17.4. Exercises
1. Ответьте на вопросы.
How are wings designed in modern jet transport aircraft?
What is the range of speed the transport aircraft fly at ?
Where are flaps located and what are they for?
When are the flaps partially and fully extended?
Why does the aircraft approach at a steep angle without excessive air speed ?
What does the better perform the wing depend on at slow air speeds?
What helps to increase camber and wing area?
What are the slots and their function?
Where are the slats located?
What do they create in combination with flaps?
What is the difference between the dirty and clean wing?
Can the wing be efficient at all speeds?
Переведите следующие предложения с опорой на текст.
Крылья на современных транспортных реактивных самолетах спроектированы таким образом, чтобы эффективно работать в широком диапазоне воздушных скоростей.
Transport aircraft must be able to fly at speeds of from 100 miles per hour to close to the speed of sound.
Закрылки крепятся к задней кромке крыла и увеличивают как аэродинамическую подъемную силу, так и лобовое сопротивление.
4. Because of the increased drag, flaps are only partially extended on takeoff, and fully extended on landing.
5. Чем больше кривизна профиля крыла, тем лучше крыло работает на малой скорости.
6. Flaps extend downward and rearward, thereby increasing both camber and wing area.
7. Закрылки выпускаются сегментами, оставляя зазоры, известные как щели крыла.
8. The wing is said to be "dirty" when the flaps and slats are extended, referring to the high amount of drag the wing experiences.
9. Крыло называется аэродинамически чистым при взлете, когда увеличивается воздушная скорость, и отсутствует необходимость в закрылках и предкрылках.
10. After the completion of the flap and slat retraction, the aircraft can accelerate to cruise speed.
11. Во время захода самолета на посадку закрылки и предкрылки снова выпускаются.
12. Now that the wing is again in its low speed configuration, the aircraft can be slowed to its final approach speed.
13. Если бы не закрылки и предкрылки, скорость самолета при влете и посадке была бы значительно выше, а ВПП длиннее, а это запрещается.
Переведите текст без словаря.
17.5. Тext
The Su-80GP multi-purpose mixed cargo aircraft
The Su-80GP multi-purpose mixed cargo aircraft is designed to carry, in a pressured cabin, 30 passengers or cargo weighing up to 3,300kg on commuter and regional air routes in any geographical setting, in daytime and at night, under favourable and adverse weather conditions.
The aeroplane is certified under AP-25 airworthiness standards for transport aircraft.
The design/configuration concept is that of a twin-boom high-wing monoplane of normal aerodynamic configuration with a highly-mechanised unswept high-aspect-ratio wing. The tail unit is formed by two vertical fins each placed on one of two tail
booms and joined at the top with a horizontal stabiliser. The plane's fuselage is a separate module with attachment lugs for nose landing gear, wing and support pylons. The booms house engines, equipment bays and aeroplane systems. The fuselage
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ис.
6. The Su-80 GP multi-purpose mixed cargo aircraft
houses a radar bay, cockpit, avionics bay and mixed cargo cabin. The plane has retractable tricycle landing gear with a nose strut. The cargo ramp in the rear fuselage is used to board passengers and load/unload cargo.
Aeroplane is fitted with two ST7-9B turboprop engines developed by General Electric (USA), which are installed in the bays at the front of the booms.
The cockpit is engineered for a two-member crew. The standard-configuration mixed-cargo cabin is designed to accommodate 30 passenger seats in a 2+2 arrangement and a seat for a flight attendant. The total passenger/cargo cabin space available is 27m3. Luggage space is provided for at the tail-end of fuselage. The passenger/cargo cabin design enables its reconfiguration for transport of cargo in pallets or in bulk.
The plane's takeoff and landing performance and landing gear with low-pressure tyres make it possible to use it on small airfields, including unpaved, ice and snow-covered runways.
The aircraft can be used in a wide temperature range: –50˚C to +45˚C.
G limit (operational): +2.7…-1.
The design provides for multi-role configuration:
mixed cargo aircraft Su-80GP,
transport aircraft Su-80GP-100.
The Su-80 GP's hallmark is its convertibility, i.e., an option of quick reconfiguration from a passenger plane into a cargo carrier and back. Preliminary estimates indicate that this will enable the aircraft to accrue more flying time on commuter airlines than any dedicated passenger or cargo aircraft.
The Su-80 was developed based on the requirements for a modern aircraft to be used on commuter and regional air routes, such requirements having been identified as a result of analysing the aircraft inventory in Russia and abroad, the nature and conditions of aircraft deployment and data on typical routes.