Англ. для заоч.Андрианова
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2 The most important feature of this plant is that all its shops are dipped with automatic and semi-automatic machine tools.
3 The difficulty is whether all the processes of the production at the plant can be mechanized.
укажите, гае может стоять союз, вводящий определительное придаточное предложение. Предложения переведите.
1. A few pounds of uranium 235 can supply a medium-sized town
vrith all the electricity |
it |
needs during a whole year. |
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2. |
The atomic weight |
of an atom is the number of protons and neu- |
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trons |
it contains. |
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3. |
The phenomenon Roentgen discovered is widely used in medicine. |
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4. |
This is a type |
of |
reaction you will easily understand. |
5.One of the problems Kurchatov worked at was the problem of mastering controlled thermonuclear reactions.
6.Einstein gave an entirely new idea of the world we live in.
7.The problem we are dealing with is very important for our labora-
tory.
8.The substance they had to work with had an unpleasant odour.
Прочтите текст А и выпишите из него все интернациональные слова, переведите их, не прибегая к помощи словаря. Значения слов national, natural, total проверьте по словарю.
TEXT А. ВАМ —ARTERY OF LIFE
Mikhail Lomonosov, a famous Russian scientist, once said that the ^crease of Russia's power would come from Siberia. That these words ^id more than 200 years ago were true is quite evident today. Siberia is c*tremely rich in natural resources,1 and the potential of Siberian power Iteration is truly unique: cheap coal and powerful rivers are in abun-
T^ce there. One of the main |
objects of the programme of Siberia devel- |
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j| m e n l |
is to transform the |
region into the major national fuel and |
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^Sy |
base. |
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strategic ways for accelerating economic growth of Sibe- |
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the Baikal-Amur Railway, known as BAM, and the development |
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lands around it. The construction of the BAM main line was com- |
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181
pleted in 1984. |
Great difficulties had to be overcome during the |
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struction of the railway. It runs through the taiga, huge |
marshes |
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rivers. Though the BAM main line lies in approximately |
the same |
t ^ |
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tude as Moscow, Copenhagen and Glasgow, the winter |
here lasts |
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eight |
months with temperatures of down to-60°C and snow of |
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one |
metre deep. |
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^10 |
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When the construction work on BAM was at its |
3 |
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height, |
L |
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130,000 people |
of 108 different nationalities were |
engaged |
in buildiQe Ut |
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The |
BAM main |
line is 3,100 km long, there are |
over 2,000 bridges |
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it, the total length of the tunnels is 32 km. The most powerful electa01! locomotives draw freight trains on BAM.
BAM is a truly unique economic, social and scientific project, n^ influence it has on the local economy is already impressive. It enables large timber, chemical and metallurgy complexes to be built in the new economic zone, permits to start up industrial regions with really good conditions for people to work and live in.
The BAM zone stretches over a million and a half square kilometres
Several large territorial-production |
complexes |
are being set |
up in the |
area. Coking coal and iron ore, oil |
and gas, |
copper, nickel, |
cobalt and |
some other minerals are being extracted here, first large enterprises have
already |
begun working thanks to the railway which is called here an "ar- |
tery of |
life". |
Notes on the Text
1.natural resources — полезные ископаемые
2.was at its height — была в разгаре
Words to Be Learnt
area n — край
complete v — заканчивать enable v — давать возможность evident a — очевидный
extract v — добывать famous a — знаменитый freight n — груз
growth n — рост
impressive a — впечатляющий influence n — влияние
last v — длиться ore n — руда
permit v — позволять railway n — железная дорога rich a — богатый
set up v — воздвигать stretch v — простираться timber n — лесоматериалы train n — поезд
182
ф^ггьте на вопросы: |
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What did M. Lomonosov say about Siberia? |
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2 |
Why is the potential of Siberian power generation unique? |
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Which is one of the main objects of Siberia development? |
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4 |
When was the construction of the BAM main line completed? |
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5 |
Why was it difficult to build this railway? |
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How many people were engaged in the construction? |
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7' |
What is the length of the BAM main line? |
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g |
How |
many bridges are there on this railway? |
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9. What |
mineral |
resources are extracted in the BAM zone? |
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К)! What |
is BAM |
called? |
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WORD STUDY
g Определите, к каким частям речи относятся слова одного корня, затем
перевелнте слова:
to transform — transformer — transformation; to accelerate — accelerator— acceleration; to convert — converter — conversion — convertible; to
compare — comparison — comparative — comparatively; |
to |
construct — |
constructor — construction — constructive — constructively; |
to |
electrify — |
electric — electrical — electricity — electrician — electrification
9, К словам из группы (а) подберите синонимы из группы (б):
а) to finish, famous, to obtain, to convert, to apply, different, thanks to, to transmit, to permit
б) to broadcast, to allow, various, to use, to transform, to complete, well-known, due to, to get
