4KTJ5[1]

Topical Vocabulary:

a festival –фестиваль

an anniversary – годовщина

to observe a tradition – соблюдать традицию

to fall on – падать ( приходиться на какой-либо день)

to choose a sweetheart – выбрать возлюбленного ( возлюбленную) to exchange love-tokens – обменяться символами любви

the friend and patron of lovers – друг и покровитель влюбленных to send a gift – послать подарок

a hand made valentine –самодельная «валентинка»

a love verse composed by the sender – стишок любовного содержания,

сочиненный автором «валентинки»

a ready made valentine – готовая «валентинка» complete –готовый, полный

ready made sentiments and decorations – готовые пожелания и украшения perfumed – надушенный, ароматизированный.

Discuss the following.

Every nation has its own customs and long-lived traditions. How can you explain why people keep up their traditions and practice them for centuries?

How do you think events of national importance unite people? We must have respect for traditions. Do you agree?

There is a number of exciting events which are held in every country throughout the year. Speak about them.

What are the major events of national and social importance which are traditionally celebrated in Britain?

Read the text.

Holidays and traditions in Kazakhstan.

Every nation and every country has its own holidays, customs and traditions. In Kazakhstan there are many holidays and traditions that play an important role in life of people. Some holidays are rather formal, such as the Independence Day which is celebrated on the 16-th, of December, the Constitution Day that is celebrated on the 25-th of October. There are so many professional holidays that are celebrated by people of different professions. As a rule these holidays are on the week-end. Holidays are especially rich in old traditions and peculiarities. The New Year is the most popular and the most favorite holiday. It is celebrated on the night from the 31-st of December till 31-st of January. Most families decorate their flats with brightly-colored paper garlands or pictures. They usually put a New Year tree in the corner of the room. On New Year Eve children put their shoes under the New Year tree. They are sure that Farther Frost will arrive and bring them presents. New Year is usually celebrated in a big company of friends, relatives. Children always

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have 2 week rest. Kazakhstan is a multinational country. Each ethnic group has its own national traditions and holidays. Christians observe Christmas and Easter. Christmas falls on the 7-th of January when people celebrate the Christ’s birth. Easter is celebrated in April, when nature awakens from its long winter sleep. Easter eggs and special pies are the symbols of life and love. At night before Easter there are special ceremonies at the churches. Kazakh national holidays and traditions are widely celebrated now: Kazakh folk customs are observed when a child is born, it is called “Sheldehana”, “betashar” – the tradition of opening the bride’s face at the wedding party, “ Shashu” – throwing around some sweets and money Kazakh people celebrate a religious holiday “ Ait”, it begins after 30 days of fasting. During the month “Ramadan” people go to mosques, fast and try to be moderate and help the needy people.

“Naurys” – is the most important holiday in our country. It is celebrated on March 22-nd. It is the beginning of the New Year, a spring holiday. People lay the festive tables, exchange presents and wish prosperity to each other.

The main ritual dish is Naurys Kozher, which consists of 7 compulsory ingredients. People visit their friends, relatives. Naurys is celebrated in the streets and squares.

People watch concerts; listen to competitions of folk singers. Every year people of different nationalities celebrate the Day of National Consent. All cultural national centers take part in different holiday events on this Day. One of the most important holidays in our country is May the 9-th, the Victory Day.

On this day we hold the memory of the country’s heroes. Memorable words of this day are: nobody is forgotten, nothing is forgotten.

Vocabulary.

to hold the memory of heroes –чтить память героев memorable – памятный

peculiarities – особенность garlands – гирлянды

to fast – соблюдать пост prosperity – процветание ritual – ритуал

Day of National Consent – День национального согласия.

Questions to the text.

What are holidays and traditions for people of Kazakhstan?

What does “professional holiday” mean? Name some of them.

What is the most popular holiday in our country?

Why is Victory Day very important for us?

What is your favorite holiday and why?

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17. Translate into English.

Традиционными рождественскими блюдами в Англии считаются жареная индейка, пудинг и булочки с изюмом.

Большинство людей в Великобритании с нетерпением ждут Рождества. Это настоящий семейный праздник.

ВЛондоне в новогоднюю ночь центральные улицы весьма оживлены. Особенно много людей собираются на Пикадилли.

Под Новый год принято обмениваться подарками. Новогодние подарки могут быть разнообразными: от дорогих ювелирных украшений до игрушек и сладостей.

ВСеверной Шотландии считается, что девушка, которая первой в Новый год возьмет воду из речки или пруда, в наступающем году удачно выйдет замуж. Обычай украшать елку на Рождество появился в Великобритании в XIX веке. Все казахстанцы слушают новогоднее обращение президента к жителям страны вечером 31 декабря.

Вдень Святого Валентина молодые люди посылают друг другу открытки и цветы. Эти открытки всегда подписаны.

День Мам отмечается в Англии за 3 недели до пасхи. В этот день мамы получают открытки, небольшие подарки и традиционный завтрак в постели. На Пасху детям дарят пасхальное яйцо, сделанное из шоколада и часто заполненное конфетами или маленькими подарками. Говорят, что его приносит Баннипасхальный кролик. Дети играют в игру и находят яйца, спрятанные в доме или в саду.

