4KTJ5[1]

Unit 14

Theme: Studying at the University.

Grammar: Complex Object. Gerund.

Text I

What is it like to be educated in England today? It depends – on where you live and what school you go to. It also depends on the social class of your family. Education is compulsory for everybody gets the same education.

The main division in schooling in England is between state and private education. The private sector includes the public schools and most of the progressive schools – where only the wealthy can afford to send their children. But as the large majority of English children are educated by the state, this article is about state schools.

At the moment, the school system is in a state of confusing change, especially the secondary school system. It used to be simple: from the age of five to 11, a child went to a primary school. Then he took an exam called the Eleven Plus (tests in Arithmetic and English and ‘intelligence tests’). If he passed the Eleven Plus, he went to a grammar school; if he passed but not quite so well, he might go to a technical school; if he failed, he went to a secondary modern. The results of the Eleven Plus were supposed to be based on the ability of the child; in practice, the exam favoured the middle-class child. The reason was obvious: middle-class parents valued the skills tested in the Eleven Plus and encouraged their children in their studies.

By the early 1950s, the percentage of pupils at grammar schools was as follows: 62% were from families where the father had a professional or managerial job, 12% were from families where the father was a semi-skilled manual worker, 7% were from families where the father was an unskilled worker. (The other 19% did not fit into any of these categories.)

The concept of a comprehensive school gained ground. Comprehensive are schools where pupils of all abilities are educated together. It seemed a good idea; certainly it had been proved that, under the old system, pupils at secondary moderns felt failures and of little value.

Vocabulary notes.

Professional or managerial job – профессиональнаяили директорскаяработа semi-ski - полуквалифицированный,

manual worker - работник физического труда unskilled - неквалифицированный

to fit - соответствовать, годиться concept - понятие, идея

comprehensive school -общеобразовательная школа to gain ground - продвигаться вперед, делать успехи to prove - доказывать, удостоверять

failure - неудача, провал

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Exercises

1.Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in bold. a) Nowadays it’s very important to get a good education. /educate

b) Our company helps _______ people to find new jobs. /employ c) Paul has good ideas, but writes very _______. /care

d) Helen has become a ________ businesswoman. / succeed e) I hope to leave school with some useful ______. /qualify

f) Mr.Dale was my ________ for ten years, and paid me well. /employ g) According to the ________, the French lesson starts at ten. / time h) Cathy has three jobs, so she has a high ________. / come

i) John’s ___________ of history is amazing for a boy of his age. /know j) All the __________ in this country are given free meals. /employ

2.Match each sentence (a-j) with a sentence (1-10) which has a similar meaning.

3. Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

The wrong age for school!

Are the years you (1) _D_ at school the best years of your life? Personally, I found most (2) _______ rather uninteresting. We had to sit at our (3) ______ in silence and

(4) ____ attention. The teachers used to (5) ______ on the blackboard and (6) _____

us difficult questions. We also had to (7) _____ lots of homework, and (8)_____ it in on time. We had to wear a school (9) _____ , and we had to obey lots of (10) _____. I (11) _____ school as soon as I could and started (12) ____. I read books at the public (13) _____, and later I decided to (14) _____ college. I really enjoyed studying because I was older and knew that I wanted some (15) _____. When I was at school, I was just the wrong age!

Read the text.

The Educational system in England.

The educational system in England is very complicated. It embraces two educational purposes: first it dives a general education to all children, and second, it selects the most able and gives them a more advanced education.

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In most schools boys and girls learn together. In the first stage, which is called primary education, all children are educated according to the same programme. As they grow older, differences in ability and attainment become very marked, so it is considered necessary to offer different programmes.

There are three stages of education: primary, or elementary education, secondary education and further (higher) education.

Primary education (from 5 years of age to 11 years of age). A primary school is subdivided into an infant school for children aged 5 to 7 and a junior school for children aged 7 to 11. In small country places both the infant department and the junior department may be combined under the roof of one school.

Secondary education (from 11 years of age to 16 years of age). Until recently, there were three main types of secondary schools: grammar schools, technical schools and modern schools. Children were sent to one of these three types of school according to their abilities. These three types of school still exist, but their number is decreasing. They are being replaced by the so-called comprehensive schools. The comprehensive schools are the most modern development in secondary schools. The main advantages of the comprehensive schools are that these schools are open to children of all types of ability from the age of 11: they are large schools which give a much wider range of subjects than smaller schools, so that teenagers can choose a course of studies according to their individual inclinations and abilities.

The comprehensive school gives the following range of subjects, from which children can choose: English, French, German, Latin, history, geography, art, music, woodwork, metalwork, needlework, commercial subjects, mathematics, general science, religious instruction, physical education.

1.Speak about the educational system in England close to the text, or learn the text by heart.

2.Practice reading the following words and word-combinations. Learn them by heart.

as they grow older - по мере того, как они становятся старше differences in ability and attainment - различия в способностях и успехах become very marked - становятся очень заметными

it is considered - считается необходимым to offer- предлагать

further education - дальнейшее образование higher education - высшее образование may be combined - можно совместить under the roof - под крышей

the most modern development in secondary schools - самое современное достижение в системе средних школ

inclination - склонность

comprehensive school - всесторонняяшкола

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3. Answer the following questions.

Is the educational system in England complicated?

What educational purposes does the educational system embrace? Is a general education given to all children?

