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Файл:Концепция реабилитации и организационно-правовые механизмы ее реализации в российском уголовном процессе. Монография
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ake., 1985. A. 76;
A\_mSjkZ 1497 X. d ZojemZgem kgeockk coggkPgZoXo k Wic\SmJjoXo ^cidi I—I dmZod.
/.: Cici_, 2000. A. 191.
5
EoggkPgZom WiZojo_iemaQgedo — dmZod. ". 2. A. 131.
A\_mSjkZk k ;oc]kcodijkm gkgem]T _mao^cokWdo_gedi d EoggkPgZo] o-
$geockY c\ggZoXo WiZojo_iemaQgedi. ACS., 1999. A. 324.
;cm]odi . .
A\_o\gecoPgedo k ^coNmgg ^o g\_mSjkZ\ 1497 X. / 8 gS.:
25
"iZ, JiaoSi ji jm^cidkaQjom g\_mSjom cmFmjkm STai JiaoSoP ji
g\_QI, i ^mcmg]oec _mai ^cmdciKiagY d g\_mSjTP g^oc o_joP kW geocoj ^coNmggi g g\_QmP.
EY_ geiemP go_mcJiak ^oaoJmjkY o jm_oScogodmgejTM kgZiM, o doW]mKmjkk oedmeRkZ\ \KmcSi oe dTWodi d g\_ k ^odTFmjjTm ciW]mcT
eiZoXo doW]mKmjkY Wi jm_oZiWijj\I RigeQ kgZi. $W]mjkaigQ g\KjogeQ
^ojYekY «
Ria Zamdme\, e.m. Widm_o]o aoJjom oSdkjmjkm,
^ocY_Zm
^oZam^», ZoeocTP d SoaQFkjgedm ga\Rimd d XVII d. \Jm oWji-
jiZiW\m]om d \Xoaodjo]
1
.
8dk_\ oeg\egedkY oS%mZekdjTM kgeockRmgZkM ^o_edmcJ_mjkP
oNmjZi doW]oJjoP ,;;mZekdjogek joc], go_mcJidFkM ^cido ^o_iRk
JiaoS ji g\_QI ^ck \gaodkk jige\^amjkY _aY ^cokXcidFmP geocojT
\XoaodjoXo jiZiWijkY, k]\KmgedmjjoP oedmegedmjjogek k jm ^cm_^oaiXidFkM dk_T k ciW]mcT oedmegedmjjogek g\_mP, jm ^cm_geidaYmegY
doW]oJjoP. "m] jm ]mjmm, g eoRZk WcmjkY godmcFmjgedodijkY WiZojo_iemaQgedi diJjo ZojgeiekcodieQ, Reo g \ZiWijjoXo ^mcko_i
d coggkPgZo] ^cidm jiRkjimegY SiWkc\IKmmgY ji joc]iM WiZoji ciWdkekm
k_mk oedmegedmjjogek akN, og\KmgedaYdFkM \Xoaodjom g\_o^cokWdo_gedo, Wi jm^cidkaQjTm cmFmjkY.
8oW]oJjogeQ ^o_iRk JiaoST ji g\_QI, g o_joP geocojT ]oJme
gdk_memaQgedodieQ o ^cm_^ogTaZiM WicoJ_mjkY kjgeke\ei oSJiaodijkY, i g _c\XoP — o ^cooSciWm ;oc]kcodijkY _kg^oWkekdjTM ^cid
\RigejkZod \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi, Ick_kRmgZiY ^ckco_i ZoeocTM ^ck]mjkemaQjo
Z ^cm_geidamjjo]\ d :C> E? kjgeke\e\ cmi-
SkakeiNkk, o^cm_maYme MiciZemc ^cidooejoFmjkP d \ZiWijjoP g;mcm.
