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Words and Expressions

abandon v - покидать, отказываться, прекращать

absorb v - поглощать, всасывать

acquisition n - приобретение, поступление

charter v - давать привилегию

coal mine - угольная шахта

conglomerate combination - конгломератное объединение

corporate merger - корпорационное слияние

corporate performance - совместное функционирование

corporation nкорпорация, объединение, акционерное общество

efficiency n - продуктивность, производительность

horizontal combination - горизонтальное объединение

identity n - индивидуальность; своеобразие; особенность

iron mine - шахта по добыче железной руды

lay off v - увольнять

merger n - слияние, объединение

ore deposit - залежи руды

production of frozen foods - производство полуфабрикатов

refinery n - нефтеочистительный завод

related goods - взаимосвязанные товары

reshuffle v - перегруппировывать, менять местами

sales force - продавцы, торговые агенты

steel mills - сталелитейные заводы

vertical combination - вертикальное объединение

11 Answer the questions.

l. What is the most common way of joining businesses?

2. What are the main three types-of mergers?

3. When was the Standard Oil Trust formed?

4. Can you name the most productive vertical combina­tion?

5. Why is ITT considered the classic example of a con­glomerate?

6. What are the advantages of combinations?

7. What are the disadvantages of combinations?

12* Say ^ the statements are true or false. Prove your point.

l. A merger between two or more companies that produce the same good or service or dominate one phase of the production of a good is a horizontal combination.

2. The United States Steel Corporation was the first bil­lion-dollar horizontal combination.

3. A merger between two or more companies-that are involved in different phases of the .production of the same good or service is a vertical combination.

4. The Standard Oil Company provides a classic example of a vertical combination.

5. A merger between two or more companies producing or marketing different products is a conglomerate combi­nation.

6. Buying additional an existing business is much more expensive than building new plants, hiring new employees and acquiring additional capital in order to expand.

7. In most mergers, the acquiring corporation obtains additional capital recourses, experience management and employees.

13* Complete the following sentences by choosing the one correct variant (a, b or c) that best completes the sen­tence.

1. Horizontal and vertical combinations have been common since__________

a. the mid-1960s

b.the mid -1970s

с themid-1800s

2. Multibillion-dollar corporate mergers occurred _____________________

a. in the mid-1970s

b. in the mid-1980s с in the mid-1960s

3. The classic example of a conglomerate is___________________

a. the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation

b. the Standard Oil Company

с the United States Steel Corporation

4. One of me major business advantages of corporate mergers is__________________.

a. worker satisfaction

b. efficiency

с production facilities

5. One of the major disadvantages of corporate mergers for consumers is_____________.

a. decreased efficiency and profits

b. increased competition in the marketplace

с decreased competition in the marketplace

6. The increased size of merged corporations often makes it possible___________.

a. to borrow more capital

b. to hire new employees

c. to build new plants

7. The lack of competition in the market place may result in___________.

a. additional capital resources

b. higher prices for consumers

c. increased production efficiency

Unit 4. DISCUSSION

14 Study the expressions in the Useful Language box, which are used to express different language functions. The list of expressions in each function can be continued. Think of expressions, which can be added to each function.

Useful Language

Starting conversation

I'll start by saying that... In the first place I would like to say...

Generalising

It is a well-known fact... It is common knowledge that... Admittedly...

Discussing main ideas

What really matters is... I think it would be best to... There are many advantages and disadvantages here...

Connecting ideas

While on the subject of... Besides that... Furthermore... By the way... Moreover...

Expressing contrast

On the other hand...

Although...

But...

However...

Despite...

In spite of...

Drawing conclusions

In conclusion...

In view of all this...

Summing it up...

In a word...

In short...

On the whole...

15* Match the function in the left column with the appropri­ate expression in the right one and complete the Useful Language box with these expressions accordingly.

1. connecting ideas a. major consideration should be

2. drawing conclusions given to...

3. starting conversation b. to begin with I'd like to say...

4. discussing main ideas с to sum up...

5. generalising d. nevertheless...

6. expressing contrast e. at the same time...

f. it is generally known...

15 Read what famous people said about doing business. Discuss the position of the authors. Support your point of view with reasons and examples from your reading, your observations or your own experience. Use the expressions from the Useful Language box to develop your idea and express your opinion.

1. The business of the country is business.

Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933), thirtieth President of the USA

2. The secret of business is to know something that nobody else knows.

Aristotle Onassis (1906-1975), Turkish born shipping magnate

3. To survive, men and business and corporations must serve.

John H. Patterson, American businessman

4. The purpose of business is to create and keep a customer.

Theodore Leavitt

5. It is not the employer who pays wages - he only handles the money. It is the product who pays the wages.

Henry Ford (1863-1947), American industrialist, founder of Ford Motor Company

17 Read what famous people said about partnerships and corporations. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated below. Support your point of view with reasons and examples from your read­ing, your observations or your own experience. Use the expressions from the Useful Language box to develop your idea and express your opinion.

1. It's better to take over and build upon an existing busi­ness than to start a new one.

Harold S. Geneen, American accountant, industrialist

2. You look at any giant corporation, they all started with a guy with an idea, doing it well.

Irvine Robbins, American businessman

3. Treat employees like partners, and they act like part­ners.

Fred A. Allen (1894-1957)

4. If you can run one business well, you can run any busi­ness well.

Richard Branson, American businessman

5.You can't run a business without taking risks.

Millard Drexler, American business Executive

Chapter THREE

RESEARCHING THE MARKET

Unit 1. READING AND TRANSLATION PRACTICE