What opportunities does the English educational system give to the most able children?

Who gets a more advanced education? Do boys and girls learn together English? What is the first stage of education called?

At what age do children get primary education?

Do grammar, technical and modern schools still exist? Are they popular? What are the main advantages of the comprehensive schools?

Additional reading.

Our University.

Those who call themselves students of the Aktobe University were applicants not very long ago. In July they passed entrance exams and were enrolled in the first year of the extra-mural and day-time departments. Students of extra-mural department acquire higher education without leaving their jobs. The day-time department includes eight faculties: language and literature faculty, physics and mathematics, pedagogical faculty, history and social right, nature science faculty, engineering faculty and economic faculty. There is also preparatory department in our University. Former workers, collective farmers, soldiers and young people from rural areas are admitted there to refresh their knowledge before entering the University.

There are about 40 chairs in our University. Today over than 3000 tutors, lectures, assistants, candidates of sciences and two professors deliver lectures, conduct seminars and classes, help the student to master their future profession. Our University trains more than 6000 students. A lot of students are members of the students scientific society, where they do scientific research necessary for their future specialty.

The usual course of training at the University lasts 4 years. The academic year has two forms, the first begins on the first of September and lasts till New Year, the second term begins in February and finishes in June. Twice a year in January and in June the students take oral test and examinations. According to the New University curriculum the students have an uninterrupted teaching practice.

The years of studies at the University are at the same time the years of great political, social and scientific activities for future teachers. Undergraduates of our University are prepared for the activities useful for the society the live in.

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1.Retell the text.

2.Learn the following proverbs and sayings.

Don’t teach a fish to swim. Не учи рыбу плавать.

Repetition is the mother of learning. Повторение - мать учение.

No pains – no gains. Нет боли - нет успеха (т.е. не потрудишься – ничего не добьешься).

Live and learn. Живи и учись.

It’s never too late to learn. учиться никогда не поздно. Knowledge is power. Знание – сила.

Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. Деньги, истраченные на мозг,

никогда не бывают истрачены понапрасну.

One goo head is better than a hundred strong hands. Одна хорошая голова лучше сотни сильных рук.

The pen is mightier than the sword. Перо могущественнее меча.

Too much knowledge makes the head bald. Слишком много знаний приводят к облысению.

The complex object.

Сложное дополнение отличается от простого тем, что состоит из двух элементов: объекта и действия, выполняемого этим объектом. Действие объекта выражается неличной формой глагола – либо инфинитивом, либо причастием. После глаголов физического восприятия to see, to hear, to watch, to notice второй элемент сложного дополнения может быть выражен инфинитивом без частицы to или причастием I.

She wanted them to change the subject. Она хотела, чтобы они сменили тему разговора.

We expect him to win the game. Мы ожидаем, что он выиграет партию.

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После глаголов to want, to expect, to wish в сложном дополнении второй элемент выражается инфинитивом с частицей to.

What made him give up his job? Что заставило его бросить работу?

После глаголов принуждения to make вторым элементом сложного дополнения является инфинитив без частицы to.

4.Make up sentences using the models.

a)I watched them make a bonfire.

Use the words: to unpack the sandwiches, to fish, to bathe, to play volley-ball, to play chess.

b) I saw him work.

Use the words: to wait for somebody, to walk in the park, to pack the things, to stop a taxi, to drive his car, to wash his car, to stand at the bus stop.

5. You are puzzled to hear:

1.of Henry’s having left for Boston.

2.of Frank’s having torn his photos.

3.of Cecily’s having bought two hedgehogs and a turtle.

4.of Jack’s having been away from the classes

5.of Ulaf’s having refused to go to the party.

6.of Dick’s having given up computer games.

Express your surprise in a written form.

Pattern: What made Henry leave for Boston, I wonder?

6. Translate into Russian/Kazakh paying attention to the Complex Object.

1. They heard their flight announced. 2. I had my luggage weighed. 3. He had his luggage registered half an hour ago. 3. I saw him wait for a taxi. 4. I saw her cross the street. 5. She wants her friends to see Khatyn, an unusual memorial to 136 villages which were burnt down together with their people by the fascists in Byelorussia during the Second World War. 6. I must have my hair cut.

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Complete each sentence with a gerund (-ing). Use the verb in brackets. Kate is good at (run)…running… .

(take) …………..a long walk is relaxing,

What do you think of (collect)……………stamps?

(eat)……………..too much isn’t healthy.

All my friends like (play)…………basketball.

(shout)………..at people is rude! Is Harry interested in (sail)……….?

(cross)…………..the road here’s is dangerous. Do you feel like (go)………….to the cinema? (jog) is good for you.

Mary can’t stand (drive)…………in cities. (play)………….in the street is dangerous.

Change each sentence so that it starts with a gerund (-ing). It’s tiring to study late at night.

…….Studying late at night is tiring………

It’s hard to get up early.

…………………………………………….

It takes time to learn a language.

…………………………………………….

You are forbidden to park here.

…………………………………………….

It’s interesting to visit other countries.

…………………………………………….

You are not allowed to talk.

…………………………………………….

It’s not necessary to book a table.

…………………………………………….

It’s wrong to copy other people.

…………………………………………….

It’s relaxing to listen to music.

……………………………………………..

You are not allowed to smoke.

……………………………………………..

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