>co]m eoXo, ^oYdamjkm d WiZojm \XoaodjoP oedmegedmjjogek Wi Widm_o]o aoJjom oSdkjmjkm (jmg]oecY ji eo, Reo d \ZiWijjTP ^mcko_
dcm]mjk ^o_ciW\]mdiagY mXo kgZaIRkemaQjo RigejTP MiciZemc) d ^coNmggm ciWdkekY coggkPgZoXo WiZojo_iemaQgedi ^ckdmao Z mXo godcm]mjjo]\ do^aoKmjkI
d \Xoaodjo] ^cidm d dk_m \XoaodjoP oedmegedmjjogek _oaJjogejTM akN Wi Widm_o]o aoJjom oSdkjmjkm k og\J_mjkm,
Reo d jigeoYKmm dcm]Y damRme _aY ^ogeci_idFkM oe eiZkM _mPgedkP ^ogeijodamjkm d oejoFmjkk jkM o^cid_iemaQjoXo ^ckXodoci kak ^cmZciKmjkm \XoaodjoXo _mai (\XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY) ^o cmiSkakekc\IKm]\ ogjodijkI, i ZiZ gam_gedkm — cmiSkakeiNkI k gdYWijjTm g
jmP ^ogam_gedkY d dk_m doW]mKmjkY dcm_i k doggeijodamjkY ^cid.
AoMcijkaigQ emj_mjNkY WiZojo_iemaQjoXo WiZcm^amjkY kgZod
«Wi SmgRmgeQm», ^o_edmcJ_mjkm ;iZei ZoeocoXo damZao ^ogam_gedkY
_aY oedmeRkZi d dk_m ^mjk.
1
EoggkPgZom WiZojo_iemaQgedo — dmZod. ". 2. A. 289.
26
> jiRia\ XVIII d. d WiZojo_iemaQgedm Eoggkk geiai oRmdk_joP jmoSMo_k]ogeQ gi]ogeoYemaQjoP cmXai]mjeiNkk ^coNmgg\iaQjTM do^cogod, ^odamZFiY kW_ijkm d ]icem 1715 X. WiZoji ^o_ jiWdijkm]
1
«>cieZom kWoSciJmjkk ^coNmggod kak g\_mSjTM eYJmS»
.
Ccm_\g]oecmjjTP d Xa. 2 \ZiWijjoXo WiZoji ji eoe ]o]mje kgRmc^TdiIKkP ^mcmRmjQ ogjodijkP _aY oe]mjT («\jkReoJmjkY») ^ckXodoci: gmcQmWjTm ^coNmgg\iaQjTm jic\FmjkY k ^coekdo^cidjogeQ —
«jiXaom jic\Fmjkm WiZoji», d^ogam_gedkk geia Soamm ;oc]iakWodijjT]. CckWjijkm jkReoJjogek ^ckXodoci ,eo ^o g\ek _mai o^cid_ijkm, Reo d jigeoYKmm dcm]Y YdaYmegY cmiSkakeiNkmP.
"iZk] oSciWo], d ^mcko_ g
XI _o jiRiai XVIII dd. g;oc]kcodiakgQ k ^oa\Rkak _iaQjmPFmm ciWdkekm cY_ ^cidodTM ^oaoJmjkP, oZiWidFkM dakYjkm ji ^ogam_\IKmm ciWdkekm coggkPgZoXo ^cidi d Rigek
oSmg^mRmjkY ^cid XciJ_ij, SmWdkjjo oSdkjmjjTM k og\J_mjjTM.
A ^oWkNkk godcm]mjjoXo dWXaY_i ji cmiSkakeiNkI oSciKime ji
gmSY djk]ijkm k go_mcJijkm joc]iekdjTM iZeod, ^ckjYeTM \Jm d
ZojNm XVIII d. k ^ckMo_kdFkMgY ji ,^oM\
NicgedodijkY ZiemckjT II.
"iZ, ji^ck]mc, d :geidiM «1 goak» k «1 dkjm» 1781 X. \ZiWTdiaogQ, Reo
«em, ZoeocTm og]oec Rkjkak, S\_m YgjTM _oZiWiemaQged k gdk_memaQged
jm k]mak» oSYWijT STak Wi^aiekeQ
2
,ek _mPgedkY ^cokWdo_kakgQ
.
