- •Unit 1 What is Engineering? Text a
- •I. Read and translate the text using the vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •II Answer the following questions:
- •III Match the words:
- •IV Translate into English:
- •2. Make a plan of the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •II Answer the following questions:
- •III Match the words:
- •IV Translate into English:
- •V Translate into Ukrainian:
- •VI Translate into English:
- •VII Practise asking questions. Ask all possible questions to the different members of the sentence.
- •VIII Speak on the topic “Realms of Engineering”
- •IX Rendering
- •1. Read the text “Scientific and Technological Progress” and be ready to answer the following questions:
- •Text b Engineering Work
- •2. Make a plan of the text.
- •3. Translate the part of the text in italics in a written form.
- •4. Retell the text according to your plan.
- •X Listen to the text “Public Image of Engineering”
- •Unit 3 Text a The History of computer Development
- •I. Read and translate the text using the vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •II Answer the following questions:
- •VII Practise asking questions. Ask all possible questions to the different members of the sentence.
- •VIII Speak on the topic “Computers in our life”
- •IX Rendering
- •1. Read the text “Computers in our life” and be ready to answer the following questions:
- •Text b Computers in our life
- •2. Make a plan of the text.
- •3. Translate the part of the text in italics in a written form.
- •4. Retell the text according to your plan.
- •X Listen to the text “How has new technology changed your life”
- •Unit 4 Text a The internet
- •I. Read and translate the text using the vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •II Answer the following questions:
- •VII Practise asking questions.
- •2. Make a plan of the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •II Answer the following questions:
- •VII Practise asking questions. Ask all possible questions to the different members of the sentence.
- •2. Make a plan of the text.
- •Vocabulary –
- •II Answer the following questions:
- •III Match the words:
- •IV Translate into Ukrainian:
- •V Translate into English:
- •VI Translate the sentences into English:
- •VII Practise asking questions.
- •VIII Speak on the topic “Computerized Clothing”
- •IX Rendering
- •1. Read the text and be ready to answer the following questions:
- •Text b The Nature of the Industry
- •2. Make a plan of the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •II Answer the following questions:
- •VII Practise asking questions. Ask all possible questions to the different members of the sentence.
- •2. Make a plan of the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •II Answer the following questions:
- •III Match the terms:
- •IV Translate into Ukrainian:
- •V Translate into English:
- •VI Translate the sentences into English:
- •VII Practise asking questions.
- •2. Make a plan of the text.
- •3. Translate the part of the text in italics in a written form.
- •4. Retell the text according to your plan.
- •X Comprehension skills.
- •Тексти для аудіювання Unit 1 Text c Engineering as a profession.
- •Unit 2 Text c Public Image of Engineering
- •Unit 3 Text c Public Image of Engineering
- •Unit 4 Text c Public Image of Engineering
- •Unit 5 Text c Laptops Power Supply
- •Unit 6 Text c Laptops Power Supply
- •Unit 7 Text c Apparel Industry and computers
- •Unit 8 Text c Robots in Manufacturing
- •Тексти для самостійного читання
- •1. Read and translate the text:
- •2. Read and translate the text in a written form:
- •3. Computers and Computer Systems
- •4. Read and translate the text using the dictionary: Transistors
- •5. Microelectronics
- •6. Read and translate the text:
6. Read and translate the text:
The term 'semiconductor' means half-conductor that is a material whose conductivity ranges between that of conductors and non-conductors or insulators. They include great variety of elements (silicon, germanium, selenium, phosphorus and others), many chemical compounds (oxides, sulphides) as well as numerous ores and minerals.
While the conductivity of metals is very little influenced by temperature, conductivity of semiconductors sharply increases with heating and falls with cooling. This dependence has opened great prospects for employing semiconductors in measuring techniques.
Light as well as heat, increases the conductivity of semiconducting materials, this principle being used in creating photo resistances. It is also widely applied for switching on engines, for counting on conveyer belts, a well as various systems of emergency signals and for reproducing sound in cinematography. Besides reacting to light, semiconductors react to all kinds of radiations and they are therefore employing in designing electronic counters.
Engineers and physicists turned their attention to semiconductors more that fifty years ago, seeing in them the way of solving complicated engineering problems. Converting heat into electricity without using boilers or other machines was one of them. This could be done as means of metal thermocouples, but in this way impossible to convert more one per cent of the heat into electricity. The thermocouples made later of conductors more generated ten times as much electricity as the metal ones.
Sunlight like heat can feed our electric circuit. Photocells made of semiconducting materials are capable of transforming ten per cent of sunray energy into electric power. By burning wood, which has accumulated the same amount of solar energy, we obtained only heat fractions of one per cent of electric power. The electricity generated by semiconductor thermocouples can produce not only heat but also cold, this principle being used in manufacturing refrigerators. Semiconducting materials are also excellent means of maintaining a constant temperature irrespective of the surrounding temperature changes. The latter can vary over a wide range, for example, from 59C below OC to 100C above OC. Semiconductors are the youngest field of physical science. Yet even now they are determining the process of radio engineering, automation, chemistry, electrical engineering and many other fields of science and technique.