К словам из группы (а) подберите антонимы из группы (б):
>) solid, |
increase, cheap, natural, fast, light, rich, unknown, to begin, |
^ connect, |
different |
в) liquid, same, to complete, famous, decrease, poor, man-made, ex- P^ive, dark, to disconnect, slow
^Феведнте предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод объектного ••финитивного оборота:
n \ The high level of nuclear physics research made it possible for Sla to become the first country to start using atomic energy for
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purposes. |
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ties |
e c o n o m i c |
development of the BAM zone permits a whole se- |
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Problems to |
be solved. |
183
3. |
The construction of the Baikal-Amur railway allowed new t0 |
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settlements and cultural centres to be built in Siberia. |
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4. |
It is necessary to have a force to cause electrons |
to move fv |
their |
orbits. |
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5. |
It is important to find effective methods to make |
our star |
Sun, |
serve mankind. |
* ^ |
6. |
The new railway lines will allow effective exploration of natu |
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resources to be conducted in Siberia and Far East. |
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12. Переведите предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевоз слов make
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cause: |
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* |
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а) |
1. |
It |
is obvious |
that if an electron absorbs energy, this energy |
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will make |
it pass from one orbit to another. |
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2. |
While making calculations the engineer made some mistakes. |
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3. |
Russian physicists made some interesting reports at the last inter- |
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national symposium |
of |
physicists. |
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4. |
This |
part of |
the |
device should be made of aluminium since it is |
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to |
be |
light. |
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б) |
1. Heating can cause chemical changes. |
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2. |
Pressure causes ice to melt. |
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3. |
All her life she was devoted to the cause of women's rights. |
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4. |
Pressure in any fluid is due to one of the two causes: either com- |
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pression |
by |
some sort |
of mechanical pumping device or the weight of |
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the |
fluid |
itself. |
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13.Найдите определительные придаточные предложения и укажите, в каких случаях можно опустить союз. Предложения переведите (§ 126).
1. All the knowledge of physics which you have is not sufficient to
explain this phenomenon. All the knowledge of |
physics which helped |
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you before will not be sufficient to explain this |
phenomenon. |
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2. The variety of purposes which influence the |
usage of electricity is |
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endless. The variety of purposes which electricity |
is used for nowadays |
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is endless. |
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3. The two facts which caused great changes in |
industry will be |
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mentioned in the report. The two facts which |
you |
have mentioned |
caused great changes in industry. |
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14.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод бессоНЯ**** придаточных предложений:
1.The energy a body possesses represents its capacity to do work- ^
2.It is quite evident BAM will draw into economic activity vast о areas rich in natural resources.
184
3 The programme |
Russian |
scientists have worked |
out for Siberia |
de- |
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i o p m e n t |
includes all |
aspects |
of |
life |
in this |
vast region. |
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4. The |
TV programme |
"Vremya" |
Russian |
people |
watch |
every |
eve- |
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^ g has become one of the main |
sources of |
political |
information |
in |
our |
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country- |
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matter |
possesses |
energy. |
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5. We may say every |
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15. 0<ревсаите сложноподчиненные |
предложения |
(§ |
121—127): |
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1. An |
important factor |
of Siberian power generation is |
that |
cheap |
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coal and powerful rivers are in abundance |
there. |
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2. That |
the accelerated |
development of railroads is a requirement of |
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our time is a well-known |
fact. |
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3. A transformer cannot be called |
a machine for |
it has |
no moving |
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parts.
4. A.S. Popov invented a device which received electrical signals at great distances without any wires.
5. That Mendeleyev was right in his predictions is proved by the
discovery |
of new elements. |
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6. For |
an |
electrician the |
most important question is whether a |
solid |
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is a conductor |
of electricity |
or not. |
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16. Найдите в предложениях синонимы due to. Предложения |
переведите. |
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1. Owing to new railway lines built in Siberia |
and |
the Far |
East |
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much more natural resources |
will be extracted in those |
regions. |
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2. Aluminium and its alloys are very useful because of good corrosion resistance combined with their light weight.