Наурыз – день, когда природа оживает, день и ночь равны.

Кыз-Куу – скачки на лошадях, когда молодой джигит пытается поймать девушку и получает её поцелуй в качестве приза.

11 ноября в Англии отмечается День Памяти. Люди посещают церкви и возлагают венки к монументам героев войны (to lay the wreaths). В этот день вы можете купить искусственные маки на улицах и площадях Великобритании. Люди носят их в память о тех, кто погиб в войнах.

ВСтрастную пятницу в Англии проводятся необычные соревнования: “ блинные забеги“.

Англичане – нация любителей животных. Каждый год в Лондоне проводятся собачьи шоу, в которых принимают участие самые умные, смелые и талантливые собаки со всего мира.

Insert prepositions.

1) Christmas is celebrated …….December, 25. 2) Before the New Year people decorate their houses …….colored lamps and holly. 3) Most of the British holidays are …..religious origin .4) Good Friday is a traditional day …the start…..the summer tourist season. 5) On St. Valentine Day young men and women declare their feelings …. Each other. 6) Holidays are rich ……old traditions and peculiarities. 7) At night before Easter there are special ceremony…….the churches. 8) On May ,9 we hold the memory ……the country’s heroes. 9) On March 22, day and night

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become equal ………duration. 10) Everybody is happy ……the wonderful spring holiday Nauryz.

Illustrate the following proverbs:

Every country has its customs .

East or West – home is best.

Write a composition ( 120-180 words) on the following situation:

A travel magazine is running a competion for the description of a festival in your country. Write a discription for the competition.

Make up dialogues on the following situations:

You are having a birthday party. A lot of guests are invited, among them there are some foreigners. They want to know more about customes and traditions in your country. What would you tell them?

A child was born in your friend's family in England. You are interested in the way of celebration of this event. You tell about the similar event celebration in your country.

You have invited guests from abroad to take part in Naurys celebrations. The guests are eager to get acguainted with customs and traditions of this holiday celebration. You are invited to take part in one of the national holidays in Great Britain. You celebrate it with an English family. After the holiday you tell them about Kazakh national holidays and traditions.

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Unit 11

Theme: Reading in our life.

Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech.

Reading and speaking: 1. Books as a source of information.

2.The world of books.

3.My favourite author.

4.My favourite book.

Grammar exercises.

1. Make these questions indirect.

“Do you have any complaints to make?” the manager asked the costumer. “Are we going to have a written test?” we asked our teacher.

“Are sure your son will make a good engineer?” I asked the lady. “Have I passed my exam?” I asked the examiner.

“Are you interested in photography?” Alice asked Ann. “Has the letter been typed?” the manager asked the secretary.

“Would you mind moving over?” I asked the boy in the next seat. “Would you like some cookies?” Alice asked her guests. “Should I take the medicine twice a day?” Nelly asked the doctor.

“Can we make up a team to play volley-ball?” the boys asked the instructor. “Have your poems been published?” I asked Mila.

“Do you know how to handle this new tape recorder?” asked the lab assistant. “Can I make a recording, please?” I asked the lab assistant.

“Has your brother graduated from the institute?” Nick asked Oleg. “Are we going to have a meeting today?” we asked our teacher. “Did you take part in the seminar?” I asked Helen.

“Would you go to Alla`s birthday party if you were invited?” Brian asked Michael. “Would you go to traveling if you had a lot of money?” Boris asked Nick. “Would you like another cup of tea?” the hostess asked me.

“Would you go to work to the North if you were asked to?” Larry asked his friend. “Would you have reached the peak if you had continue climbing?” the correspondent asked the alpinists.

2. Change from Direct into Indirect Speech.

“How many letters have you typed since you came to the office?” the manager asked his secretary.

“Had you left home before the telegram arrived?” she asked me.

“How many English books had you read before the term ended?” the teacher asked. “Had you finished writing your composition before the bell rang” Cyril asked Alice. “Had you worked at a factory before you entered the institute?” the professor asked. “How long had you studied before you became a teacher?” the English tourists asked our teacher.

“How many peoples have you taught since you started working at this school?” the Principal asked the teacher of mathematics.

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“Had he been an engineer before he became an artist?” the visitors asked the guide of the art exhibition.

“Had this girl been a ballerina before she became a film-star?” we asked our guide. “How old was this girl when she began to learn figure-skating?” we asked he instructor.

“Had you published any novels before you began writing poems” we asked the author.

“Had he been a novelist before he became a poet?” we asked the lecturer.

“How long had you worked before you decided to continue your education?” they asked me in the Institute.

14. “How many chapters have you revised since I left?” Mother asked me on the phone.

Text I. Books as a source of information.

A library is a good place to gather information and to find interesting books and magazines to read. Sometimes, we want to take information on a certain topic to write a report. The books and magazines we might use are called reference works. They collectively give us a comprehensive review of a subject from many different points of view, and often will refer us to additional sources of information as well.

