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Finkenzeller K.RFID handbook.2003

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14 APPENDIX

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JP1

 

 

CardL

 

 

JP10

 

 

L1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

C3

10n

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

D1 BAR42

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

D5

3V0

 

 

 

R6

1M

 

 

 

R9 1K

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

470R

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

R5

1M

 

 

R8

JP9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

R3

1M

 

 

C4

10p

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JP8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

R7

10R

 

 

 

 

JP3.3

JP3.2

JP3.1

 

JP2.3

JP2.2

JP2.1

JP1.3

JP1.2

JP1.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JP4

 

R1

4R7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

D3

BAR42

C1 22p

74HC00

 

 

74HC74

 

660p..

 

 

U3

 

 

 

U2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

R2

D4

CV1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BAR42

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4K7

 

74HC03

 

 

74HC4040

D2

BAR42

 

 

 

 

 

 

U4

 

 

 

U1

 

 

 

 

R4

1M

 

 

JP5

JP7

 

 

 

C2

100p

 

 

 

 

JP6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

C5

10p

 

 

Figure 14.1 Component mounting diagram of the ISO 14443 test card. The transponder’s antenna is in the upper half of the printed circuit board

14.4 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUTS

415

Figure 14.2 Printed circuit board layout of the test card, front and back

416

14 APPENDIX

Figure 14.3 Layout of the field generator coil — front (reproduced by permission of Philips Semiconductors, Hamburg)

Table 14.3 Parts list of the interface circuit

Component

Value

Comment

 

 

 

C1

47 pF

C2

180 pF, 33 pF

Parallel

C3

2–27 pF

Trimming capacitor

R1

5 × 4.7

Parallel

14.4 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUTS

417

Figure 14.4 Layout of the field generator coil — back (reproduced by permission of Philips Semiconductors, Hamburg)

BNC

C3

C2 C1

R1

Figure 14.5 Interface circuit of the field generator coil — component mounting diagram

418

 

 

 

14 APPENDIX

 

C1

R1

R-Ant

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

50 Ω

C2

C3

L-Ant

Figure 14.6 Interface circuit of the field generator coil — circuit

RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification,

Second Edition

Klaus Finkenzeller

Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ISBN: 0-470-84402-7

Index

1-bit transponder 29

 

 

199/5/EG 170, 177, 405

 

2 frequency shift keying

189

2 FSK 189

 

 

 

modulation

57

 

 

2-wire folded dipole

125

 

A/D converter

303

 

 

Absorption rate

26, 169

 

Acceleration measurement

305

Access authorisation

357

 

Access control

25, 360

 

Access protection page 290

Access register

282

 

 

Access rights

283

 

 

Acoustomagnetic security system 37

Activation field

230

 

Activator

29

 

 

 

Active transponder

13, 78

Address logic

278

 

 

Administration code

287

Advanced mode

233

 

Advanced transponder

233

AFC

343

 

 

 

 

AIM

394, 399

 

 

 

Air gap

49

 

 

 

 

Ali Baba

221

 

 

 

ALOHA procedure

205, 206

Amorphous metal 36, 38, 111

Amplitude

183

 

 

Amplitude modulation

98, 186

Anharmonic

40

 

 

Animal identification

25, 230, 404

dipole

57

 

 

 

Antenna

119

 

 

 

Antenna coil

319

 

 

Antenna current

87

 

 

Antenna radius

65

 

 

Anti-collision algorithm

102

Anti-collision procedure

25

Anti-collision system

 

202

 

Anti-theft devices

29

 

 

 

APDU

253

 

 

 

 

 

 

Application

286

 

 

 

 

 

Application code (MAD)

287

Application directory

 

287

 

MAD 287

 

 

 

 

 

 

Application identifier

 

270

 

Application layer

270

 

 

Application software

 

310, 317

Artificial interocular lens

392

ASK modulation

186, 243, 244, 312

Asymmetric key procedure

224

ATQB

248

 

 

 

 

 

 

ATS 253

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Attack

27

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Attempted attack

221

 

 

Authentication

25, 27, 221, 282, 373

Authentication protocol

221

Auto-ID Homepage

399

 

 

Automatic fare collection

343

Automatic I.D. News

 

398

 

Automatic Vehicle Identification 401

Automotive industry

 

389

 

Backscatter

49

 

 

 

 

 

modulated

143

 

 

 

 

Backscatter modulator

274

 

Backscatter system

23, 117, 131, 166

Backscatter transponder

176

Baked enamel

330

 

 

 

 

Bandwidth

167

 

 

 

 

 

Barcode

2, 270

 

 

 

 

 

Baseband signal

183, 312

 

Battery

140

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bending measurement

305

 

Binary search procedure

205

Binary search tree algorithm

213, 245

Biometry

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bit coding

212

 

