Speaking

Read the dialogue and learn it by heart. Act it out.

Bessy:It’s an interesting world we live in, isn’t it?

Linda:Yes, indeed. We fly to other planets and discover old manuscripts.

Bessy:We build, build, and build…

Linda:…And pollute our beautiful planet.

Bessy:Yes. When I went with my parents to the seaside last summer, I was surprised to see

that the water was not blue but brown with rubbish floating in it.

Linda:Besides, millions of tons of oil are released into the sea every year.

Bessy:We can only imagine how many seabirds and animals die because of it.

Linda:And those ozone holes…

Bessy:I think people will be able to solve this problem.

Linda:Let’s stop using our aerosol spray right now.

Bessy:That’s a great idea!

Part II

ECOLOGY

Unit 1

Ecology as a Science

“The first law of ecology is

that everything is related to everything else.”

~ Barry Commoner

“If we do not permit the Earth to produce beauty and joy,

it will in the end not produce food either.”

~ Joseph Woodkrutch

Warm up

The bright blue of the sky, fresh, crystal-clear mountain lake water, the rich green of the mountains slopes, wild flower, picturesque views – all these sceneries of nature fill us with admiration. That’s why those who live in cities prefer spending their days off and their holidays far from the noise of the city, to be closer to nature. Perhaps they like to breathe fresh air or to swim in clear water because the ecology is not so poor as in the cities.

Ecology is a science, which studies the relationship between all forms of life on our planet with its environment. This word came from the Greek "oikos" which means "home". This idea of "home" includes the whole planet of ours: its population, the Nature, animals, birds, fish, insects, all other living beings and even the atmosphere around our planet.

- Do you think that Ecology as a science is very important nowadays? Why?

Vocabulary

1. define определять

2. gain получать, приобретать

3. flyer небольшая реклама

4. button пуговица

5. trend направление, тенденция

6. goal цель

7. achieve достигать

8. prominence известность

9. distinct отчётливый, определённый

10. distribution распределение

11. interaction взаимодействие

12. link соединять, связывать

13. interrelate соотноситься

14. aside (from) помимо

15. inquiry вопрос, исследование

16. applied science прикладная наука

17. maritime морской

18. extend расширять

19. propose предлагать

20. nitrogen азот

21. strict строгий, точный

22. coin придумывать

23. launch запускать

24. mutual взаимный

25. involve вовлекать

26. recognize узнавать, признавать

27. impact удар, воздействие

28. highlight выдвигать на первый план

29. take into account брать во внимание

Word Study

1. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words:

symbol, publish, combination, icon, popularity, poster, banner, associate, discipline, abiotic, biotic, biochemical, cycling, maximum, molecular, paleoecology, theoretical, expedition, association, analyze, observe, limit, atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, familiarity, conservation, commerce, scale

2. Guess the meaning of the underlined words. Translate the sentences.

1) Biomes are the classification of globally similar areas, including ecosystems, such as ecological communities of plants and animals, soil organisms and climatic conditions. 2) Biomes are based on various factors such as plant structures, leaf types, plant spacing and climate. 3) The word “ecology” is also used in the medical field and has a somewhat different meaning. 4) Ecology is a study of the interactions between bio-life and its physical environment. 5) A major component of ecological study usually focuses on the ecosystem of an area. 6) Thedisciplineof ecology emerged from thenatural sciences in the late 19th century.7) Ecology is closely related to the disciplines of physiology, evolution, genetics and behavior.

3. Translate the following word combinations:

the study of ecology; varied ecosystems; the field of ecology; to gain popularity; the founding of Earth Day; widely popular; the problems associated with ecology ;to venture into living green; at the right place; interdisciplinary scientific study; distribution and abundance of organisms; from population processes to biochemical cycling; a multidisciplinary science; aside from pure scientific inquiry; to range from large to small scale; to extend maritime commerce; early in the 20th century; due to the discoveries of new chemistry; within the strict limits of earth’s layer

4. Match the word from list A with its definition in list B.

A	B
define gain trend interaction inquiry nitrogen impact be involved in	a) state precisely the meaning of b) investigation, question c) collision; strong impression or effect d) general direction, tendency e) gas without colour, taste or smell, forming about four-fifth of the atmosphere f) obtain (smth wanted or needed) g) action on each other h) be concerned with