Англ. для заоч.Андрианова

well, next, strength, question, electron, effect

meant, ready, measure, heavy, spread, in'stead

very, ever, guess, friend

even, recent, region, equal, com'plete, ex'tremely

heat, stream, each, leave, teach, peaceful

да

field, diesel, piece, a'chieve, believe

people, ceiling, re'ceive, ma'chine

GRAMMAR STUDY

Црря*гочяое предложение

Глааное предложение

I тип — реальное усл<вне (относится к любому времени)

If the motor is out of order,

we will repair it.

p —

у не в порядке.

мы отремонтируем его.

II тип — маловероятное условие (стносктся к настоящему или будущему времени)

If the motor were out of order,

we would repair it.

Йи мотор был не в порядке.

мы бы отремонтировали его. (сегодня, завтра)

Ill тип — нереальное уело 1ие (относится к прошедшему времени)

Ifthe motor bad been out of Older,

we would have repaired it.

Если бы мотор был не в порядке,

мы бы отремонтировали его. (вчера)

Союзы,

вводящие условные предложения

u, In case

если, в случае

provided

при условии

(providing)

•a condition

если не, если бы не

••less, but for

б) 1. Providing

mercury did not expand when heated, it would not

Used for taking

temperatures.

come

too hot

by day and too cold at night.

2. Should the scientist use a radio telescope, he would obtain much

more

information about that small planet.

3.

Could

the observations have been proved

theoretically, they

would

have advanced our knowledge in the field of space research.

4.

Had the

information been received in time, we

would have used

TEXT

A. WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC CURRENT?

The

question

is often asked: "What

is an electric current?" No one

has ever

seen it.

We only know of the

existence of a current o w i n g to

netic effects. The practical unit of current

is

called

the Ampere.

Two

things

are

necessary

to

cause

an

electric

current

to

first — a complete circuit, and

second—a

driving force1 called

the elec-

tromotive

force

(e. m. f.).

If you put free electrons on an insulated copper ball, what would they

do? In this case they would try to repel each other. In case you

c o n n e c t e d

this charged ball

to

another ball of

equal

size by a

copper wire, wn

pie

of electromotive force causing a current to flow.

A battery has a surplus of electrons on one of its two plates; so У

say

that a battery furnishes an e. m. f. If a copper wire is run fro111

202

Notes on

the Text

I. driving force (here) = electromotive

force

(e. m. f.) — электродвижущая сила

1 and the like — и другие подобные

(вещества)

S. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is the unit of current?

2.

What can an electric current

do?

3.

What is necessary to cause

an electric current to flow?

4. What are the most common

sources of electromotive force?

5.

How does current flow in various

substances?

6.

What is the unit of resistance?

1.

What substances do we call

insulators?

8. What semiconductors do

you know?

Words to

Be Learnt

charge v — заряжать

owing to prp — благодаря

circuit n — цепь

plate n — плата, пластинка

common a—распространенный, общий

readily adv — легко, быстро

complete а — зд. замкнутая

semiconductor п — полупроводник

current п — ток

silicon л — кремний

evidence п — доказательство

substitute (for) v — заменять

|®sulate v — изолировать

thus adv — таким образом

«sulator п — изолятор

tiny а — крошечный

Uke а — похожий, подобный

WORD STUDY

6. Переведите группы слое одного корня:

Глагол

Существительные, обозначающие

Прилагательные

прибор

процесс

или Participle |[

conduct

conductor

conduction

conductive

conductivity

generate

generator

generation

generative

induce

inductor

induction

inductive

inductance

insulate

insulator

insulation

insulated

receive

receiver

reception

received

resist

resistor

resistance

resistive

transmit

transmitter

transmission

transmitted

а) 1. If the solid is heated,

it (to expand).

the motion of electrons (to increase).

2. In case they created

it (to be put) into operation at once,

the device

they (to conduct) interesting

observations.

3. Had he examined

no overheating (to take place).

the motor

he (not to switch) it on.

vided

the voltage and current are known.

4.

Provided the Earth's mass were twice as great as it is, it would

attract

any body twice as strongly.

б)

1. Radio waves are like light waves.

other.

. 5.

Unlike solids and liquids all gases have nearly the same coeffi-

Clent

of expansion.

союзов:

"Vj

1. Between conductors and insulators

there are many

materials whi к

are neither good

conductors

nor good

insulators.

2. Neither of

the engines

will give

the efficiency

desired.