 

 

 

 

420

INDEX

Block structure

281

 

 

 

Bolus

367

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Broadcast

200

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bulletin board

400

 

 

 

 

Business Solutions

 

398

 

 

 

Busy signal

357

 

 

 

 

 

Calibration coil

261

 

 

 

CALYPSO

353

 

 

 

 

 

Cancellation

141

 

 

 

 

 

Capacitance diode

 

34

 

 

 

Capacitive coupling

23, 51

 

 

Capacitive coupling element

238

Capacitive load modulation

98

 

Capture effect

 

209

 

 

 

 

Car keys

14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cardiac pacemaker

 

400

 

 

Carrier

183, 186

 

 

 

 

 

Carrier circuit

 

183

 

 

 

 

Carrier oscillation

 

186

 

 

 

CDMA

201

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CE mark

170, 177

 

 

 

 

documentation

406

 

 

 

CEPT

 

169, 177

 

 

 

 

 

Channel

183

 

 

 

 

 

 

Channel spacing

170

 

 

 

Characteristic wave impedance

115

Charging capacitor

 

54

 

 

 

Checksum

195

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chip

6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CID

254

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cipher

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

one-time-pad 225

 

 

 

sequential

225

 

 

 

 

Vernam

225

 

 

 

 

 

Ciphering

224

 

 

 

 

 

 

Circuit damping

76

 

 

 

Circular polarisation

116, 129

 

Clamping device identification

265

Close coupling

340

 

 

 

Close coupling system

22, 50

 

Close-coupling smart card

236, 261

CNC technology

381

 

 

 

Coaxial cable

322

 

 

 

 

Code

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EAN

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Code division multiple access

201

Coding in the baseband

183

 

Coil resistance

73

 

 

 

 

Coil-on-chip 20

 

 

 

 

 

Collar transponder

 

364

 

 

 

Collision interval

208

 

 

 

Communication system

183

Compression measurement

305

Conductor loop 86, 112

 

Conductor loop antenna

87

Configuration register

282

Contact smart card

 

293

 

Contacting

337

 

 

 

 

Contactless clock

18

 

 

Contactless interface unit

296

Contactless smart card

18, 22, 332

Container identification

265, 377

Coprocessor

 

25

 

 

 

 

Coupling

 

 

 

 

 

 

capacitive

23, 51

 

 

electric

23, 51

 

 

 

 

inductive

 

22, 61, 113

 

magnetic

 

22

 

 

 

 

Coupling coefficient

70, 92

Coupling element

7

 

 

inductive

 

238

 

 

 

 

capacitive

238

 

 

 

 

Coupling loss

314

 

 

 

CRC

197, 236, 255, 296

 

Cryptographic co-processor

294, 297

Cryptography

294

 

 

 

Cryptological key

 

222

 

 

Cryptological unit

 

278

 

 

Crystal lattice

148

 

 

 

Current matching

55

 

 

Data block

254

 

 

 

 

Data carrier

 

6

 

 

 

 

Data transfer

183

 

 

 

 

Data transmission

 

97

 

 

DBP code

185

 

 

 

 

Deactivation device

268

 

Deactivation rate

268

 

 

Deactivator

29

 

 

 

 

Deciphering

 

224

 

 

 

 

Decryption

224, 298

 

 

Demodulation

183, 186, 273, 276

Demodulator

183

 

 

 

 

DES

297

 

 

 

 

 

 

Detection rate

29, 266

 

 

Dice

330

 

 

 

 

 

 

Die

330

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dielectric gap

111

 

 

 

Differential bi-phase code

184

Differential code

185

 

 

Dimple 32

 

 

 

 

 

 

DIN

405

 

 

 

 

 

 

INDEX

421

Diode

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Schottky

49

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dipole antenna

34, 57, 111, 119, 125

Direction of maximum radiation

127

Directional antenna

127

 

 

 

Directional beam

26

 

 

 

 

Directional coupler

49

 

 

 

 

Directional coupling

313

 

 

 

Director

127

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Disk transponder

13

 

 

 

 

Dopant profile

34

 

 

 

 

 

Doppler effect

303

 

 

 

 

 

Driver

318

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dual interface card

25, 293, 351

Dual port EEPROM

289

 

 

 

Duty factor

186

 

 

 

 

 

 

EAN

270

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EAN code

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EAN/UCC-128

271

 

 

 

 

 

Ear tag

364

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EAS

11, 29, 172

 

 

 

 

 

EAS system

23

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eddy

112

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eddy current

72

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eddy current losses

110

 

 

 

EEPROM

388

 

 

 

 

 

 

lifetime

300

 

 

 

 

 

 

write time

302

 

 

 

 

 

Effective aperture

121

 

