4KTJ5[1]

Unit 10.

The theme: Holidays and traditions.

Grammar: Future Continuous and Future Perfect.

Text: New Year’s Eve. Holidays and Celebrations in the United Kingdom. Holidays and Celebrations in Kazakhstan.

Grammar Exercises.

Pick up of the text all the irregular verbs and supply the other two forms.

Pick out of the text all the sentences with the verb in Future Continuous and Future Perfect and explain the use of the tenses.

Turn the following statements into questions ( general and special): My cousin will be staying at my place for a few days.

I shall be approaching Moscow to-morrow morning. Our children will be sleeping when we return home.

The quests will have arrived by the time you return home. I shall have already dined by the time you call on me.

In an hour we shall be seeing the New Year in.

The children will be dancing around the New Year tree the whole evening. Many people will be celebrating the New Year in their country houses. By eleven o’clock we shall have already decorated the New Year tree.

By the time the quests come I shall have already laid the table.

Turn the following into politer questions about future intentions by using Future Continuous.

Pattern: When are you going to have your next lesson? When will you be having your next lesson?

Is he going to meet us at the station?

Will he be meeting us at the station?

1) Are you going to stay here long? 2) When are you coming again? 3) When are you going to post your letter? 4) When are you going back to the University? 5) Are you going to visit him tomorrow?

Re-state the following sentences using Future Continuous.

1) I am seeing him tomorrow. 2) He is leaving in a few days. 3) The leaves are going to fool soon. 4) She says she is going to do the washing tomorrow. 5) I shall write to you later. 6) He is coming home soon. 7) We are going to have fried fish for supper. 8) I am having coffee after dinner as usual. 9) He is lecturing on Byron tomorrow. 10) We are going to celebrate mother’s birthday tomorrow.

Complete the following sentences using Future Continuous or Future Perfect.

1) I shall still be studying at 8 o’clock and my friend…….2) Don’t come between six and eight, I …..3) At this time to-morrow my mother ……..

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By that time tomorrow we …….5) We …..for a few hours tomorrow. 6) While you are revising for your examination, I…….7) Before you ring me up I……..8) We will be living in the Crimea all next year while…….9) By this time next week I …….10) At this time the day after to-morrow we ……..

Use the verbs in brackets in Future Continuous or Future Perfect:

1)My friend’s brother is a graduate this year, he …his studies by spring (to finish).

2)Don’t you know what Peter……..at 7 o’clock (to do). 3) When the quests arrive, we ……the fir-tree ( to decorate). 4) When I call on her, Mary ………the table ( to lay). 5) When the hands of the clock are close to eleven, out train ……..Vladivostok ( to approach). 6) While you are writing this exercise we ….Home-Reading ( to prepare). 7) I think she …..dinner by the time Mother comes home ( to cook). 8) She …by the end of winter holidays ( to recover). 9) Everyone ……for the moment to bid the Old Year good-by ( to wait). 10) By the end of the week I …..to make my fancy ball dress ( to finish).

Supply the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Mrs. Y….her son John’s school to-morrow (to visit). When she ……there at 2 p.m., he …….a sport lesson, but this……..as she …….first……..to see the headmaster ( to get, to have, not to matter, to go). By the time they ….to talk, the lesson….and John …..a shower, so that he …..ready to go home with his mother ( to finish, to be over, to have, to be). In two hours John …….all his homework and …..quite free (to do, to be). When I …….at their house, John and his parents …….dinner ( to arrive, to have). After dinner we….to the new records (to listen). Mrs. Y……some coffee by the time we stop listening (to make). We ….in the dining-room and ……..hot coffee (to sit, to have). Then I….home ( to go).

My friend’s brother ……..his studies by spring and he to teaching ( to finish, to look forward). After he ……, he ……to a village to teach and think he …….a good teacher and children …..him ( to graduate, to go, to become, to like). Now he …..hard as he …..that time …..quickly and it may happen that he ……no time to revise everything thoroughly ( to work, to know, to fly, to have). Yesterday we …….together, I…….him with his degree paper ( to study, to help). To-morrow he …..all day long and in the evening we …..for a walk as I think he ….his work by that time ( to work, to go, to finish).

Ask questions about the following text and retell it.

A letter from England.

