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ȼɫɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ
ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ [ƾ], [k], ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ [g]
ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɟɪɺɞ
k
k
k
[İ:]
[Rİn]
[nİst]
[nİRf]
[Rİst]
[fİlt]
[fİst]
[pİst]
[ƍnİlkԥ]
[ƍfİstǟ]
[ƍfİnstǟ]
ɉɪɢ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ [İ] ɧɚɩɪɹɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɩɨ-
ɷɬɨɦɭ [İ] ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ.
3): ɭ
(ɫɦ. ɍɪɨɤ
: ɫ ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ ɧɺɛɚ ɧɚ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɹɝɤɢɦ ɢ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɦ ɧɺɛɨɦ. ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɥɢ-
< ɥɚɬ.
palatum
ɡɚɰɢɟɣ (P
– ɬɜɺɪɞɨɟ ɧɺɛɨ).
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɚɬɚ-
ɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ [ƾ] ɢ [k]:
]
[’İƾ
ԥ]
[ƍ’İƾ
ԥ]
[ƍlİƾ
t]
[lİ
İltԥ]
[ƍ
[ƍkİnԥn]
st]
[tİ
ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɜɭɤɢ [ƾ], [k], [g] ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɠɢɪɧɵɦ ɲɪɢɮɬɨɦ.
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ
:
x ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ [İ], ɧɨ ɡɜɭɤ [İ:] ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨ-
ɫɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɝɨ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɨ
ɤɨɧɰɚ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɹ.
x Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɣ [İ:] ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬ-
ɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɣ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɪɮɟɦɵ,
ɤɚɤ ɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [’Į:].
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɡɜ
ɭɤ [’İ:] ɫ
ɬɜɺɪɞɵɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɨɦ
ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɣɬɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɬɨɧɚ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ:
21
[mİ:]
[ç], []
[ç]
[nİ:]
[lİ:]
[Rİ:]
[’İ:n]
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ȼɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ
ɝɨɥɨɫ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɧ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɧɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ
ɧɚ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ.
[ƍmİ:nԥ]
[ƍnİ:ԥn]
[ƍlİ:mԥn]
[ƍ’İ:nԥln]
[ƍnİ:tԥ]
[ƍplİ:nԥ]
[ƍkRİ:ԥ]
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɨɜɚ
ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɢ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɟ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɥɨɝ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ (ɛɟɡɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ) ɫɥɨɝ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɧɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɹ ɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɨɯɚ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ
(ɭɞɚɪɧɵɣ) ɫɥɨɝ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɨɦ ɜɵɞɨɯɟ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɸ ɫ ɡɚɬɚɤɬɨɦ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «ȼ ɥɟɫɭ ɪɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɺɥɨɱɤɚ»). ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɣɬɟ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ 2–5, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɨɝɟ.
[’İǟƍfİ:ǟt]
[’İntƍnĮ:m]
[fİǟƍnĮ:m]
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ
x Ɍɟ ɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɭ [f], [s], [x].
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ
x Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɭɛɚɦɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɢ-
ɡɢɧɟɰ.
x Ƚɭɛɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɡɭɛɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪ.
x Ʉɨɧɱɢɤ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɢɠɚɬ ɤ ɧɢɠɧɢɦ ɡɭɛɚɦ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɱɚɫ-
ɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɵ ɤ ɬɜɺɪɞɨɦɭ ɧɺɛɭ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ
ɢ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɦ ɧɺɛɨɦ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɡɤɚɹ ɪɨɜɧɚɹ
22
:
:
ɳɟɥɶ. Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɤɪɚɺɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɫ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɢ ɡɭɛɚɦɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚ-
[]
ɧɹɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɳɟɥɢ.
Ɂɜɭɤ ɩɨɯɨɠ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ «
» ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɢ
ɯɢɦɢɹ
.
ɯ
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɟ [ç] ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ
ɲɭɦ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɨɯɚ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɣɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɡɭɛɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ [’İç] ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɦ [’İ]. ɇɟ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɯɨɣ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [ç]. ɋɩɨɣɬɟ [’İç], ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɸ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ȼɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ
ɝɨɥɨɫ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɧ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɧɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ
ɧɚ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ.