 

 

 

Effective height

125

 

 

 

 

Effective length

125

 

 

 

 

EIRP

119

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Electric coupling

23, 51

 

 

 

Electric field

22, 111

 

 

 

 

Electric rotational field

71

 

 

 

Electrical field

51

 

 

 

 

 

Electrode

51

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Electromagnetic field

22

 

 

 

Electromagnetic interference field

26

Electromagnetic procedure

36

 

 

Electromagnetic wave

113, 117, 322

creation of

112

 

 

 

 

 

Electronic Article Surveillance

11, 23, 29,

172, 173

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

electromagnetic procedure

36

frequency divider procedure

 

35

microwave systems

33

 

 

 

RF procedure

29

 

 

 

 

Electronic data carrier

273

 

 

Electronic immobilisation

371

 

 

Electronic immobilisation system

14

Elektrosmog-Verordnung

400

Embedding technique

333

 

EN 300 220

176

 

 

 

 

EN 300 330

167, 173

 

 

EN 300 440

176

 

 

 

 

Encrypted data transmission

224

Encryption

27, 224, 297

 

Encryption function

226

 

End-of-burst detector

56

 

Energy range

82, 315

 

 

Equivalent circuit

 

 

 

 

Schottky diode

134

 

 

ERC recommendation 70–03

169

ERO

170, 177

 

 

 

 

Address

406

 

 

 

 

ERP 120

 

 

 

 

 

 

Etching

19

 

 

 

 

 

 

Etching technique

335

 

 

ETCS

361

 

 

 

 

 

 

ETSI

173

 

 

 

 

 

 

Address

406

 

 

 

 

Eurobalise

171, 361

 

 

 

European Radio Office

170

 

Exchange system

350

 

 

Fahrsmart

349

 

 

 

 

False alarm rate 266

 

 

Far field

112, 167

 

 

 

 

FCC Part 15

179

 

 

 

 

FCC regulation

179

 

 

 

FDMA

201, 204

 

 

 

 

FDX

11, 40

 

 

 

 

 

FDX-B transponder

233

 

Ferrite

15

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ferrite antenna

108

 

 

 

Ferrite pot core

15

 

 

 

Ferrite rod

110

 

 

 

 

Ferromagnetic metal

38

 

Field

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

electric

51

 

 

 

 

 

magnetic

61

 

 

 

 

Field generator coil

 

262, 414

interface circuit

417

 

 

Field line

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

magnetic

84

 

 

 

 

Field strength

142

 

 

 

magnetic

61

 

 

 

 

maximum

65

 

 

 

 

path of

64

 

 

 

 

 

Floating gate

299

 

 

 

 

FRAM

300

 

 

 

 

 

write time

302

 

 

 

 

422

INDEX

Frame 254

 

 

 

Frame antenna

32

 

Free space attenuation

114

Free space path loss

47

Freight containers ID

404

Frequency

183

 

 

anharmonic

40

 

harmonic

33, 40

 

percentual distribution 162

subharmonic

36, 40

transmission

13

 

Frequency band

170

 

Frequency domain multiple access 201, 204

Frequency modulation

186

Frequency range

161

 

2.45 GHz

117, 166

5.8 GHz

166

 

 

 

135 kHz

162

 

 

 

6.78 MHz

163

 

 

13.56 MHz

163

 

 

27.125 MHz

163

 

433.920 MHz

164

868 MHz

166

 

 

915 MHz

117, 166

Frequency selection

167

Frequency shift keying 186

Frontline-Solutions

398

FSDI

253

 

 

 

 

 

FSK

186

 

 

 

 

 

FSK modulation

312

 

Full duplex procedure

11, 40

Function cluster

287

 

Functional testing

261

Generator coil

31

 

 

Generator polynomial

197

Glass transponder

14, 110

Glaucoma

392

 

 

 

Global ID magazine

 

398

Graphite coating

53

 

 

Ground antenna

379

 

Group antenna

129

 

 

GTAG

269

 

 

 

 

H-field

173

 

 

 

 

Half duplex procedure

11, 40

Half-wave dipole

125

Hard magnetic metal

 

37

Hard tag 30, 34

 

 

 

Harmonic

33

 

 

 

 

Harmonic frequency

 

40

HDX

11, 40

 

 

 

 

HF interface 273, 310

High-end system 25

High-end transponder 273

Human medicine 392

Hybrid card 351

Hysteresis curve 36, 107

I block

254

 

 

 

 

 

 

ICARE

350

 

 

 

 

 

ident

398

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Identification codes for animals

230

Identification of animals 229

 

Identification system

 

385

 

 

IDLE mode

 

245

 

 

 

 

Ignition lock

372

 

 

 

 

IIC bus

189

 

 

 

 

 

