Exercises

Exercise 1.

Join the following pairs of simple sentences to make them clauses of a compound sentence. Translate them into Russian.

1.

In the morning Henry cooked the breakfast. Bill was stil sleeping.

2.

It is getting dark and windy. We had better returned home.

3.

Take a lantern. We shall not be able to find our way.

4.

Be careful. You may slip and injure yourself.

5.

I looked in all directions. No house was to be seen.

6.

It was very cold. We didn’t go out.

7.

Take your raincoat with you. It may rain.

8.

Your arguments atr strong. They do not convince me.

9.

He is a good scientist. He is also a good sportsman.

Exercise 2.

Underline the attributive clauses, see the way they are introduced and translate them into Russian.

Model:

The book which I am reading is very interesting.

Everyone that I met at the party congratulated me.

The fellow whom you recommended to us was very reliable.

The student who is walking with Fred is in my class.

1.

Is this the letter that you wanted me to send?

2.

The house which you liked has already been sold.

3.

I have lost the book which I borrowed from Tom.

4.

He didn’t remember the man whose name you mentioned.

5.

The police caught the thief who had stolen the money.

6.

Is the river that flows through that town very large?

7.

The program that we listen to wasn’t very good.

8.

I said the first thing which came to my mind.

9.

The man whose wife you met teaches at that university.

10.

That’s the girl whom Fred and Tom were talking about.

11.

I tried to read every book that the teacher recommended.

12.

Have you seen the house which is being built next door?

13.

The car which John bought is at least ten years old.

14.

Fred lives in the house that you saw on the corner.

15.

The story that he told me can’t possibly be true.

Exercise 3.

In the following sentences underline the subordinate clauses. Notice carefully how these clauses are used to show reason, purpose, result, concession, comparison, place, time and condition. Translate the sentences into Russian.

REASON OR PURPOSE

1.

Carl left for home early because he had to study.

2.

Since Mr. Fox was sick, he had to cancel the appointment.

3.

I sent the letter airmail so (that) he would get it right away.

RESULT

4.

I couldn’t hear the speaker, so I moved to the first row.

5.

The man spoke so rapidly (that) I couldn’t understand him.

6.

I had such a wonderful time (that) I didn’t want to go home.

CONCESSION

7.

Ralph bought that used car although we advised him against it.

8.

Although he’s 65 years old, Mr. Cole is still an active man.

COMPARISON

9.

The weather is better today than it was yesterday.

10.

There are as many students in this class as there are in that one.

PLACE

11.

Would you please put the book where it belongs.

12.

Our dog Saki usually goes wherever he wishes to go.

13.

Wherever we went, we seemed to see very interesting things.

TIME

14.

The Browns saw the Eiffel Tower when they were in Paris.

15.

When I visited Rome, I saw the famous Coliseum.

16.

George and I will wait right here until you get back.

17.

Before the secretary leaves, she will put the letters on your desk.

CONDITION

18.

I will give Mr. Anderson your message if I see him tomorrow.

19.

If I had had enough time, I would have gone to the meeting with you.

Exercise 4.

Choose because, since, or so (that) as the connecting word for the subordinate clause in each sentence. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Model:

Bill needs some money so (that) he can buy a new suit.

Bill needs some money because he wants to buy a new suit.

I moved to the front row so (that) I could hear the speaker.

I moved to the front raw because I couldn’t hear the speaker.

Since I couldn’t hear the speaker, I moved to the front row.

1.

I borrowed ten dollars from Ed ____ I could pay for my books.

2.

I borrowed the money from him ____ I had to pay for my books.

3.

Dorothy gave Don a list ____ he wouldn’t forget anything.

4.

____ Don often forgets things; his wife usually gives him a list.

5.

You should call Mr. Slare ____ he wants to talk to you.

6.

You should call Mr. Slater ____ you can get the information.

7.

____ you have changed your plans, you should call Mr. Slater.

8.

We should leave for home early ____ we won’t be tired tomorrow.

9.

We should leave for home early ____ mother will be waiting for us.

10.

____ we must go to work tomorrow, we should leave for home early.

Exercise 5.

Choose so or such for the blank space in each sentence. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Model:

Mr. Anderson wasn’t at home, so I called him at his office.

Mr. Anderson was so busy that he couldn’t meet me.