Wi SmgRmgeQm
em], d _o]iM ZoeocTM
mg]oecY ji eo, Reo ^codm_mjkm og]oeci JkakKi d ^mcko_ _mPgedkY \ZiWijjTM joc]iekdjTM iZeod dcY_ ak ]oJjo oeoJ_mgedaYeQ
g godcm]mjjT] kM ^ojk]ijkm] ZiZ gam_gedmjjTM _mPgedkP, em] jm
]mjmm, kM og\Kmgedamjkm go^codoJ_iaogQ gdYWijjT] g \XoaodjT]
g\_o^cokWdo_gedo] ^ckj\J_mjkm] go geocojT ^cm_geidkemamP daigek. _mgQ ]T ]oJm] jiSaI_ieQ kW]mjmjkY Ick_kRmgZoP ^ckco_T
oedmegedmjjogek
«Wi SmgRmgeQm»
, jige\^idFmP, d ^cm_\g]oecmjjTM
ga\RiYM k _aY RkjodjkZod, og\KmgedaYdFkM og]oecT JkakK.
8 jigeoYKmm dcm]Y d Ick_kRmgZoP akemcie\cm oZojRiemaQjo jm
ciWcmFmj do^cog o eo], gam_\me ak oejogkeQ Z ]mci] ^coNmgg\iaQjoXo
^ckj\J_mjkY, _iIKk] ^cido ji doW]mKmjkm dcm_i d gooedmegedkk g
R. 3 ge. 133 :C> E?, ^codm_mjkm oSTgZi kak og]oeci JkakKi SmW goXaigkY ^coJkdiIKkM d jm]
akN.
1SciKime ji gmSY djk]ijkm k ^oYdamjkm d coggkPgZo] ^cidm eiZ
jiWTdim]TM
^ckWjiZod «jmWiZojjogek»
_mPgedkP, ^ocoJ_idFkM oe-
dmegedmjjogeQ _oaJjogejTM akN Wi kM godmcFmjkm, ^o_ ZoeocT]k
1
EoggkPgZom WiZojo_iemaQgedo — dmZod / Co_ cm_. 1.$. kgeYZodi. ". 4. /.: ck_.
ake., 1986. A. 448, 449.
2
CA EoggkPgZoP $]^mckk. ACS., 1830. ". 21. Ae. 15174. C. 88; Ae. 15231. C. 111.
27
^o_ciW\]mdiaogQ
oeg\egedkm _ogeieoRjTM _oZiWiemaQged,
oSogjodT-
didFkM jmoSMo_k]ogeQ kM ^codm_mjkY.
mg]oecY ji eo, Reo ^o g]Tga\ jTjm _mPged\IKmXo :C> E?, jmWiZojjTm _mPgedkY _oaJjogejTM akN, oe]mji ^ckjk]im]TM k]k jmWiZojjTM kak jmoSogjodijjTM cmFmjkP YdaYIegY ogjodijkY]k _aY
WiYdamjkY ^ogeci_idFk] akNo] ecmSodijkP o doW]mKmjkk dcm_i
(^. 34, 35 ge. 5; R. 3 ge. 133; R. 2 ge. 135; R. 3 ge. 136; ge. 139 :C> E?),
Zckemckk ^ckWjijkY
kM eiZodT]k akFQ Zogdmjjo \g]ieckdiIegY kW
godoZ\^jogek \Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjTM joc], ogaoJjYY ji_amJiK\I oNmjZ\ d ZiJ_o] ZojZcmejo] ga\Rim doWjkZjodmjkY ogjodijkP, damZ\KkM cmiSkakeiNkI k (kak) doW]mKmjkm dcm_i.
8 ^mcdoP ^oaodkjm I d. jiRiai o;oc]aYeQgY gkgem]i coggkPgZoXo ^cidi, _mPgedodidFiY d gdomP ogjodm _o ^ogam_jkM _jmP EoggkPgZoP k]^mckk.
