Unit 5 Text c Laptops Power Supply

Power Supply like desktops, Laptops can be plugged into the wall to receive AC power from the electric power grid through an AC adapter. But what makes the laptop unique is that it is portable; so, laptops are also powered by batteries. All laptops use some type of rechargeable battery (lithium, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride).

The battery life varies depending on the type of rechargeable battery (lithium batteries tend to hold their charge longer) and how you use your computer (frequent use of disk drives consumes a lot of battery power). In addition to the main battery, laptops have other batteries to run clocks and backup CMOS RAM.

Unit 6 Text c Laptops Power Supply

Power Supply like desktops, Laptops can be plugged into the wall to receive AC power from the electric power grid through an AC adapter. But what makes the laptop unique is that it is portable; so, laptops are also powered by batteries. All laptops use some type of rechargeable battery (lithium, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride).

The battery life varies depending on the type of rechargeable battery (lithium batteries tend to hold their charge longer) and how you use your computer (frequent use of disk drives consumes a lot of battery power). In addition to the main battery, laptops have other batteries to run clocks and backup CMOS RAM.

Unit 7 Text c Apparel Industry and computers

Digitising Systems. Digitisers put original patterns into the computer for use and storage.

These basic patterns can be manipulated with the help of a computer, for example in case of trousers, darts can be moved, pleats can be created or flair can be introduced. This way new designs can be created on screen from pre-existing patterns. Today large scanners are also used to input pattern shapes instead of tracing patterns on a digitiser.

Grading Systems. After a sample size pattern has been put, it has to be graded up and down in size.

The system will then automatically produce the pattern shapes in all the pre-specified size.

Marker Making Systems. Computerised marker making systems help in laying the pattern part together more economically than an operator could do with hands. This ensures minimal wastage of fabric.

Cutting Operations. Pattern generated by marker making systems can be directed to automated cutting machines which are operated without the help of human hands.

Unit 8 Text c Robots in Manufacturing

Today most robots are used in manufacturing operations. The applications of robots can be divided into three categories:

1. material handling

2. processing operations

3. assembly and inspection.

Material-handling is the transfer of material and loading and unloading of machines. Material-transfer applications require the robot to move materials or work parts from one to another. Machine loading and unloading operations utilize a robot to load and unload parts. This requires the robot to be equipped with a grip-per that can grasp parts. Usually the gripper must be designed specifically for the particular part geometry.

In robotic processing operations, the robot manipulates a tool to perform a process on the work part. Examples of such applications include spot welding, continuous arc welding and spray painting. Other operations in this category include grinding and polishing in which a rotating spindle serves as the robot's tool.

The third application area of industrial robots is assembly and inspection. The use of robots in assembly is expected to increase because of the high cost of manual labour. But the design of the product is an important aspect of robotic assembly.

Inspection is another area of factory operations in which the utilization of robots is growing. In a typical inspection job, the robot positions a sensor with respect to the work part and determines whether the part answers the quality specifications. In nearly all industrial robotic applications, the robot provides a substitute for human labour.