2. Make a plan of the text.

3. Translate the part of the text in italics in a written form.

4. Retell the text according to your plan.

X Comprehension skills.

Remember the words:

material handling – управління матеріалом

processing operations – операції обробки

assembly and inspection – зборка і контроль

to transfer – транспортувати

loading – загрузка

utilize – використовувати

gripper – пристрій для захвату (деталі)

spot welding – точечне зварювання

arc welding – дугове зварювання

grinding – зроблене

polishing – полірування

rotating spindle – обертаючий шпиндель

specifications – специфікація (характеристика)

Listen to the text and define if the statements are True or False:

1) Material-transfer applications do not require the robot to move materials or work parts from one to another.

2) Usually the gripper must be designed specifically for the particular past geometry.

3) In robotic processing operations, the robot manipulates a tool to perform a process on the work part.

4) Different kinds of welding are not done by robots.

Listen to the text once more and answer the questions:

1) In what machining operations does a rotating spindle serve as the robot's tool?

2) What another area of factory operations are robots used in?

Тексти для аудіювання Unit 1 Text c Engineering as a profession.

Today the traditional fields of engineering are not nearly as distinct as they used to be.

In application, the area of specialization shown on an engineering graduate's degree is not always a sure guide to that in which he will find employment.

However, a mechanical or electrical engineer, for example, may be employed by the aerospace, chemical, or mining industries, or by many others.

Many new areas of engineering endeavour, which come across the traditional lines, are today attracting attention. Direct energy conversion calls for a combination of mechanical, electrical and often chemical engineering. The field of bioengineering involves the application of electrical and mechanical engineering principles in understanding and repairing the human body. Environmental engineering and the study of water and air resources call for knowledge in geology, oceanography, and meteorology. Computer science, information engineering, systems engineering, and operations research are among the fields of recent interest.

Engineering is often compared to medicine and law in discussions of professional status. Engineers require specialised knowledge and intensive preparation with continued study after leaving the university. The profession has a strong organizational structure, requires high standards, and operates in the public service. These attributes are commonly associated with word professional.

Most important is the fact that engineers see themselves as professionals. They have to be technically competent and operate with responsibility in conformity with accepted notions of professionalism.

The number of people involved is larger than in most other professional areas.