water quality and system
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Maximum |
Monitoring Requirements |
Comments |
Regulation ContaminantsContaminant Level Health Effects |
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(MCL) (Mg/L |
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unless noted) |
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Lead And |
Copper Lead Treatment |
Gastrointestinal |
Copper Rule |
Technology |
Effects |
(LCR) |
(Action Limit = |
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1.3) |
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Treatment |
Cancer Risk, |
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Technology |
Kidney/ Nervous |
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(Action Limit = |
System Effects |
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0.015) |
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Highly toxic to |
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infants |
KEY
*20 mg/l is equivalent to 30 pCi/L
pCi/L = picocuries per liter
GAC = granular activated carbon
GW = groundwater
MCLG = Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MDRL = Maximum Disinfectant Residual Level
MFL = Million fibers per liter longer than 10 microns
mrem ede/yr = mrem effective dose equivalent/yr
SDWA = Safe Drinking Water Act
Follow-up monitoring is every 6 |
Action levels (ALs) measured at the tap |
months after corrosion control is |
instead of MCLs. ALs must be met in 90% |
initiated or optimized. System samples.of the All systems exceeding either of the consistently meeting ALs can reduce ALs must provide corrosion control monitoring annually, and then to every treatment and public education. Systems > 3 years. 50,000 must optimize corrosion control.
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Maximum |
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Contaminant |
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Level (MCL) |
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Regulation |
Contaminants |
(Mg/L unless |
Health Effects |
Monitoring Requirements |
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noted) |
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Standard |
Phase I |
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Monitoring |
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Framework |
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(SMF) |
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Volatile Organic |
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Compounds |
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1,1 - |
0.007 |
Liver/Kidney Effects |
4 quarterly samples during the first 3 years. Monitor |
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Dichloroethylene |
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annually beginning in 1996, if no detects. Or if all 21 |
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VOCs were sampled after 1/88 and not detected, the state |
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may authorize annual sampling in 1993. Monitor every 3 |
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years after 3 years of no detects. Monitoring may be |
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reduced after vulnerability assessment. |
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1,1,1- |
0.2 |
Nervous System Effects |
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Trichloroethane |
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1,2-Dichloroethylene0.005 |
Cancer Risk |
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Benzene |
0.005 |
Cancer Risk |
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Carbon Tetrachloride0.005 |
Cancer Risk |
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para- |
0.075 |
Cancer Risk |
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Dichlorobenzene |
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Trichloroethylene |
0.005 |
Cancer Risk |
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(TCE) |
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Vinyl Chloride |
0.002 |
Cancer Risk |
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Phase II* |
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Inorganic |
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Compounds |
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Asbestos (fiber |
7 MFL |
LungTumors/Cancer Risk |
Asbestos |
Once every 9 years |
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length>10um) |
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Barium |
2 |
Circulatory System Effects Nitrate |
Groundwater annually. |
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Cadmium |
0.005 |
Kidney Effects |
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Surface water quarterly |
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Chromium (total) |
O. 1 |
Liver/Kidney/Circulatory |
Nitrite |
One sample every 3 years |
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Effects |
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Mercury (inorganic) 0.002 |
KidneyCentral Nervous |
Other |
Surface water annually Groundwater every 3 |
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System Disorder |
Inoganics |
years |
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Nitrate (as N) |
10 |
Methemoglobinemia (blue VOCs |
Same as Phase I |
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baby syndrome) |
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Nitrite (as N) |
1 |
Methemoglobinemia (blue SOCs |
4 quarterly samples every 3 years. After one |
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baby syndrome) |
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round of no detects reduce monitoring |
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available |
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Selenium |
0.05 |
Nervous System Effects |
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Volatile Organic |
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Compounds* |
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1,1,2- |
0.005 |
Kidney/Liver Effects |
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Trichloroethane |
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1,2,4- |
0.07 |
Liver/Kidney Effects |
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Trichlorobenzene |
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1,2-Dichlopropane |
0.005 |
Cancer Risk |
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Chlorobenzene |
0.O1 |
Nervous System And Liver |
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Effects |
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cis-1,2- |
