insulin when blood glucose levels decrease during physical activity or in the intervals between meals. Glucagon facilitates the process of hepatic and muscular glucose mobiliza­tion to sustain the levels of glucose in the bloodstream during periods of fasting (Klein et al., 1996). Combination therapies are frequently employed to reduce adverse effects and enhance effectiveness. Examples include the use of sulfonylureas in conjunction with bigu­anides, as well as thiazolidinedione in combination with glucosidase inhibitors. Synthetic drugs are associated with several adverse effects, including hypoglycemia at elevated dosages, diarrhea, lactic acidosis, and hepatic complications (Gupta et al., 2017). The utili­zation of antidiabetic compounds derived from natural sources presents a promising option for the management of diabetes, owing to their favorable attributes such as safety , ef ficacy, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, the herbal mechanism of action has the potential to rectify metabolic irregularities and postpone the onset of diabetic complica­tions. Metformin, which is the primary treatment option for type 2 DM, was extracted from the French lilac plant known as Galega officinalis. This serves as supporting evidence for the aforementioned concept (Abdel Raoof and Mohamed, 2018).