He is such a busy man that he really needs a secretary.

Dr. Davis has so much work to do that he can’t come home tonight.

Dr. Davis has so many patients that he’s always busy.

1.

We saw a nice house for sale, ____ we stopped to look at it.

2.

The house was ____ beautiful that I took a picture of it.

3.

It was ____ a beautiful house that we decided to buy it.

4.

This coffee is ____ strong that I really can’t drink it.

5.

That was ____ strong coffee that I really didn’t care for it.

6.

The coffee was too strong for me, ____ I didn’t drink it.

7.

The lesson was ____ hard that I asked Charles for some help.

8.

We have ____ hard homework that I always need help.

9.

I didn’t understand the explanation, ____ I had to ask for help.

10.

There was ____ much food that everyone ate too much.

11.

Ther were ____ many guests that there wasn’t enough food.

Exercise 6.

Change the italicized phrase in each sentence to a subordinate clause of concession introduced by the word although. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Model:

Despite the slippery roads, he drove his car today.

Although the roads were slippery, he drove his car today.

I bought that used car in spite of John’s advice.

I bought that used car although John had advised against it.

1.

Mr. Watkins is surprisingly active despite his age.

2.

In spite of the rain, we went for a walk in the park.

3.

Despite his lack of education, that man has a good position.

4.

That student speaks fluently in spite of his limited vocabulary.

5.

Despite the narrow streets in that city, many people drive cars.

6.

In spite of your objections, I’m going to mention my plan.

7.

Mr. Anderson went to work yesterday despite his bad cold.

8.

In spite of his laziness, that fellow always does good work.

9.

Despite the high cost of living here, there are many advantages.

10.

In spite of all the noise outside, I went to sleep immediately.

11.

Virginia told all of her friends the secret despite her promise.

Exercise 7.

Complete each sentence with an appropriate clause of comparison introduced by as or than. Remember that a clause always includes a subject and a verb. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Model:

The weather is much better today than it was yesterday.

My friend Peter works just as hard as the other students do.

1.

Mr. Shaw’s speech was more interesting ____.

2.

You speak English just as well ____.

3.

Do you always drive as carefully ____.

4.

There are more students in this class ____.

5.

You look much happier today ____.

6.

That brown cotton dress is less expensive ____.

7.

Are you studying harder this semester ____.

8.

Fred doesn’t seem to be as nervous ____.

9.

I hear less difference between those two words ____.

10.

Mr. Wilson has much more money ____.

11.

Does Mr. Moore have as many students this year ____.

12.

I usually enjoy television programs more ____

13.

My secretary usually gets to the office earlier ____.

Exercise 8.

Complete each of these sentences with a subordinate clause of place. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Model:

Would you please put those books back where they belong.

Everywhere we went, we saw very interesting places.

1.

Please don’t sit where ____.

2.

Just put your coat and hat wherever ____.

3.

Wherever ____, you will also find much poverty.

4.

We saw examples of neglect everywhere ____.

5.

Every place ____, we stopped and asked for information.

6.

You can park your car wherever ____.

7.

Unfortunately, there’s another car right where ____.

8.

Everywhere ____, someone or other objected.

9.

The police station is located where ____.

10.

There are usually police stations wherever ____.

11.

Every place ____, the people stared at as strangely.

12.

This road is very dangerous where ____.

13.

Roads are very dangerous wherever ____.

Exercise 9.

Underline the subordinate clauses of time, see the way they are introduced and translate them into Russian.

Model:

Our friends will wait for us here until we get back.

1.

Mrs. Howell cut her finger while she was slicing the bread.

2.

After I had asked her twice, the girl finally told me her name.

3.

The maid is going to clean up the house before the guests arrive.

4.

When I left for work this morning, it was raining very hard.

5.

Please don’t say anything to them until we’re sure about that.

6.

Since I last spoke to you, I have a lot of trouble with my car.

7.

As we were getting out of the car, the car started moving forward.

8.

While you are getting ready, I’m going to make a telephone call.

9.

I’m going to ask the teacher a question after the class is over.

10.

Before he graduated in June, Bill had already been offered a job.

11.

I’ll be waiting right here when you come out of the building.

12.

Until I had actually seen it myself, I could hardly believe it.

13.

We haven’t received one letter from him since he left a month ago.