iZojo], oS%m_kjkdFk]
k ciWdkdFk] jikSoamm ^mcm_odTm k_mk,
gdYWijjTm g jmoSMo_k]ogeQI ^cidodoXo WiZcm^amjkY XicijekP doW]mKmjkY dcm_i k doggeijodamjkY ^cid Jmced jmWiZojjoXo oSdkjmjkY
kak og\J_mjkY, d Zoeoco] cigFkcmj g^mZec kM ^cid, ZojZcmekWkcodij
^mcmRmjQ ogjodijkP _aY kM doggeijodamjkY d ga\Rim jic\FmjkY, i
eiZJm ^cm_\g]oecmji oedmegedmjjogeQ akN, dkjodjTM d kM jic\Fmjkk, geiao «:aoJmjkm o jiZiWijkYM \XoaodjTM
1
1845 X. (_iamm — :aoJmjkm o jiZiWijkYM)
.
k kg^cidkemaQjTM»
mg]oecY ji eo, Reo ^ojYekm «cmiSkakeiNkY» d WiZojm mKm jm kg^oaQW\megY k cmRQ ^o-^cmJjm]\ k_me eoaQZo o doW]mKmjkk dcm_i, Wiga\JkdiIe djk]ijkY em joc]T :aoJmjkY o jiZiWijkYM, kW go_mcJijkY ZoeocTM \g]ieckdiIegY ogjodijkY k \gaodkY doW]mKmjkY
dcm_i akNi], ^ogeci_idFk] d Mo_m \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi oe
jmWiZojjTM _mPgedkP ocXijod daigek; ^mcmRjk
g\S%mZeod, ZiZ jmg\KkM
oedmegedmjjogeQ Wi ^ckRkjmjkm dcm_i, eiZ k k]mIKkM ^cido ji mXo
doW]mKmjkm; dk_T dcm_i, i eiZJm dk_T oedmegedmjjogek _oaJjogejTM
akN k g^ogoST mXo doW]mKmjkY.
"iZ, ji^ck]mc, ^oaoJmjkY o dWTgZijkk Wi SmgRmgekm d ^oaQW\ emM,
«ZoeocTm _mPgedkY]k _oaJjogejTM akN STak ogZocSamjT kak oSmg^oZomjT» ZiZ d ^ocY_Zm XciJ_ijgZoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi, eiZ k
^\em]
kg^oajmjkY g\_mSjTM ^ogeijodamjkP o jmoSMo_k]ogek ^cogkeQ \ oSkJmjjoXo ^coKmjkY d ^ckg\egedkk g\_i kak gdk_memamP, ^o ;oc]m k d
2
emM dTciJmjkYM, ZoeocTm ^cm_^kgijT g\_o]
g ^oWkNkk gmXo_jYFjmXo
1
EoggkPgZom WiZojo_iemaQgedo X—XX dmZod / Co_ cm_. 1.$. kgeYZodi. ". 6. /.: ck_.
ake., 1988. A. 377, 378.
2
AeieQk 61, 377—379 :aoJmjkY o jiZiWijkYM.
28
_jY ]oJjo o^cm_makeQ, ZiZ k]mIKkm oejoFmjkm Z ^ogam_\IKm]\
;oc]kcodijkI cmiSkakeiNkk, ZiZ ^cidodoXo kjgeke\ei. > ^mcmRjI
_mPgedkP _oaJjogejTM akN, damZ\KkM ^ck o^cm_mamjjTM \gaodkYM ^ogam_gedkY, gdYWijjTm g doW]mKmjkm] dcm_i, d Rigejogek STak oejmgmjT: dWYekm ^o_ geciJ\, ^cokWdo_gedo dTm]Zk kW ZiZoXo-jkS\_Q _o]i,
1
oSTgZ, jic\Fmjkm eiPjT ^mcm^kgZk
.
jiakWkc\Y ^oaoJmjkY :aoJmjkY o jiZiWijkYM d ig^mZem kM
WjiRk]ogek _aY ^ogam_\IKmXo do^aoKmjkY cmiSkakeiNkk d ^cidm Eoggkk, gam_\me Wi]mekeQ, Reo gi]i ^ogeijodZi d WiZojm do^cogi o «doW]oJjogek dWTgZijkY SmgRmgekY g _oaJjogejTM akN» gdk_memaQged\me
o ;oc]kcodijkk jcidgedmjjTM ogjod coggkPgZoXo ^cidi, d^ogam_gedkk o^cm_makdFkM ^ckco_\ cmiSkakeiNkk, ZoeociY, d ^mcd\I oRmcm_Q, ji^cidamji
ji doggeijodamjkm RmgejoXo k]mjk, o^ocoRmjjoXo d
cmW\aQeiem jm^cido]mcjTM _mPgedkP ocXijod daigek. eo ^coYdamjkm
geidFmP \Jm MiciZemcjoP _aY coggkPgZoXo ^cidi emj_mjNkk WiZojo_iemaQjoXo WiZcm^amjkY «dWTgZijkY SmgRmgekY», kgeoZk ZoeocoP dogMo_Ye Z «iZoj\ g\_jo]\ aI_Y]», e.m. Z jiRia\ XI d.