An encyclopaedia is one of the most useful reference works to use when gathering facts for a report. An encyclopedia is a book or set of books that gives basic information about many different subjects such as countries, famous people, and scientific discoveries. In an encyclopedia you could find an article about the history of China or the invention of the bicycle. All the topics in an encyclopaedia are arranged in the alphabetic order.

Another good reference work is an almanac. An almanac is a single book that gives you the latest facts and figures about many subjects. Most almanacs are printed every year. They give you lists of facts about important records, events, and people.

An atlas is a book of maps. It has a table of contents and an index to help you find the map you need. The most complete kind of atlas is a world atlas that contains maps of separate countries and the world.

There are also other kinds of maps. A road map can help you plan an automobile trip. A relief map shows you what the land in an area looks like with mountains, valleys, and bodies of water.

Periodicals are magazines or newspapers that are published at regular time intervals, such as weekly, monthly, bi-monthly, and even quarterly. Most magazines are printed either weekly or monthly. You can find magazines about hobbies, news, and many other subjects.

Books are classified or separated into two major categories: fiction and nonfiction. Books of fiction contain stories that are imaginary. The writer makes up the characters and events. Sometimes a writer bases a fictional story on real events. Adventure stories that take place in ancient times may be based on real events or

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people. Some of the different kinds of fiction you can read are tales, myths, legends, science fiction, poetry, plays, and long stories called novels.

Non – fiction books are about real events, people, or nature. They give factual material about an endless variety of subjects, including such things as history, science, or mathematics.

A story written about someone’s life is called a biography. An autobiography is a story written by someone about his or her own life. Both types of books are classified as non-fiction because they deal with real facts.

Vocabulary

refer (v) refer smb to smth – наводить справку, ссылаться, отсылать за информацией

reference (n) справка, reference works – справочная литература record (v) record smth

records (n) свидетельства, зарегистрированные факты to be on record (when smth you have said is written down) to place / put smth on record (include in the official paper)

contents (n) = all things that are included in smth содержание contain (v) содержать, вмещать в себе

container (n) вместилище, сосуд, ящик, коробка.

arrange (v) приводить в порядок, get smth arranged – приготовить, устроить arrangement – приготовления, соглашение.

publish (v) публиковать publisher (n) издатель base (v)

deal (v) иметь дело (с кем - либо), раздавать deal (n) количество

dealer – торговец, дилер sepa’rate (v) отделять ‘separate (adj) отдельный separately (adv) отдельно

separ’ation (n) отделение, разделение comprehend (v) понимать, постигать, охватывать comprehensive -обширный, исчерпывающий comprehension понимание, охват

Topical Vocabulary

Atlas, autobiography, bestseller, cookery book, directory, encyclopaedia, fiction, non-fiction, guidebook, manual, poetry book, science fiction, text-book, thriller, novel, tale, adventure story, fantasy, lyric, short story, detective story, history novel = historical novel, nursery rhymes, books in translation, books in the original, selected works, bestseller.

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Exercises

I. Learn the vocabulary.

Translate and transcribe the words from the topical vocabulary. II. Match the words and the definitions.

1) atlas a) A book or set of books in which facts are arranged for reference, usually in the alphabetical order.

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Insert prepositions where necessary.

Students often refer … additional sources of information when they write their course papers.

All the points gained … our students are put … record. Keep a record … everything you spend.

Look through the contents … the text-book and find the information you need your report.

The University library contains … a lot of text-books, reference-books, dictionaries and encyclopaedias.

Adventure stories that take place … ancient times may be based … real events. Books are separated … two major categories: fiction and non-fiction. Non-fiction books usually deal … real facts.

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We use reference works when we want to take information … a certain topic. Reference books give us a comprehensive review … a subject … many different points of view.

Answer the following questions:

What libraries are you member of? How often do you go to the library?

Have you got a home library? Is it large? What books does it contain?

Have you ever used any reference works to prepare a report? What were they? What dictionaries do you use in your studies?

What is an encyclopaedia? What is an almanac?

What maps do you know? What are they used for?

What are periodicals? What periodicals do you prefer to read? What are two major categories into which books are separated? What books can be called fiction?

Which of them do you like to read?

Translate into English.

Если у меня есть интересная книга, то мне не бывает скучно.

Из книг можно узнать многое об истории, какой либо страны или какомнибудь открытии.

Существует много справочной литературы, с помощью которой можно ответить на любые вопросы.

В прошлом году, когда мы решили поехать к морю на машине, мы тщательно изучили карту автомобильных дорог.

Мы просмотрели также карты некоторых городов России, где мы планировали останавливаться и осматривать достопримечательности.

Я не очень-то интересуюсь поэзией. Мне кажется, что интересней всего читать научную фантастику.

А я предпочитаю научно-популярные книги, основанные на фактическом материале, и мемуары известных людей. Они помогают мне лучше понять мир и людей, живущих в нем.

Нет ничего лучше приключенческой литературы, основанной на реальных исторических событиях.

Speak about books as a source of information. Text II

What do you read for? (The world of books)

“Except a living man there is nothing more wonderful than a book”, said one clever man. Books teach us what is right and what is wrong, to understand the world, and people in it, they mould our character and to the same time tell us exciting stories. So the time spent on a good book is never wasted. Reading is a rewarding pastime.

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