Immobilisation system

317

 

 

Impedance matching

 

134, 139

 

Induced voltage

72

 

 

 

Inductance

 

67

 

 

 

 

 

mutual

68, 72

 

 

 

 

Inductance law

72

 

 

 

 

Inductive coupling

22, 61, 113, 167

Inductive coupling element

238

 

Inductive radio system

22, 172, 173

Industrial automation

25

 

 

Injectible transponder

364

 

 

Information source

183

 

 

Injection needle

366

 

 

 

Inlet foil

332

 

 

 

 

 

Input capacitor

131

 

 

 

Input impedance

 

 

 

 

 

antenna

 

121

 

 

 

 

 

transponder

131

 

 

 

Input voltage

 

 

 

 

 

 

HF

 

80

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interdigital transducer

57, 149

 

Interface circuit

 

 

 

 

 

component mounting diagram

417

Interference reflection

152

 

 

Internet links

399

 

 

 

 

Interrogation field strength

66, 80, 142, 241

Interrogation pulse

151

 

 

Interrogation zone

84, 131

 

 

ISM frequency ranges

161

 

 

ISO

405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ISO 10374

 

265

 

 

 

 

 

ISO 10536

 

51, 237

 

 

 

ISO 11784

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

identification code

233

 

 

ISO 6346

265

 

 

 

 

 

ISO 69871

 

265

 

 

 

 

 

INDEX

423

ISO 69872

265

 

 

 

 

ISO 69873

16, 265

 

 

 

ISO 9798-2

221

 

 

 

 

ISO container

265

 

 

 

Isotropic emitter

115, 199

 

Item management

268, 405

Key

224

 

 

 

 

 

 

application specific

284

application’s own

 

284

 

hierarchical

283

 

 

 

master

223

 

 

 

 

secret

282

 

 

 

 

 

Key memory

282

 

 

 

KONTIKI

397

 

 

 

 

Label

20

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lamination

339

 

 

 

 

Langasite

307

 

 

 

 

Lead frame

337

 

 

 

 

Licensing regulations

173

 

Line code

184

 

 

 

 

Linear detection

134

 

 

Lines of magnetic flux

62

 

Lithium niobate

57, 148

 

Lithium tantalate

57, 148

 

Load modulation

44, 53, 97, 232, 238, 319

capacitive

98

 

 

 

ohmic

 

98

 

 

 

 

 

real

98

 

 

 

 

 

 

Load modulator

102, 274

 

Load resistance

 

95, 191

 

Load resistor

44, 131

 

 

Long-range system

23, 47

 

Longitudinal redundancy check 196

Longwave

161

 

 

 

 

Loop antenna

174

 

 

 

Low-barrier Schottky diode

49

Low-cost transponder

168

 

Low-end system

23

 

 

LPRA

397

 

 

 

 

 

LRC

196

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lufthansa

354

 

 

 

 

MAD

287

 

 

 

 

 

application code

287

 

function cluster

287

 

Magnetic alternating field

62

Magnetic coupling

22

 

Magnetic field

22, 61, 111

Magnetic field lines

84

 

Magnetic field strength

61

 

Magnetic flux

 

66

 

 

Magnetisation characteristic 107

Magnetostriction

38

 

 

Main radiation direction 119

Manchester code

184, 212

Manipulation

 

222

 

 

Market for smart cards

5

Mass production

385

 

Master key

223

 

 

 

Master-slave principle

 

310

Mat 380

 

 

 

 

 

 

Matching

 

139

 

 

 

 

current

55

 

 

 

 

power

 

55

 

 

 

 

 

voltage

55

 

 

 

 

Matching circuit

322

 

Material flow

 

385

 

 

Measurement

 

 

 

 

 

acceleration

 

304, 305

compression

 

305

 

 

distance

303

 

 

 

flow

304

 

 

 

 

 

gases

304

 

 

 

 

light

304

 

 

 

 

 

moisture

304

 

 

PH value

304

 

 

physical quantities

 

307

speed

 

303

 

 

 

 

temperature

305

 

 

Memory

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

segmented

 

285

 

 

Memory block

236

 

 

Memory capacity

28

 

 

Memory card

 

5

 

 

 

Memory segmentation

 

 

variable

285

 

 

 

Metal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

amorphous

 

36, 38

 

hard magnetic

37

 

 

Metal foil

 

53

 

 

 

 

Metal lid

 

110

 

 

 

 

Metal surface

 

15, 72, 110, 377, 282

radar cross-section

 

118

Metallic surface

109

 

 

Microchip

7, 35, 73, 329

operating voltage

78

power consumption

95

power supply

73

 

 

Microcoil

 

392

 

 

 

Microprocessor

 

292

 

 

operating system

292

smart card

 

6, 296