- •Фгоу впо «Кубанский государственный аграрный университет»
- •Contents
- •Unit 2 Animals Kingdom Unit 3 People and Nature
- •Introduction
- •Unit 1 Plants Kingdom
- •Warm up
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Study
- •1. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words:
- •3. Translate the following word combinations:
- •4. Match a word from list a with its definition in list b.
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •Reading for Speaking and Discussing
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the sentences in which the predicate is:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms. Translate the sentences.
- •5. Finish the sentences using the text.
- •6. Translate.
- •7. Summarize the text “Plants”. Use the following beginnings:
- •8. Work in pairs. Discuss the facts from the text. Use the following expressions:
- •Reading for Understanding
- •2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •3. Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of the text.
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Speaking
- •Unit 2 Animals Kingdom
- •Warm up
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Study
- •1. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words:
- •2. Guess the meaning of the underlined words. Translate the sentences.
- •3. Translate the following word combinations:
- •4. Match a word from list a with its definition in list b.
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •Reading for Speaking and Discussing
- •People and Animals
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the sentences in which the predicate is:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •7. Summarize the text “People and Animals”. Use the following beginnings:
- •Reading for Understanding
- •1. Read the text and choose the headline.
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •9. Find some interesting information about animals on the Internet. Retell it. Reading for Translating Tigers Return to India
- •Speaking
- •Unit 3 People and Nature
- •Warm up
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Study
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •Reading for Speaking and Discussing
- •People and Nature
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the sentences where the predicate is:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •7. Summarize the text “People and Nature”. Use the following beginnings:
- •Reading for Understanding
- •1. Read the text and choose the headline:
- •A Mystery of Nature
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •Speaking
- •Part II
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Study
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •Interrelate, prominence, coined, ecology, applied, interaction, gained, highlighted, environment, goals
- •Reading for Speaking and Discussing
- •Ecology as a Science
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •6. What are the subjects of the following sciences?
- •8. Summarize the text “Ecology as a Science”. Use the following beginnings:
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •Unit 2 Biosphere
- •Warm up
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Study
- •1.Give the Russian equivalents to the following words:
- •5.Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •Reading for Speaking and Discussing
- •Biosphere
- •Evolution
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the sentences with:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •6. Complete the definitions.
- •8. Summarize the text “Biosphere”. Use the following beginnings:
- •9. Work in pairs. Discuss the facts from the text. Use the following expressions:
- •Reading for Understanding
- •1. Read the text and choose the headline.
- •2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •6. What other migrating animals do you know? Where do they migrate and why?
- •Is migration one of the ways of survival? Find the information on the Internet and retell it. Reading for Translating Biosphere Cycles
- •Speaking
- •Unit 3 Ecosystem
- •Warm up
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Study
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •Reading for Speaking and Discussing
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the sentences with:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •6. Complete the definitions.
- •8. Summarize the text “Ecosystem”. Use the following beginnings:
- •Reading for Understanding
- •Ecosystems. Biomes. Habitats
- •2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •7. Find the information about an endangered species on the Internet. Retell it. Use the following questions as a plan:
- •Reading for Translating
- •Speaking
- •Warm up
- •What is a nature (natural) reserve?
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Study
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •Reading for Speaking and Discussing
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the sentences with:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •6. Complete the definitions.
- •8. Summarize the text “Protected Areas”. Use the following beginnings:
- •Reading for Understanding
- •Yellowstone National Park
- •2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •6. Find the information about a world national park or reserve on the Internet. Retell it. Use the following questions as a plan:
- •Reading for Translating
- •Unit 1 Climate Change
- •Vocabulary
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the complex sentences with:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •6. Complete the definitions.
- •7. Complete the sentences below with the appropriate words.
- •9. Summarize the text “Climate Changes”. Use the following beginnings:
- •2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •Vocabulary
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •It should be mentioned, double, waste, fisheries, results in, population, depletion, challenge
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the sentences with:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •7. Summarize the text “Population and the Environment”. Use the following beginnings:
- •2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •6. Find on the Internet the information about the demographic situation in Russia. Retell it.
- •The interview of a correspondent of “Time” with Rwandan President Paul Kagame (extract)
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Study
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the sentences with:
- •7. Summarize the text “Traffic and Air Pollution”. Use the following beginnings:
- •At Home
- •Buy Smart
- •Drive Wise
- •2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •6. Find on the Internet the information about the air pollution in Russia and in your region. Retell it.