[’İçt]
[pİç]
[ƍlİçԥln]
[ƍnİçtԥ]
[ƍRİçtԥ]
[ƍfİçtԥn]
[ƍflİçԥ]
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ [s], ɧɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ.
x ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɤɨɧɱɢɤ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɭ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɢ
ɡɭɛɚɦɢ ɢ ɚɥɶɜɟɨɥɚɦɢ, ɨɧ ɫɦɟɳɺɧ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɩɨɱɬɢ ɡɚ ɚɥɶɜɟɨɥɵ – ɤɚɤ
ɛɭɞɬɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɚ ɡɦɟɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɨɦ ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɟ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚɡɚɞ.
x ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɡɭɛɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪ ɭ ɡɜɭɤɚ [
] ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ,
ɱɟɦ ɭ [s]: ɝɭɛɵ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɵ ɜɩɟɪɺɞ ɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɜɵɜɟɪɧɭɬɵ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɢ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɟ [] ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ
ɲɭɦ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɞ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ
ɡɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɲɭɦ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɤɨɧɱɢɤ ɹɡɵɤɚ
ɨɯɚ. ɉɪɢɞɚɣɬɟ ɝɭɛɚɦ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɢ.
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɳɟɥɶ ɫ ɚɥɶɜɟɨɥɚɦɢ.
23
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ [’İ] ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɦ [’İ]. ɇɟ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɯɨɣ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [
]. ɋɩɨɣɬɟ [’
İ], ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɦɟ-
ɥɨɞɢɸ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ȼɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ
ɝɨɥɨɫ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɧ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɧɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ
ɧɚ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ.
[
[axt]
[tant]
[aRf]
[ƍaltԥn]
[ƍatԥn]
[
m]
Į:
[
lԥ]
ƍĮ:
[
ǟ]
Į:
[
ǟ]
ƍİRf
kԥn]
ƍİƾ
[ƍtİlԥn]
[ƍpRİçǟ]
[pİçt]
[ƍtİçԥn]
ԥn]
[ƍİ:m
[pİ:t]
[fal]
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɟɦ
ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɨɝɟ:
[’İntƍtant]
[fİǟƍpRĮ:x]
[’İsƍtant]
ɍɊɈɄ 3
Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɟ [e:], [i], [Ț:]
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ [b], [d], [g], [v], [z], [
], [j], [h]
[e:]
R
k
k
ࣝ
ɗɬɨɬ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ [İ:] ƍɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ƍɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɭɛɚɦɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɤɚ-
ɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɥɟɰ.
x Ɋɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɭɛɵ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɵ ɜɩɟɪɺɞ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɩɪɟɞɡɭɛɧɵɣ ɪɟ-
ɡɨɧɚɬɨɪ (ɝɭɛɵ ɩɨɞɚɧɵ ɜɩɟɪɺɞ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ [İ:]).
x Ʉɨɧɱɢɤ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɚɜɢɬ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɵ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɭɦɟ-
ɪɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɚ.
x Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɣ [e:] ɞɨɥɝɢɣ. ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɚ-
ɱɚɥɚ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɹ. Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɣ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥ
ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɪɮɟɦɵ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [’e:] ɫ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɦ ɩɪ
ɢɫɬɭɩɨɦ
ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɣɬɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɥɨɝ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ɑɺɬɤɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɣɬɟ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ [e:]. ȼɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɧ
ɧɚ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɧɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ [k] ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ [e:]. ɋɩɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɥɨɝ.
[me:]
[ne:]
[le:]
[Re:]
[pe:]
[te:]
[fe:]
[e:]
e:]
[k
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɨɝɢ.
[me:l]
[me:ǟ]
[le:ǟ]
[’e:ǟ]
[le:pt]
[fe:lt]
ǟ]
[ƍle:
[ƍne:mԥn]
[ƍte:mԥn]
e:lԥ]
[ƍ
e:Rԥn]
[ƍ
[
ƍe:ma·]
[ƍe:Rԥn]
[ƍ’e:lԥnt]
ɟ
25
[i]
ƾ
ƾ
ƾ
[Ț:]
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɚɩɪɹ-
ɠɟɧɚ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɚ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ [e:].