326 Park Road

Manchester

1-st, January, 1966

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Dear Ann,

I was most glad to receive your letter and postcard with the wishes of a Happy New Year and peace among the nations of the world. I wish you the same, a Happy New Year for you and your family.

We are on holiday until January 3-rd. I hope to have time to do some reading. Last week in school we have classParties and dances which were really quite

enjoyable. The boys and girls spent a lot of time practicing the dances, and on night of the Dance they put on a very good snow. They decorated the school with garlands.

And the whole town has a festive look on this New Year’s Eve with colored lights across the streets.

It was snowing all day long yesterday; the first “white” New Year we had in our town for twenty five years! In the evening I shall go to my eldest sister. She has invited us all to her home where we shall have supper together and exchange New Year presents.

Write to me and let me know how you celebrated the New Year.

Yours affectionately,

Insert articles:

1) It is sometimes very cold in Leningrad on ……New Year’s Eve. 2) I like to see ……New Year in somewhere out in ……open. 3) On ….New Year’s Eve I always write letters to my friends and wish them …..Happy New Year.

4) I …..whole world turned in to Moscow to hear …..news of Gagarin’s flight. 5) She brought from the woods ……..whole basket of mushrooms. 6) She wanted to know ……whole truth about the mother. 7) ……..whole country rose against the enemy. 8) My friend has bought …….whole bag of New Year presents for his children.

NEW YEAR’S EVE.

The Old Year is going out. These are its last few hours and very soon we shall be seeing it out.

The streets are full of people. The shops are attracting them like magnets. Grandfather Frost, or Santa Claus, as he is called in English, is there in the shape of busy people stuffing their bags and briefcases with New Year presents.

Looking at the lighted windows, we can see brilliantly decorated fir-trees, without which you can’t imagine the New Year celebration.

Many young people are against celebrating the New Year indoors. They like to see the New Year in somewhere out in the open and if by chance you happen to be at the rail-way station at this time you will see a forest of skis and crowds of merry, laughing people.

There are plenty of fir-trees in the woods just like the ones indoors, but with the moon behind them and stars in place of candles.

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But many families prefer to see the New Year in at home with their friends and relatives.

The clock hands are creeping nearer and nearer towards midnight. Soon crowded buses and taxis will be rushing from one end of the city to the other carrying people visiting one another.

By this time the men and children in the family will have decorated fir-trees and the women will have laid the festive table.

Soon the best part of the waiting will begin. Radios will be switched on in all the houses to tune in to the Kremlin chimes. The whole city will be standing round the tables, holding up glasses of champagne. Everyone will be waiting for the moment when the Kremlin chimes will bid the Old Year good-by.

A happy New Year to one and all!

Vocabulary.

a fir-tree – елка a candle – свеча

Festive – праздничный.

Dialogue.

- Look! Interesting article in to-day’s paper!

It is about New Year celebrations in different countries.

-Yes, I have read it too. It was interesting to see how different people see the New Year in. I remember, In Cuba they store water before and pour it into the street at midnight on New Year’s Eve. This symbolizes their wish for the New Year to be as clear, fresh and sparkling as the water they pour.

And in Burma and India they put on their national costumes and go into the streets carrying flowers, toys and jars full of water – they pour water over each other. On a very hot night it can even be a pleasure to walk about in soaking clothes. And in India they traditionally fly bright kites on New Year Eve.

So do the Japanese. Young and old enjoy it alike. In Japan 108 strokes of the bell announce the beginning of the New Year over the radio. Then everyone goes to bed to get up again at down so as not to miss the sunrise. They believe that if you miss the sunrise you will have bad luck in the New Year.

There is something interesting about Panama, too. There at midnight they make as much as they can with bells, car horns, factory hooters and sirens. In this way they “please” the New Year.

And in Italy they follow a very old tradition – in the last minutes of the old year they throw all the old things they don’t need – old furniture, pots and pans, old shoes, etc.- out of the windows.

And look, in Scotland Hogmanay (as they call New Year’s Eve there) is a very marry holiday. If they see the New Year in at home they make a bright fire - for the brighter the fire, the better as luck. And at midnight the head of the house usually throws the front door wide open to let the Old Year out and the New Year in. And in

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the early hours of New Year’s morning the first visitors “first footers’ – appear. Tradition says the first footer must be a dark-haired man - he will bring good luck to you.