cidgedmjjiY g\eQ _ijjTM ^oaoJmjkP :aoJmjkY o jiZiWijkYM ^o_-
edmcJ_imegY k doW]oJjogeQI ^oa\RmjkY kWdkjmjkP go
geocojT _o^\gekdFkM jm^cido]mcjTm _mPgedkY _oaJjogejTM akN, ZiZ g^ogoSi
Zo]^mjgiNkk ]ociaQjoXo dcm_i. mg]oecY ji eo, Reo ^ojYekm «]ociaQjTP dcm_» mKm jm doFao d WiZoj, ^ckdm_mjjTm ;oc]\akcodZk geiemP
:aoJmjkY gdk_memaQged\Ie o ji]mekdFmPgY emj_mjNkk ciWXcijkRmjkY
dk_od dcm_i, ^ckRkjmjjoXo _mPgedkY]k _oaJjogejTM akN.
8 :aoJmjkk o jiZiWijkYM ^cm_\g]oecmjT
^coNm_\cjTm do^cogT
^ckjmgmjkY kWdkjmjkP: dTjmgmjkm ^o_amJiKmXo kg^oajmjkI ^ogeijodamjkY g\_i, i_cmgodijjoXo ZojZcmejo]\ _oaJjogejo]\ akN\ g \ZiWijkm]
«kg^cogkeQ ^coKmjkm \ k] oSkJmjjoXo» d ^ckg\egedkk g\_i
kak gdk_memamP ^o ;oc]m k d emM gi]TM dTciJmjkYM, ZoeocTm ^cm_^kgijT g\_o]».
A eoRZk WcmjkY godcm]mjjTM ^cm_geidamjkP o cmiSkakeiNkk
]oJjo ZojgeiekcodieQ, Reo ^ck jiakRkk d _ijjo] WiZojm cY_i WjiRk]TM ^oaoJmjkP d do^cogiM WiKkeT ^cid XciJ_ij oe _mPgedkP daigemP, oj mKm jm STa _ogeieoRjo ^ogam_odiemaQjT] k d Nmao] jogka
;ciX]mjeicjTP MiciZemc.
1
8 ^mcko_ dcm]mjk, oejogYKkPgY Z _mPgedkI :aoJmjkY, _og]oec ^oReodoP Zoccmg^oj_mjNkk, goXaigjo ^oaoJmjkY] CoReodoXo \geidi, ciWcmFiagY eoaQZo ^o ecmSodijkI g\_mSjTM ocXijod. 1_jiZo ^oakNkY k]mai ^cido ji dgZcTekm ^kgm] k kjTM S\]iX akN,
gogeoYdFkM ^o_ mm XaigjT] ji_Woco], k FkcoZo STai ciWdkei jmXaigjiY ^mcaIgeciNkY
^kgm] ocXiji]k ^oakekRmgZoP ^oakNkk. A].: EoggkPgZom WiZojo_iemaQgedo X—XX dmZod.
". 6. A. 377, 378.
29
ikSoamm ^oajo ^coNmgg\iaQjTP ^ocY_oZ doggeijodamjkY ^cid
^ogeci_idFkM oe _mPgedkP _oaJjogejTM akN d Mo_m \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi d^mcdTm g;oc]\akcodij d ^oaoJmjkYM :geidi \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi 1864 X. (_iamm — :geidi).