0.07 |
Liver/Kidney/Nervous/ |
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Dichloroethylene |
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Circulatory Effects |
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Ethylbenzene |
0.7 |
Liver/Kidney/Nervous |
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System Effects |
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ortho- |
0.6 |
Liver/Kidney/Blood Cell |
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Dichlorobenzene |
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Effects |
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Styrene |
O. 1 |
Liver/Nervous System |
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Effects |
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Tetrachloroethylene |
0.005 |
Cancer Risk |
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(PCE) |
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Toluene |
1 |
Liver/Kidney/Nervous/ |
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Circulatory Effects |
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trans-1,2- |
0.1 |
Liver/Kidney/Nervous/ |
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Dichloroethylene |
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Circulatory Effects |
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Xylenes (total) |
10 |
Liver/Kidney/Nervous |
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System Effects |
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Maximum Contaminant |
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Regulation |
Contaminant |
Level (MCL), (Mg/L unless |
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noted) |
Health Effects |
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Standard |
Phase II (continued) |
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Monitoring |
Synthetic Organic |
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Framework (SMF) |
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Compounds |
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2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin) |
0.00000003 |
Cancer Risk |
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2,4-D |
0.07 |
Liver/Kidney Effects |
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2,4,5-TP (Silvex) |
0.05 |
Liver/Kidney Effects |
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Acrylamide |
Treatment Technology |
Cancer Risk/Nervous System Effects |
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Alachlor |
0.002 |
Cancer Risk |
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Aldicarb** |
0.003 |
Nervous System Effects |
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Aldicarb Sulfone |
0.002 |
Nervous System Effects |
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Aldicarb Sulfoxide |
0.004 |
Nervous System Effects |
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Atrazine |
0.003 |
Liver/Kidney/Lung/Cario. Effects/Cancer Risk |
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Carbofuran |
0.04 |
Nervous/Reproductive System Effects |
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Chlordane |
0.002 |
Cancer Risk |
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Dibromochloropropane |
0.0002 |
Cancer Risk |
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Ethylene Dibromide |
0.00005 |
Cancer Risk |
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(EDB) |
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Epichlorohydrin |
Treatment Technology |
Cancer Risk |
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Heptachlor |
0.0004 |
Cancer Risk |
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Heptachlor Epoxide |
0.0002 |
Cancer Risk |
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Lindane |
0.0002 |
Liver/Kidney/Nervous/Immune/Circulatory |
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Effects |
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Methoxychlor |
0.04 |
Liver/Kidney/Nervous Developmental Effects |
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PCBs |
0.0005 |
Cancer Risk |
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Pentachlorophenol |
0.001 |
Cancer Risk |
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Toxaphene |
0.003 |
Cancer Risk |
Fluoride Rule |
Fluoride*** |
4 |
Skeletal Effects |
*Initial monitoring VOCs/SOCs quarterly. Monitoring costs for Phase II/V requirements can be minized in a number of ways: 1) use of historical data, 2) use waivers, 3) susceptibility waivers and 4) compositing.
**Aldicarb MCLs not in effect.
***MONITORING REQUIREMENTS: Same as Phase II organics.
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Maximum Contaminant |
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Regulation |
Contaminant |
Level (MCL) (Mg/L unless |
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noted) |
Health Effects |
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Standard MonitoringPhase V* |
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Framework (SMF) |
Inorganic Compounds |
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Antimony |
0.006 |
Decrease Longevity, Blood Effects |
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Beryllium |
0.004 |
Bone/Lung Effects/Cancer Risk |
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Cyanide |
0.02 |
Spleen/Brain/Liver Effects |
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Nickel |
O. 1 |
Nervous System/Liver Effects |
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Thallium |
0.002 |
Kidney/Liver/Brain/Intestine Effects |
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Volatile Organic |
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Compounds |
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Dichloromethane |
0.005 |
Cancer Risk |
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Synthetic Organic |
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Compounds |
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Dalapon |
0.2 |
Kidney/Liver Effects |
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Di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate |
0.4 |
Liver/Reproductive Effects |
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Diethylhexyl Rhthalate |
0.006 |
Cancer Risk |
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Dinoseb |
0.007 |
Thyroid/Reproductive Organ Effects |
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Diquat |
O. 1 |
Ocular/Liver/Kidney/Gastrointestinal Effects |
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Endothall |
O. 1 |
Liver/Kidney/Gastrointestinal/Reproductive |
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Effects |