But do they ever celebrate it out-of –doors?

Yes. Then they gather in some central square and wait for the clock to strike 12. Then, crossing arms, everyone links hands for the traditional song, “Auld Lang Syne”.

Oh, we forgot about England! I know that in England many people ignore the New Year and go to bed at their usual hour. Young people may go to a New Year party or dance. Young Londoners usually gather in Trafalgar Square or Piccadilly Circus to sing and dance and cheer the New Year in. The Englishmen celebrate Christmas instead.

What a lot interesting facts we’ve found out! Really, every country has its custom.

Vocabulary Notes of the text.

to see the Old Year out – провожать старый год Op. – to see the New Year in – встречать Новый год indoors – в помещении

Opp. Out-of-doors, in the open –под открытым небом If by chance you happen to be at the rail-way station….

если вы случайно окажитесь на вокзале…… in place of – вместо

Syn. Instead of

Soon crowded buses and taxis will be rushing from one end of the city to the other.

Вданном примере перед словом other стоит определенный артикль, так как речь идет об одном из двух противоположных концов города. При сопоставлении двух предметов или лиц местоимение other всегда употребляется с определенным артиклем.

I have two brothers. One is an engineer, the other is a doctor.

Когда речь идет об одном из трех или более предметов или лиц, то употребляется местоимение another.

I don't like this book. Give me another one.

Местоимение “other” (“другой “) может употребляться в качестве определения перед существительным в единственном или множественном числе, another - только перед существительными в единственном числе:

Give me some other book, please. Other boys know him.

Please give me another magazine.

Взначении “другие “ (“ другие люди “) местоимение other может употребляться в форме множественного числа others и может иметь определенный артикль, если этого требует контекст.

Some of the students will go to the state farms, others will work at pioneer camps. I know about it. Please, tell the others.

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Местоимение other, another также входят в состав местоимений each other and one another, которые переводятся “ друг друга“.

В современном английском языке оба составных местоимения употребляются как синонимы, независимо от того, сколько лиц имеется в виду:

My friend and I often visit each other ( one another).

Radios will be switched on in all the houses to tune in to the Kremlin chimes. – Во всех домах будут включены радиоприемники, чтобы был слышен бой Кремлевских курантов.

to storeзапасаться

Vocabulary Notes of the Dialogue.

to pour water over each other – поливать друг друга водой.

The brighter the fire, the better the luck – чем ярче очаг, тем удачливее год.

Auld Lang Syne – традиционная шотландская песня.

Every country has its custom (proverb) – У каждой страны свои обычаи. (

Сколько стран, столько и обычаев).

Vocabulary and Speech Exercises.

Read and translate the text and the dialogue.

Ask questions about the text and dialogue and let your fellow-students answer them. Ask one of the students:

If she ( he) likes to see the New Year in at home?

If they always have a fir-tree at home on New Year’s Eve? Who usually decorates the fir-tree in her (his) family? Who does the shopping and the cooking for the party?

Who usually comes to her (his) home to see the New Year in?

If children really believe that it is Santa Claus who brings them present? If she ( he) also believed in Grandfather Frost when she ( he) was a child? If she ( he) knows and New Year greetings in English?

If it is a custom in our country to give presents to one another on New Year’s Day? What presents she ( he) is going to give her ( his) relatives and friends?

If she ( he) has ever attended a New Year ball or a fancy-ball and how she( he) liked it?

If all people of the world celebrate the new Year alike?

4. Insert prepositions or post-verbal adverbs:

Are you planning to see the New year …..at home or somewhere …. … the open? 2) This town is so small that it won’t take you more than an hour to walk … on end of the town….the other. 3) Everybody will have gone….bed…the time you return. 4) It is only 8 o’clock. It is rather early to see the Old Year …..There is still plenty …time…midnight. 5) Don’t stuff your bag….so many books. You won’t need them.

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6) We arrived ….the station too late: the train had already left. 7) We started walking ….the cottage which stood deep ….the woods. 8) Best wishes ….a Happy New Year. –Thank you, the same…..you. 9) I met Nick quite ….chance ….a New Year fancy-ball, I didn’t recognize him at first. 10) We all have our hands full ….New Year’s Eve. And ….the last minutes of the Old Year we remember we’ve forgotten to do something, for instance, to make our New Year resolutions.

