupied the town and re-named it New-York. And this, as we know, is the name that has remained to this day.
The first people who came to America did not try to invent new names for the settlements and towns they built, but often gave the new place the same name as the place they had come from. Along the east coast of the United States, we find such English names as Plymouth, Cambridge, London, Boston. English names often appear with the word «new» as a prefix: New England, New York, New Britain. When the first English inhabitants or their children left their homes on the east coast
145
and moved to the tremendous forests and rich lands in the west, they continued the tradition of giving the new place the same names they had left behind. As a result, there are twentytwo towns in the United States that are called London or New London, eighteen towns named Bristol, many named Chester, Windsor or New Windsor.
It easy to imagine the difficult conditions this created for the postal service. There are cities named Philadelphia in four states, besides the Philadelphia that is the largest city in the state of Pennsylvania. This explains the American tradition of writing the name of the state when addressing letters. If the sender does not write the name of the state, he can never be sure that his letter will go to the right address.
Vocabulary notes place-name - географическоеназвание
appear - показываться; появляться
inhabit - жить, населять, обитать, проживать, существовать; inhabitant – житель, обитатель
honour – честь; in honour of – в честь кого-либо, чего-либо geology – геология
change – изменять changes – изменения
changeable – изменяемый, переменчивый build - сооружать, строить
building – строение, сооружение
invent - изобретать, создавать, придумывать invention – изобретение, созидание tremendous - жуткий, страшный, ужасный
create – порождать, производить, создавать, творить creation – творение, произведение
Postal Service - Почтовая служба
Address (n) – адрес, (v) – адресовать кому-либо, обращаться к кому-либо Addressing - адресация; способадресации
I. Answer the Questions:
1.How did American placenames appear?
2.Are there names taken from geology, history and literature?
3.Why did not the first inhabitants of America try to invent new names for the settlements and towns they built?
4.Because of what are there so many towns which have the same names in the United States?
5.What explains the American tradition of writing the name of the state when addressing letters?
II. Look through the text, find sentences which are given in the passive voice, write them out and translate;
146
Look through the text for the second time and write out sentences which may be transformed into passive
III. Make up the plan of the text and retell it according to it
IV. Translate the following sentences into English:
1.Поэтическое название «Туманный Альбион» было дано Англии из-за того, что, с одной стороны, в стране часты туманы, а с другой – из-за белых меловых скал в окрестностях Дувра.
2.Столицей Шотландии является Эдинбург, однако он уступает по величине Глазго, который в последние годы превратился в современный, удобный для проживания город.
3.Великобритания – остров достаточно большой. По крайней мере, нам потребовалось бы несколько недель, чтобы пересечь его пешком с севера на юг, тем более, что прямой дороги, которая бы шла строго вдоль меридиана, на острове нет.
4.Лондон, столица Великобритании, является одним из самых столичных городов мира и ежегодно привлекает миллионы туристов.
5.До 1707 года Шотландия была независимым королевством, однако, она до сих пор сохранила собственную государственную церковь и отличную от английской систему образования.
6.В мире много прекрасных городов, причем каждый из них красив по-своему. У каждого – своя история, свои достопримечательности.
7.Нью-Йорк – своего рода визитная карточка Америки. Небоскребы Манхэттена и установленная при входе в городскую гавань статуя Свободы стали общепризнанными символами США.
8.Крупнейшим городом мира является столица Мексики город Мехико. В городе живет около 13 миллионов человек, а вместе с жителями ближайших пригородов его население составляет почти 19 миллионов.
9.Наиболее быстро города растут в развивающихся странах, в то время как в Европе и Северной Америке население некоторых городов сокращается. Если к началу 90-х в Петербурге, который тогда назывался Ленинградом, было пять миллионов жителей, то лет через 10 население вполне может сократиться до 4,5 миллионов.
10.Токио, столица Японии, располагается на острове Хонсю, самом крупном из островов Японского архипелага. Город может похвастаться многовековой историей, однако выглядит очень молодо. Дело в том, что половина старого города погибла в 1923 году из-за землетрясения и последовавших за ним пожаров, а другие старинные здания были уничтожены или повреждены во время бомбардировок, которым Токио подвергался во время II мировой войны. 11.Метро – вид транспорта, характерный для больших городов. Далеко не все многомиллионные города могут похвастаться тем, что у них есть метро. Однако среди метрополитенов есть свои рекордсмены. Самым старым метро в мире является лондонская подземка (London Underground). Лондонское метро
147
лидирует и по протяженности линий: длина путей в нем составляет более 400 км.
12.Бостон – крупный центр американской музыкальной культуры. Здесь находится крупнейшая в США консерватория, а Бостонский симфонический оркестр считается одним из лучших в мире, и любой музыкант считает за честь быть приглашенным играть в оркестре и тем более выступать с ним в качестве солиста.
13.На земле 7 континентов, Австралия – один из самых необычных и интересных. Большинство людей в Австралии говорят на английском , т.к. 200 лет многие переехали из Англии. Австралия известна всему миру своими экзотическими животными. Кенгуру стали ее символом. У них очень сильные ноги, они очень быстро передвигаются и высоко прыгают. Кенгуру и коалы носят своих детенышей в специальных сумках.