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɭɛɚɦɢ ɧɟ-
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɥɶɰɚ.
x Ɋɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɭɛɵ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɵ ɜɩɟɪɺɞ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɩɪɟɞɡɭɛɧɵɣ ɪɟ-
ɡɨɧɚɬɨɪ.
x Ʉɨɧɱɢɤ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɚɜɢɬ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɵ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɚ.
x Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɣ [i] ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨ
ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ. Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɬɜɺɪɞɵɣ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɪɮɟɦɵ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [’i] ɫ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɨɦ
ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ɇɚɩɪɹɝɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɥɨɝ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɥɨɝ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ [ƾ] ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ [i].
[’im]
[’in]
[’il]
]
[’i
[’iR]
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɨɝɢ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ [ƾ] ɢ [k]. ɇɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɝɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɞɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ [i]. Ɋɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɹɣɬɟ ɡɚɞɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɶ [R] ɩɟɪɟɞ [i].
[mit]
[nim]
ks]
[li
[Ri
[liçt]
[niçt]
[miç]
[’iç]
[Rif]
]
[fi]
[ti]
içt]
[
[ƍlipԥ]
[ƍRinԥn]
[ƍRiçtiç]
ԥn]
[ƍpik
ԥn]
[ƍik
ɉɪɢ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɟɳɺ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɚ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ [i].
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɭɛɚɦɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɢ-
ɡɢɧɟɰ.
x Ƚɭɛɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɡɭɛɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɵɲɰ, ɩɪɨ-
ɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɝɭɛɵ ɜɩɟɪɺɞ, ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ [e:]. ɋɚɦɢ ɝɭɛɵ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɵ.
26
x Ʉɨɧɱɢɤ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɚɜɢɬ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɵ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ
], [j]
sonanten
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɚ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɚ.
x Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɣ [Ț:] ɞɨɥɝɢɣ. ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶ-
ɧɵɦ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɹ. Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɣ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɪɮɟɦɵ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [’Ț:] ɫ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɨɦ
ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ɇɚɩɪɹɝɚɣɬɟ ɹɡɵɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɥɨɝ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ɑɺɬɤɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɣɬɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ [Ț:]. ȼɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ
ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɧ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɧɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɧɚ
ɝɥɭɯɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ [k] ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ [Ț:].
ɋɩɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɥɨɝ.
[mȚ:]
[nȚ:]
[lȚ:]
[RȚ:]
[pȚ:]
[tȚ:]
Ț:]
[k
[fȚ:]
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɨɝɢ.
[mȚ:ǟ]
[lȚ:t]
t]
[lȚ:k
[lȚ:p]
[lȚ:f]
[RȚ:f]
[ƍmȚ:nԥ]
[ƍlȚ:fԥn]
[ƍRȚ:fԥn]
[ƍfRȚ:Rԥn]
[
[
ƍpȚ:lԥn]
ƍȚ:lԥn]
[fȚ:ǟ]
Ț:l]
[k
ࣝ
Ɂɜɭɤɢ [
). Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɱɟɦ ɝɥɭ-
ɯɢɟ, ɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ L
(<ɝɪ.
lenis
– ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ (s
– ɦɹɝɤɢɣ, ɫɥɚɛɵɣ). Ɇɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɶɧɨɟ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ «ɩɪɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ» ɝɨɥɨɫɭ. ɒɭɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɞ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɦ. ȼ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ,
ɱɟɦ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ.
27
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɯ ɫɨ-
ɑɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɟɟ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ, ɬɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜ ɧɺɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ
[b], [d], [g]
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɫ: ɷɬɨ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ.
[b]
[d]
[g]
ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ:
x ɝɥɭɯɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ – ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ,
x ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ,
x ɫɨɧɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ – ɫɥɚɛɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ.
ȼ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɬ.
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ:
x ɉɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ – ɫɦɵɱɧɨ-ɜɡɪɵɜɧɵɟ,
ɤɚɤ ɢ [p], [t], [k]: ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɪɟɱɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɦɵɱɤɭ (ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɭɸ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ [p], [t], [k]), ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɩɚɭɡɚ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɡ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ. ȼ
ȼ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨ, ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟ ɫɦɵɱɧɨ-ɜɡɪɵɜɧɵɟ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɦ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [b] ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ [p], ɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ [p] ɫ ɩɪɢɞɵɯɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ.
ɍɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɫɦɵɱɤɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɦ:
ɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɧɟɜɧɹɬɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɡɜɭɤ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜ ɩɪɟɞɡɭɛɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪ. ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɡɜ
ɭɤ [b].