Read and translate the following sentences; use them in a natural context ( a situation or in a short dialogue).

I happened to be out when he called.

I happened to have some money on me. We happened to be there.

Do you happen to know his address? Do you happen to know his wife?

Did you happen to be there when the question was discussed? If you happen to see this book in a shop, buy it for me, please.

If you happen to meet him tell him we’ve got tickets for the New Year ball. If he happens to come here, ask him to wait for me.

The faster you walk, the sooner you get tired. The more you read, the more you know. The larger the windows, the lighter the room. The sooner, the better.

Translate into English.

1) Накануне Нового года в каждом освещенном окне можно видеть украшенную ёлку. 2) Невозможно представить себе новогодний праздник без Деда – мороза и ёлки. 3) Я ещё не знаю точно, где буду встречать Новый год. 4) Вы уже купили свечи для ёлки? – Мы никогда их не покупаем. У нас лампочки вместо свечей. 5). Помоги детям, иначе они будут украшать ёлку до полуночи. 6) Я буду покупать подарки в субботу, а вы? – О нет, к субботе я уже всё куплю. 7) Накануне праздников яркие витрины магазинов (shop windows) привлекают сотни детей. 8) В день футбольного матча переполненные автобусы, трамваи и такси спешат к стадиону (stadium). 9) Кого ты ждёшь? – Я жду Нину и Петю. Мы решили поехать за город и провести день в лесу. – Да, чудесно провести такой день на воздухе. 10) Вы случайно не знаете, где Катя собирается встречать Новый год? 11) Я предпочитаю встречать Новый год дома, а вы? 12) Поздравляем вас с Новым годом! – Спасибо, и вас тоже.

Topics for oral discussion and dialogue.

1) How do you prepare for New Year celebrations? 2) Where do you like to see the New Year in? 3) Which New Year ball or fancy – ball do you remember? Why? 4). Which is your favorite holiday? Why? 5) Speak about New Year celebrations in different countries.

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Translate the text into Russian.

As New Year approaches, excitement mounts to be a pitch. There are presents to be bought, cars to be sent, rooms to be decorated. Presents are faced with the difficult task of canceling presents from inquisitive young children. If the gifts are large, this is sometimes a real problem. On New Year’s Eve, young children find the excitement almost unbearable. They are torn between the desire to go to bed earlier so that Father Frost will bring their presents quickly, and the desire to stay up late in case they miss any of the fun. The desire for presents usually proves stronger. But though children go to bed earlier, they often lie awake for a long time, hoping to catch a glimpse of Father Frost.

Answer the questions.

At what age did you stop believing in Farther Frost? 2) Did you go to bed early on New Year’s Eve in your childhood. If not, then why? 3) Describe New Year preparations in your family. 4) Do you generally see the New Year in at home? Why? / Why not? 5) Who do we give presents to on that day? 6) What kind of presents do you usually give your friend and relatives. 7) Do you make any New Year’s resolutions?

Make up short dialogues on the following situations:

Image you have just been introduced to a stranger at a New Year Party. What questions would you ask him? What questions would he ask you?

Imagine you are the host at a New Year Party. Make up a conversation between yourself and some of the quests.

Read the text “Holidays in Great Britain”.

Holidays in Great Britain

There are eight public holidays, or bank holidays a year in Great Britain. This is a day on which people need not go to work, as it is a day when all banks, post offices, factories, offices and shops are closed. These bank holidays are: Christmas Day, Baking Day, New Years Day, Good Friday.

Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday and Late Summer Bank Holiday. Why are these called bank holidays? This is a historic terms and dates back to the

19-th century when in 1871 and 1875 most of these days were named bank holidays, that is days on which banks were to be closed. Now these days spread not only on the banks, but also on other offices and organizations.

Christmas Day is the most popular holiday. It is celebrated on December 25-th. For most British families it is the most important day of the year, as it is the celebration of the birth of Christ. People like to decorate their houses with birthdaycolored paper or holly. On Christmas Eve children hang their stockings at the end of their beds or over the fire-place. They are told that Santa Claus arrives at night from the North Pole and fills each stockings with presents. This holiday is a traditional

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family reunion day. All members of family give each other Christmas presents, they have a Christmas dinner with roast turkey and Christmas pudding.