V. Read and translate the following texts, using omitted words in the proper form.
The Commonwealth of Australia |
|
The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal |
|
country, ………. into six states: New South Wales, Victoria, |
_(to divide) __ |
Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and |
|
2 internal territories. It is situated in the southwestern part of the |
|
Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country …….. 7000000 |
__(to contain) _ |
Square kilometers. Australia is the smallest continent, it is often |
|
……… subcontinent. |
___(to call) __ |
The Dutch were the first Europeans to visit Australia. In |
|
1770, the English captain James Cook ……. the East |
_(to discover)__ |
Coast of Australia. |
|
Today about 20 million people live in Australia. The capital |
|
of the country is Canberra, this city became capital in 1927. |
|
Federal government works in Canberra. There are no ……… |
__(industry)__ |
plants in the city. The population of Canberra is about 300000 |
|
people. The we can ……… the buildings of Australian academy |
_(to find)____ |
of Science, the Australian National University and others. The |
|
biggest industrial cities of Australia are Sydney and Melbourne. |
|
Australian climate is dry and warm, even hot. Australia |
|
………. in the southern Hemisphere and that is why it has |
__(to be |
situated)_ |
|
summer when we have winter and vice versa. January is the hottest |
|
month in Australia. Australia is ……… from other countries. |
___(to separate) |
_ |
|
The animals in Australia have developed ……… They are called _(different)_____
marsupial. The are interesting. You can see the dingo, a wild dog which kills other animals at night, the kangaroo and many parrots there. There are many lakes in the country, although this country is
148
………. the country of deserts. There are many deserts in the central |
__(to |
|
call) ___ |
|
|
and western part of the continent. Australia is an industrial country. |
|
|
They extract there coal, nickel, zinc and gold. Australia is one of the |
|
|
most …….. producers of metals and minerals. It exports |
___(important) __ |
|
woolen goods, meat, fruit and sugar. Meolburne, Sydney and |
|
|
Brisbane are the ………. cities and ports of the country. |
|
__(large) __ |
The Commonwealth |
|
|
Commonwealth of Nations is a union of nations. It consists of |
|
|
The UK and all former members of the British Empire, except |
|
|
Mozambique. |
|
|
All of the members are ……… countries in every aspect |
|
|
__(independent) ___ |
|
|
of domestic and external affairs but who, for ……. reasons, accept |
_(history) |
|
___ |
|
|
the British monarch as the symbol of the free ……… of its |
|
_(associate) _ |
members and as such the head of the Commonwealth. |
|
|
The term British Commonwealth …….. to be used after |
|
__(to |
begin)___ |
|
|
World War I when the millitary help given by the dominions and |
|
|
colonies to Britain had enhanced their status. Their independence |
|
|
apart from the formal allegiance to the crown, ……… at the |
|
to assert____ |
Imperial Conference of 1926 and given legal authority by the Statue of |
||
Westminster in 1931. The power of independent ……….. by |
|
to decide____ |
Commonwealth countries was evident in 1939 when they decided whether or not they wished to support Britain in World War II. After World War II the concept became obsolete, as the British Commonwealth began to include countries that became republics and did not owe allegiance to the crown,
though …….. the monarch as symbolic head of the Commonwealth. |
(to accept) |
Hence its ……… had changed and the name of British |
(composition) |
Commonwealth was changed to Commonwealth of Nations. It was adopted in 1949.
Work on the dialogue
M – Hi, Ann, where are you going.
A – Hi, Mary, glad to meet you. I am going to the library, I am to finish my report about English – speaking countries.
M – Oh, I can help you I`ve already finished this theme I`ve read a lot of books on the theme, and most of all I like Australia.
A – I agree with you, a very interesting and beautiful country with its mountains, forests and unusual animals.
M – Oh, yes, it is often called a country of Blue Mountains and besides it has a lot of beautiful cities.
149
A – Right you are and I`ve read that the biggest of them are Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane and of course Canberra – the capital.
M – These cities are also big and most important ports of the country. Canberra became capital in 1927. Federal government of the country works here and like any other capital city it has no industrial plants. It`s population is about 300000 people. In Canberra one can find the building of academy of Science, Australian national University and many others. And biggest industrial cities of Australia are Sydney and Melbourne.
A – And besides that Sydney is often called one of the most beautiful cities on Earth.
M – You are quite right. Sydney is the oldest Australian city which was founded by the first Europeans who came to Australia more than 200 years ago and put there tents on the area of today`s Sydney. But despite the history Sydney today is the most modern place, the centre of cultural life and home for 3, 5 million people. And after the Olympic Games in 2000, the host of which Sydney was, the city took its place on the world stage.
A – Yes, the history of the city is really interesting. And as far as I know there is one wore city in Australia that became world – known thanks to sport. I mean Melbourne.
M – Oh, yes. Melbourne is the largest city of western Australia famous for horse race. The greatest horse in Australia, the prestigious Melbourne Cup, the centre of the city`s Spring Racing Carnival is held on the first Tuesday in November. The two
– mile (3.2 km) flat race attracts horses and owners from Europe and the Middle East. Many people say that to be in Melbourne in November and not to go to the Cup is like going to Paris and skipping the Louvre.
A – Thank you very much for your help. Now I have a lot of interesting information for my report . It’s a real pleasure to talk with you, but I must go, see you later! Ask and answer questions about the dialogue( work in pairs)
Study the dialogue at home and be ready to retell it in the form of monologue. Find additional information about cities and countries described in the dialogue.
4. Make up dialogues about big cities and capitals of all the English speaking countries.
150