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨɟ
[p], ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨɟ [b]. ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟ ɷɬɨ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ.
.
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [d] ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ [t], ɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ [t] ɢ [d] ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ
ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ [p] ɢ [b].
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [g] ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ [k], ɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ [k] ɢ [g] ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ
ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ [p] ɢ [b].
28
Ɋɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [g] ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɥɢ-
[*b], [*d], [*g]
G
[v], [z], [ࣝ], [j]
ɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ [ƾ] ɢ [k].
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɥɨɝ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ȼɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ
ɝɨɥɨɫ ɧɟ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɫɦɵɱɤɢ ɭ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ [b], [d], [g].
[bam]
[dan]
[gal]
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ. ȼɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ
ɝɨɥɨɫ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɧ, ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɹ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɧɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ȼɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɝɥɭɯɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ.
kԥ]
[ƍbandԥ]
[ƍdaƾkԥn]
[ƍgaltԥn]
[ƍbĮ:dԥn]
kԥ]
[ƍbİƾ
[ƍdĮ:mԥn]
[ƍgĮ:bԥn]
[ƍbİƾ
[ƍdİƾ
İlp]
[g
kԥn]
[bĮ:]
[dĮ:]
[gĮ:]
[ƍgĮ:bԥn]
[ƍbĮ:dԥn]
[ƍtĮ:gԥ]
[bԥƍkĮ:m]
[bԥƍtİlt]
[gԥƍtĮ:n]
[gԥƍmaxt]
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ. Ƚɥɭɯɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ:
ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɢɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɫɦɵɱɤɢ. Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ [b], [d], [g] ɧɚ [*b], [*d], [*g] ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɚɭɡɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɡɜɭɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɚɭɡɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɜɨɧɤɢɣ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:
ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɡɜɭɤɢ [*g] ɢ [*d].
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ [*b], [*d], [*g], ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɶ
ɢɯ ɤɚɤ [p], [t], [k] ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɣɬɟ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ [*b], [*d], [*g] ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɝɥɭɯɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ [s]. ɉɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɹ [s], ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɣɬɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɱɢɤɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɹ.
[dasƍ*bİt]
[dasƍ*dax]
[’İsƍ*gĮ:p]
[’İsƍ*g
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ:
x ɉɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ – ɳɟɥɟɜɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ [f], [s], [
[ç]: ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɪɟɱɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɭɡɤɭɸ ɳɟɥɶ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫ ɲɭɦɨɦ ɬɪɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɞɵɯɚɟɦɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ. Ɇɭɫɤɭɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɚɛɟɟ,
ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ [f], [s], [], [ç], ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢ ɲɭɦ
– ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ [b], [d], [g] ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ
eben Sie mir bitte den Schlüssel, d
Ț:pt]
er ganz oben hängt
. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ
],
29
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɚɛɵɦ. Ʉ
ɲɭɦɭ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɫ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ
[v]
[z]
[ࣝ]
[j]
ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɫ
.
, ɧɨ ɧɟ
ȼ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨ, ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟ ɳɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɦ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ. ɍɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ
ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɡɜɨɧɤɢɯ ɳɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɯ.
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [v] ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ [f], ɧɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɟ [f] ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ
ɲɭɦ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ [v] ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɟ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
5 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɧɚ ɜɵɞɨɯɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɲɭɦ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɛɚɜɢɜ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɫɨ
ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ. ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɲɭɦɚ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɬɹɧɭɬɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɡɜɭɤɚ [v].
ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɡɜɭɤɢ [f] ɢ [v] ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɟɳɺ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ.
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [z] ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ [s], ɧɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ [s] ɢ [z] ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ
ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ [f] ɢ [v].
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [ࣝ] ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ [
], ɧɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ [] ɢ [ࣝ] ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ
ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ [f] ɢ [v].
Ⱥɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ:
x ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ [j] ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ [ç], ɧɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨ.
x Ɂɜɭɤ [j] ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɜɨɧɤɢɯ ɳɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɧɟɦɟɰ-
ɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ ɲɭɦɨɦ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɜ ɡɜɭɤɟ [j]
ɫɥɵɲɟɧ ɹɫɧɟɟ. Ɉɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɲɭɦɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɳɟɥɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ [ç] ɢ [j] ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ
ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ [f] ɢ [v].
30
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