New Year day is on January, 1-st. It is not so popular as Christmas day and it is not marked with any custom. Traditional New Year parties and dances are held on New year’s Eve. People see the old year out and the New Year in.

Most of the British holidays are of the religious origin and many of them, except Christmas Day and Banking Day which are celebrated on the 25-th, and 26-th, of December, do not fall on the same date each year.

Good Friday and Easter Monday depend on Easter Sunday.

On Good Friday people eat hot-cross buns – buns with a cross on its top. Easter Monday is the day after Easter day. It is a traditional day for the start of the summer tourist season.

Spring bank holiday falls on the last Monday in May, while Late Summer Bank holiday is held on the last Monday in August.

May Day is celebrated on the first May. It is celebration of the coming of spring. On May day different outdoor events are held. Usually May Queen, the most beautiful girl of the celebration is selected.

Besides public holidays, there are other festivals, anniversaries and simple days, on which certain traditions are observed.

The most popular holiday among young people is St. Valentine Day. It is a day of lovers, and on 14-th, February young men and women declare their feelings for each other. Valentine’s Day cards and romantic flowers such as red roses are sent. These messages are always left unsigned. The cards may be happy or sad, romantic or humorous, serious or ridiculous and may be sent to all people you know.

Vocabulary.

public holidays – официальные праздники bank holidays –официальные праздники historic terms – исторический термин date back to – восходить к..

spread – распространяться

the birth of Christ – рождение Христа holly – остролист.

Answer the questions to the text.

How many public holidays are there in Great Britain, name them. What are these holidays called bank holidays?

What holiday is the most popular in Great Britain? What religious holidays do you know?

What do you know about the most popular holiday among young people? What is “ first footing”? Where and when is this custom observed?

Read the text “ Celebrations in the United Kingdom” and give its summary.

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Holidays and Celebrations in the United Kingdom.

Besides public holidays, there are other festivals, anniversaries and simply days, on which certain traditions are observed, but unless fall on a Sunday, there are originally working days. Here are some examples.

February 14 is St.Valentine ’s Day; it is a day for choosing sweetheart’s and exchanging love-tokens. Generations of young people have considered St. Valentine to be the friend and patron of lovers and have sent gifts and hand-made valentines to their sweethearts. Valentine was a colorful card with a short love verse composed by the sender. Now thousands of ready –made valentines are sent through the post every year. They are completed with ready –made sentiments and decorations, brightly colored and gilded, and sometimes perfumed and packed into a neat box.

Pancake day is a popular name for Shrove Tuesday – the last day of enjoinment before the fasting of Lent. On Shrove Tuesday Christians confessed their sins to a priest. Many people still traditionally eat pancakes on that day. One of the main events of Shrove Tuesday is the pancake race at Olney in Buckinghamshire. The competitors in the race are housewives from Olney; they have to make their pancakes and run from the village square to the church.

The fourth Sunday in Lent is Mothering Sunday – a day of small family reunions. On this day absent sons and daughters return to their homes and gifts are made to mothers by their children of all ages.

April, 1 is known in Britain as April Fool’s Day - the day when practical jokes are played. Any persons, young or old, important or not, may be made an April Fool between the hours of midnight and noon. Children are, of course, very keen supporters of the traditions. Most of their tricks have now become traditional. On the first of April you can step in the basin of water, or receive a letter with a deceiving message or invitation. You can have your sleeve or trousers-leg sewn. If you are young and innocent, you can be sent to fetch some non-existing thing like pigeon’s milk.

Another popular British tradition is Halloween’s, celebrated on October 31, the eve of All Saint’s Day. Hallowee’n customs date back to a time when people believed in devils, witches and ghosts. They thought that they could do all kinds of damages to property. Some people tried to ward off witches by painting magic sings or nailing a horseshoe. Now most people do not believe in evil spirits. Today the day is usually marked by costume balls or fancy-dress parties and is a popular tradition with young people and children.

On the night of Hallowee’n children or grown-ups visit houses and ask the residents if they want “trick” or ”treat”. If the people in the house give the children a “ treat” ( usually money or sweets), then the children will not play a trick on them. Another Hallowee’n ciustom is to scrape out a pumpkin, cutting eyes, nose and mouth in its side and lighting a candle inside, this is made to scare their friends.

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