5. There is no doubt that both magnetic

and

electrostatic

forces play

a part

in the formation of all

molecules.

11. Запомните значения but. Предложения переведите.

but — но; только, лишь; кроме

but

for — если бы не

1. The proton and neutron have almost the same weight, but the

electron weighs

only 1/2,000th

as

much as

a

proton or neutron.

2.

The nucleus of hydrogen contains but

one proton.

3.

An electric current is but a procession of charges.

4.

Whether other substances but uranium possessed the property of

emitting radiations

was of great interest to

scientists.

5.

It seems that the electron is nothing

but

a charged

particle.

6.

But for the atmosphere no life would be possible on the Earth.

12. Переведите

и

определите

тип

условных

предложений

(реальное,

field

around

it.

2.

Should a permanent

magnet

be moved in and out of a coil of

wire,

both the magnet and the coil

would be used as

a simple

e l e c t n c

generator.

3.

Had

there been no

Earth's

gravitation, the

artificial

satellite®

speed.

It would have been impossible to launch space satellites and spa**

4.

rockets provided we had not

had

the

necessary

polymeric

m a t e r i a l s afl

synthetic fuels.

5.

Unless the temperature

rises,

the

speed of

the motion

of the m<>

cules

will not increase.

£ Were the

temperature increased,

the velocity of

the

molecular

mo-

w o u l d

also

be increased,

jf you were asked: "How

can

electric

charges

be

made to

flow

(j what

factors influence their

flow?" what

would

you

answer?

excess n — излишек

reinforce v — усиливать

bead of water — высота напора воды

storage n — хранилище

HEPshydroe!ectric plant

twice as much — вдвое больше

peak load hours — часы максимальной

(пиковой) нагрузки

Pumped storage plants are designed

and built to reinforce nuclear

reserve for

such cases

at

atomic power plants, for example. However, a

nuclear reactor

cannot

be

stopped at

will. The best operational regime

for reactors

is

even loads

throughout

twenty-four hours. Therefore it is

Jtoiuic

power plant it pumps the water

from the lower reservoir into

® upper

one as "pumped storage". It

accumulates a head of water

"

then

turns into energy during the peak load hours.

The total capacity of pumped storage

plants throughout the world is

У ? of millions of kilowatts. The biggest

plants have been built in the

^d

States, such as the

Ludington atomic station with the capacity of

e trillion

872 thousand

kilowatts,

at 7

^

Panning to construct a 1.2 million kw pumped storage plant

^gorsk

near Moscow.

2.

What is the best operational regime for

nuclear reactors?

a) with peak load hours;

b) with uneven

loads

throughout twenty-four hours;

c) with even loads throughout twenty-four hours.

3.

Where has the biggest

pumped storage plant been built?

a) in the USA; b) in Russia; c) in Italy.

4.

What is the total capacity of all pumped storage plants in the world?

a) it is one million 872

thousand kilowatts;

b) it is tens of

millions

of kilowatts;

c) it is six million kilowatts.

*15. Выберите синонимы к выделенным словам:

1.

nuclear power — a) atomic; b) hydrogen; с) solar

2.

reinforce — a)

pump;

b)

charge; c)

insulate; d) strengthen

3.

turn (into) — a)

cause;

b) convert; c) store; d) become

4.

store — a) include;

b)

construct; c) accumulate; d) dump

5.

operate — a) build;

b)

function; c) seem; d) get

To

master thermonuclear reactions the scientist had to...

In

order to switch on the

engine the operator used...

2.

They were to launch a new satellite to...

Their aim was to launch

a new satellite to...

3.

Atomic fuel is to be utilized in various branches...

Atomic fuel to be utilized

is

one of the

most promising...

He

spoke about the fuels

to

be utilized

in space research.

The current caused the readings on the metre to

increase.

The

device permits the current to be measured accurately.

The

battery will allow an e. m. f. to be induced

in the circuit-

When current is made to flow through a solution

it...

"ttents. Faraday demonstrated

the phenomenon of induced currents.3

c ^hat

is the use of it?"

asked

the

visitor,

j

Soon

you will be able

to tax

it,"4

was the scientist's answer.

i S T L r

"p"6"^

J. ta»^*10*

attention — привлекать

внимание

4. ^

currents — возбужденный

электрический

ток

облагать налогом

8.

Какие

случаи

употребления

глагола

should

вы

знаете?

9.

Какие

случаи

употребления

глагола

would

вы

знаете?