- •Vocabulary
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the sentences with:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •7. Summarize the text “Acid Rain”. Use the following beginnings:
- •2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •6. Find on the Internet the information about the problem of acid rain in Russia. Retell it.
- •Is Acid Rain Killing Off Wood Thrushes?
- •Unit 5 Water Pollution
- •Warm up
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Study
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •Reading for Speaking and Discussing
- •Water Pollution
- •1. Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the complex sentences with:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •7. Summarize the text “Water Pollution”. Use the following beginnings:
- •Reading for Understanding
- •2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •4. Is it true or false? Correct the wrong statements.
- •6. Find on the Internet the information about Gulf of Mexico oil spill, 2010. Retell it. Reading for Translating
- •Speaking
- •Unit 6 Soil Pollution
- •Warm up
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Study
- •5. Place the appropriate word from the list in each of the blanks below:
- •Reading for Speaking and Discussing
- •Soil Pollution
- •1.Grammar Revision. Find in the text and translate the complex sentences with:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Ask your partner some more questions on the text.
- •4. Substitute the words in bold type for their synonyms:
- •7. Summarize the text “Soil Pollution”. Use the following beginnings:
- •Reading for Understanding
- •Creek –ручей inhospitable –негостеприимный
- •Evaporate –испаряться trash -отбросы, мусор
- •2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •6. Find on the Internet the information about soil contamination in Russia. Retell it. Reading for Translating
- •Speaking
- •Great Need to Avoid Soil Pollution
- •2 Этап обучения
- •350044, Г. Краснодар, ул. Калинина, 13
7. Summarize the text “Acid Rain”. Use the following beginnings:
The text reports on…
The text touches upon…
A careful account is given to…
It is reported that…
Much attention is given to…
The text points out that…
The text deals with the problem of…
The text provides information on…
The text defines the phenomenon of…
The text covers such points as…
The effects of… on … are considered.
8. Work in pairs. Speak and express your opinion on the facts below. Use the following expressions:
I agree (don’t agree) that…
I think that …
I am sure …
At present scientists and ecologists more often use the term “acid deposition” instead of “acid rain”.
Air pollution in one country can become acid rain in another country.
Acid rain has a number of adverse effects.
Scientists and engineers try to reduce acidity, but the measures are not sufficient.
Reading for Understanding
1. Read the text and choose the headline:
Acid Rain Effects on Plants
Acid Rain Effects
Acid Rain Effects on Human Health
Solutions to Reduce Acidity
Acid rain has a negative effect on plants and animals. Once the acid gets into the water cycle it can cause the acidification of lakes and streams. The National Surface Water Survey (NSWS) identified over a thousand lakes and thousands of streams in the United States, where some form of acidification has taken place. Of these lakes and streams, 75 percent of the acidity in the lakes was directly due to acid rain. 50 percent of the streams had been affected by acid rain. Many areas of the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada contain lakes and streams affected by acidification from acid rain.
Changes in the pH of lakes and streams affected by acid rain can result in a decrease in the variety of fish, plants and animals living in or near the water. Some animals and plants cannot tolerate the higher levels of acid. Snails, clams and bass are examples of animals that can only tolerate a small increase in acidity.
Acid rain destroys trees and plants by causing damage to leaves and dissolving nutrients in the surrounding soil. Trees in higher elevations, have a greater risk for damage due to acid rain because they have greater exposure to clouds carrying sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide.
Acid rain can also have a devastating effect on man-made structures, such as those made of stone and metal. Bronze statutes and marble monuments are deteriorated by acid rain. Costly repairs and maintenance are required to clean acidic compounds resulting from dry deposition collecting on buildings.
One important misconception to clear up about acid rain is its direct harm to humans. Acid rain falls from the sky just like regular rain, without odor or taste. Acid rain is not directly harmful to humans. Yet, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are harmful pollutants before they combine with water and oxygen to form acid rain. These gases cause harmful particles that can be inhaled by humans, causing lung and heart disorders.
Notes:
tolerate терпеть, выносить elevationвысота
clam морской моллюск devastating опустошительный,
разрушительный
bass окунь inhaleвдыхать
dissolve растворять