3. Thanks to new railway lines built in Siberia its economy has been successfully developing over the last years.
И- Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание, пользуясь списком новых слов:
TEXT В. COMPUTERS HELP ТО CONTROL TRAIN TRAFFIC
advise v — советовать |
processing n — обработка |
choose (chose, chosen) v — выбирать |
purpose n — цель |
drive (drove, driven) v — вести (поезд, |
reduce v—уменьшать |
машину) |
route n — маршрут |
E*therer n — составитель (поездов) |
take over v — принимать |
movement л—движение |
traffic n—движение; транспорт |
185
An automatic train operation system is being developed in our соиъ try. It will make possible to control and regulate train traffic on all щ ways. This system is being formed on the basis of computer centra which exist on each of the country's railway lines.
The |
purpose of |
the traffic control system based on electronics is ^ |
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make |
easier the work of traffic controllers who |
direct |
the |
movement of |
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trains |
on |
the most |
intensive lines. The computer |
will |
give |
the control^ |
the full information on the conditions on the line, model all the processes on the route and advise him what he should do to improve the situation. The computer will advise the drivers with which speed they should drive trains on each sector of the route.
The computer system will help train gatherers in their work. It is only now, in the computer age, that it has become possible to choose the necessary variants of train formation automatically. The new method will double the speed of train processing and make the work of railway-men easier.
In the future it is planned to automate train driving as well. The computer will take over driver's functions, making it possible to considerably reduce the intervals of train movement.
*18. Выберите правильный ответ в соответствии с содержанием текста:
1. What is the purpose of the traffic control electronic system?
a)to drive trains;
b)to improve traffic routes;
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c) |
to make the work of |
traffic |
controllers easier. |
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2. |
What information will the |
computer give the |
controller? |
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a) |
the information on the weather conditions; |
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b) |
the full information on the |
conditions on |
the line; |
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c) |
the information on the wind |
direction. |
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3. |
What will the computer advise |
the |
drivers? |
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a) |
to choose necessary variants |
of |
train |
formation; |
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b) to drive freight trains; |
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c) |
with which speed they |
should |
drive |
trains. |
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19.Переведите слова и сочетания в скобках, пользуясь списком слов, даниЫ* ниже:
1. The train operation system will make it possible (управл***) and regulate train traffic.
2. Computer centres exist on each (железнодорожной линии).
186
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3. |
The computer |
will advise the drivers with which speed they |
u^d |
(вести поезда). |
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4. Computers will |
help to (значительно) reduce the intervals of train |
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(даи*ение). |
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5. Traffic controllers (управляют) the movement of trains on the most
intensive lines.
considerably, railway line; drive trains; to control; movement; direct
Revision Exercises
IПереведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения слова one (§ 18, 117):
1. One can hardly find a sphere where power is not required.
2.One of the most useful applications of Ohm's law is the measuring of resistance.
3.Scientists develop new processes and improve old ones to produce better kinds of steel.
1L Переведите предложения, обращая внимание иа различные значения слова that (§ 139):
1. Atomic energy |
can serve people but one should never forget that |
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that energy |
can also |
destroy the world. |
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2. |
That |
research in the |
field of converting |
solar energy |
into electric- |
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ity is |
very |
important |
today |
is quite evident. |
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3. |
The BAM area is nearly equal to that |
of Western |
Europe. |
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4. |
The main factor of Siberia industrial development is that large |
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territorial |
production |
complexes are being built there. |
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5. |
It |
is |
heat that |
causes many chemical changes. |
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фDO YOU KNOW THAT...