8 oSKkM ^oaoJmjkYM Xa. I :geidi \ZiWijo, Reo doggeijodamjkm Rmgek
k ^cid jmdkjjo og\J_mjjoXo _o^\gZimegY do dgYZom dcm]Y, jmg]oecY jk
ji «^coemRmjkm» _idjogek, jk ji g]mceQ
og\J_mjjoXo (ge. 26), i goXaigjo
ge. 32 «o^cid_ijjTP cmFmjkm] g\_mSjoXo ]mgei, k]mme ^cido d ^cm_maiM
\geijodamjjTM WiZojo] (ge. 780—784), ji doWjiXciJ_mjkm Wi dcm_ k
1
\STeZk, oe jm^cidkaQjoXo oSdkjmjkY ^ogam_odidFkm»
.
iZcm^amjkm ^cidi o^cid_ijjoXo ji doW]mKmjkm dcm_i k \STeZod
^mcdojiRiaQjo
d oSKkM
^oaoJmjkYM WiZoji, i jm eoaQZo d ZojZcmejTM
joc]iM, Reo STao MiciZemcjT] _aY ^cm_FmgedodidFkM WiZojo_iemaQjTM iZeod, \ZiWijkm ji doW]oJjogeQ doggeijodamjkY Rmgek k ^cid jmdkjjo og\J_mjjTM SmW oXcijkRmjkY do dcm]mjk k _iJm ^ogam kM
g]mcek, gam_\me oe]mekeQ ZiZ jodom Ydamjkm _aY coggkPgZoXo \XoaodjoXo ^coNmggi, Zoeocom ]oJjo cigNmjkdieQ g eoRZk WcmjkY ^odTFmjkY
WjiRk]ogek ciWcmFmjkY do^cogod, gdYWijjTM g doggeijodamjkm] RmgejoXo k]mjk k ^cid SmWdkjjo ^ogeci_idFkM d Mo_m \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi.
>co]m eoXo, d ^oaoJmjkYM :geidi ZojZcmekWkcodij g\S%mZe —
«o^cid_ijjTP cmFmjkm] g\_mSjoXo ]mgei».
1j k]ma ^cido ji doW]mKmjkm, ZiZ dcm_i, eiZ k \STeZod, Reo gi]o ^o gmSm Xodocke, MoeY o jm_ogeieoRjo RmeZo g;oc]\akcodijjoP, jo dgm-eiZk _k;;mcmjNkiNkk
^ckRkjmjjoXo \KmcSi, ogjodT ZoeocoP STak WiaoJmjT d :aoJmjkk
o jiZiWijkYM \XoaodjTM k kg^cidkemaQjTM 1845 X.
8 cY_m joc] jiMo_Ye gdom oeciJmjkm ^oaoJmjkY, gdk_memaQged\I-
Kkm oS \Jm MiciZemcjoP
_aY Eoggkk emj_mjNkk WiZcm^amjkY d WiZojm
^o gdomP g\ek _kg^oWkekdjoXo MiciZemci ^cidi o^cid_ijjoXo, Zoeoco]\ «_oWdoaYmegY ^cogkeQ doWjiXciJ_mjkY Wi dcm_ k \STeZk, ^ckRkjmjjTm m]\ jmogjodiemaQjT] ^ckdamRmjkm] Z g\_\», d eo] Rkgam k g
RigejoXo akNi, «jm ^oemc^mdFmXo oe eoXo ^cmge\^amjkY kak ^coge\^Zi, d Zoeoco] ojo oSdkjYao ^o_g\_k]oXo». 1j oSai_ia
^cido]
«kgZieQ doWjiXciJ_mjkY» k g _oaJjogejTM akN, d eo] Rkgam g g\_mSjoXo gam_odiemaY k ^coZ\coci, mgak ]oX _oZiWieQ, Reo ojk _mPgedodiak ^ckgecigejo, SmW WiZojjoXo ^odo_i kak ogjodijkY kak Jm
dooSKm jm_oScogodmgejo, e.m., ;iZekRmgZk jmg Scm]Y _oZiWTdijkY jm-
2
^cido]mcjogek _mPgedkP oSdkjkdFmP mXo geocojT
.
1
::A. $W_ijkm A.. mXaodkeodi. ACS, 1887. A. 61.
2
AeieQk 780, 782, 783 :geidi \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi.
30
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