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Endrin |
0.002 |
Liver/Kidney/Heart Effects |
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Glyphosate |
0.7 |
Liver/Kidney Effects |
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Hexachlorobenzene |
0.001 |
Cancer Risk |
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Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.05 |
Kidney/Stomach Effects |
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Oxamyl (Vydate) |
0.2 |
Kidney Effects |
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PAHs (Benzo(a)pyrene) |
0.0002 |
Cancer Risk |
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Picloram |
0.5 |
Kidney/Liver Effects |
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Simazine |
0.004 |
Cancer Risk |
*MONITORING REQUIREMENTS: Same as Phase II. |
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Maximum Contaminant Level |
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Regulation |
Contaminant |
(MCL) (Mg/L unless noted) |
Health Effects |
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Standard Monitoring |
Phase VIB (proposed)* |
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Framework (SMF) |
Inorganic Compounds |
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Boron |
0.6/1.0 |
Testicular Atrophy |
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Manganese |
0.2 |
Nervous System Dysfunction |
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Molybdenum |
0.4 |
Urinary Toxicity And Gout |
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Like Sickness |
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Zinc |
2 |
Copper Imbalance |
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Volatile Organic Compounds |
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1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane |
0.07 |
Systemic Toxicity/Possible |
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Cancer Risk |
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1,2,3-Trichloropropane |
0.0008 |
Cancer Risk |
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1,3-Dichloropropane |
0.0006 |
Cancer Risk |
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Bromomethane |
0.01 |
Spleen Effects |
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Synthetic Organic |
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Compounds |
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2,4-2,6-Dinitrotoluene |
0.003 |
Cancer Risk |
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Acifluorfen/Lactofen |
0.002 |
Cancer Risk |
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Acrylonitrite |
0.003 |
Cancer Risk |
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Bromacil |
Unregulated Monitoring |
Cancer Risk |
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Cyanazine |
0.001 |
Systemic Toxicity/Possible |
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Cancer Risk |
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Dicamba |
0.2 |
Developmental Effects |
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Ethylenethiourea |
0.025 |
Cancer Risk |
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Hexachlorobutadiene |
0.001 |
Kidney Toxicity/Possible |
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Cancer Risk |
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Metolachlor |
O. 1 |
Liver Toxicity/Possible Cancer |
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Risk |
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Methyl-t-Butyl Ether |
Unregulated Monitoring |
Kidney Toxicity |
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Methomyl |
0.2 |
Kidney Toxicity |
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Metribuzin |
0.2 |
Liver And Kidney Toxicity |
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Prometon |
Unregulated Monitoring |
Possible Cancer Risk |
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Trifluralin |
0.005 |
Blood And Liver Toxicity |
*MONITORING REQUIREMENTS: Same as Phase II.
COMMENTS: Phase VIB rule was expected to be proposed in February 1995 and finalized in February 1997. Rule is based upon the SDWA requirement to regulate an additional 25 contaminants every 3 years. Some of these 25 contamiannts will be provided by the D/DBP Rule.
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Page 285
Index
A
Air Gap, 76
B
Backflow Preventers, 76
Bidets, 54
Bonds bid, 226
payment, 226-227 performance, 226
C
Chlorinators, 167-177
Cleanouts, 76
Clinics, 201-202
Complaints, common, 8-11
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, 117
Construction
contracts, 217-218 design, 211-215 fast-track, 216 field work, 218-220
final cost estimate, 215-218 hiring contractors, 216-217 inspection, 220-223 planning, 205-211 Contractors
generally, 219-220 hiring, 216-217 managing, 257 payment, 224-225 Corrosion, 38-40 resistant coatings, 39-40
D
Deionizers, 178-181
Designers, 254-255
E
EPA's WAVE Saver Program, 89
F
Facility Manager, 253-254
Filters, 164-167
Fixtures bidets, 54 generally, 51-52 showers, 54-56
sinks and bathtubs, 52-53 toilets, 53
urinals, 53-54
Flow Meters, 57-63
Fountains, 201
H
Hard Water, 159
Hazardous Waste Management, 118
Hot Water Systems, 91
Hydraulics, 67-74
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Hydrologic Cycle, 13-14
I
Information Collection Rule, 115
Instrumentation
calibration, 66 flow meters, 57-63
pressure recorders, 63-65 thermometers, 65-66 Insulation, 103
K
Kitchens, 190-193
L
Lab Technicians, 255-256
Laboratories, 141-144, 202
Lagoons, 153
Lavatories, 183-190
Leak Detection, 250-251
M
Maintenance elements of, 239-241 generally, 239 staffing for, 245
tips and shortcuts, 245-248 Metals, disolved, 133-134 Metering, 7-8 Microorganisms Cryptosporidium, 139
E. Coli, 136-138 generally, 135-141 Giardia, 138 Legionella, 140
N
National Fire Protection Association, 121
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System, 111-112
National Primary Standards, 114
Needs Assessment, 82-83
O
Oxygenated Ditch, 156
P
Personal Protective Equipment, 259
Personnel, managing, 253
Pipe
ABS, 33
and pump cost tradeoffs, 43-45 buried, 38
clay, 34 concrete, 34 copper, 32
double-walled, 38 ductile iron, 31 fiberglass, 34 fittings, 26-30
in older facilities, 35 joints
bell and spigot, 41 compression, 42 flanged, 42
glued, 41 mechanical, 42 screwed, 40
sweated or brazed, 40-41 welded, 42-45
PVC, 33 remodeling and, 35 sanatary sewer, 37 spools, 251
steel, 31-32 stormwater, 36-37 Piping
componants and systems, 25 hot water and, 101-102 materials, 30-34 wastewater, 35-36
water supply, 35
Planned Water Management, 1-2
Planners, 255
Plant Operators, 257
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