-..railroads are the main kind of transport in Russia? (Every day
Russian |
railroads |
deliver three fourths |
of the |
volume of |
globe's |
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fre,ght |
and |
about |
40 per cent of passengers' transportations.) |
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-the |
length of |
Russian railroads is about 80,000 km (the second |
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pUc« |
in |
the |
world |
after |
the USA)? |
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-Russia |
occupies the |
first place in the |
world |
in electrified |
railroads |
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ltn°rc |
than |
39,000 |
km)? |
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...our railroads transport more than 1830 million |
passengers |
an<i |
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million tons of freight? |
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...our country has 19 railroad lines in |
all? The |
longest railroad • |
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Oktyabrskaya (more than 10 million km). |
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,s |
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ЗАКОНЧИВ РАБОТУ НАД УРОКОМ 13, |
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ВЫ ДОЛЖНЫ ЗНАТЬ: |
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1. Чтение букв и |
буквосочетаний, передающих звук [э:]. |
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2. Грамматический |
материал: |
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а) объектный инфинитивный оборот после глаголов: to |
make, to |
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cause, to allow, to |
permit, to enable; |
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б) способы связи и перевода придаточных предложений |
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подлежащих и сказуемых; |
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в) как найти бессоюзное определительное придаточное |
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предложение и перевести его на русский |
язык. |
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3. Слова, выделенные для запоминания, с. 182. |
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Вы должны знать 349 слов и |
выражений. |
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LESSON FOURTEEN
Правила чтения
Буквы и буквосочетания, перелающие звук [ei].
Грамматика
р Сослагательное наклонение (Subjunctive Mood).
К А К РАБОТАТЬ Н А Д У Р О К О М
Урок рекомендуется изучать следующим образом:
1. Выполните упражнение на повторение правил чтения.
2; Проработайте грамматический материал: сослагательное наклонение (§ 71—74). Вы должны знать, как образуется сослагательное наклонение в английском языке, случаи его употребления и способ перевода на русский язык. Выполните упражнение 2.
3.Выполните упражнение 3 на интернациональную лексику.
4.Прочтите текст А вслух два-три раза и переведите его, пользуясь словарем. Выучите слова на с. 192. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту (упражнение 4).
5.Для расширения словарного запаса и лучшего его усвоения выполните упражнения раздела "Word Study".
6.Для закрепления грамматического и лексического материала выполните упражнения 8—11.
7. Прочтите текст В и выполните упражнения 13, 14.
8' Для повторения пройденного материала выполните упражнения раздела "Revision Exercises".
Прочтите раздел "It Is Interesting to Know That..". Exercises
Прочтите слова, обращая внимание на то, что выделенные буквы а, е Самостоятельно и в буквосочетаниях передают звук [eij:
train, rail, main, raise, con'tain, ob'tain, explain day, may, lay, ray, way, say, a'way
change, range, strange, danger lei} waste, paste, haste, taste, baste
situate, calculate, create, investigate, accelerate, formation, station, *o-,ope'ration, ,application
break, steak, great, they, con'vey
189
GRAMMAR STUDY
2. Перевезите предложения ив русский язык. Обратите особое вниманв*
перевод сказуемого (§ 74): |
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а) в придаточных предложениях подлежащих, начинающихся с союза |
( Ц |
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оборотов типа: |
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it |
is |
necessary — необходимо |
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it |
is |
important — важно |
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it |
is |
desirable — желательно |
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it |
is |
required — требуется |
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1. It is important that this substance should remain liquid |
at the |
lowest temperature. |
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2. It is required that many new alloys having great resistance |
to var- |
ious loading conditions (should) be developed. |
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3.It is necessary that the number of machine tools at our plant should be increased.
4.It is desirable that the engine should combine high efficiency and lightness.
б) в |
дополнительных придаточных |
предложениях, |
начинающихся с союза that, |
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после глаголов, выражающих: |
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приказание, требование — to |
order, |
to |
demand, to |
require |
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предложение — to suggest, |
to |
propose |
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желание — to wish, to desire |
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1. They suggested that the |
question of applying a new method in |
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their research should be |
discussed at |
once. |
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2. The engineer demanded that the |
materials which are to be used io |
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the |
construction (should) |
be carefully |
tested. |
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3. We wish that you would |
tell us what this substance consists of. |
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в) в |
придаточных обстоятельственных, |
начинающихся с союзов: |
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м |
^ |
1 как будто, |
so that — так, чтобы |
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as though |
J к а к е с л и б" |
Itst — чтобы не |
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1. The |
Earth behaves |
as if it were a large magnet. |
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2. The man spoke as |
though |
he were an expert on this subject- |
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3. One |
should operate |
this machine carefully lest it go out of order- |
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4. A tidal power plant has been built on the Barents Sea so that |
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energy of |
the sea could |
be utilized. |
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