Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Концепция реабилитации и организационно-правовые механизмы ее реализации в российском уголовном процессе. Монография
.pdf
]oJme k_ek akSo o godoZ\^jogek dgmM _mPgedkP k cmFmjkP, ji^cidamjjTM ji doggeijodamjkm akNi d ^cmJjm] geie\gm, akSo o ^coNm_\cm
doW]mKmjkY k]\KmgedmjjoXo k Zo]^mjgiNkk ]ociaQjoXo dcm_i, akSo
o eo] k _c\Xo] d]mgem dWYeo].
A^ogoST k ^ocY_oZ doW]mKmjkY dcm_i, ^cm_^oaiXiIKkm godoZ\^jogeQ Zo]^mjgiNkojjo-doggeijodkemaQjTM ]mc, ^cm_\g]oecmjjTM ZiZ
jm^ogcm_gedmjjo :C> E?, eiZ k joc]i]k
kjTM oecigamP ^cidi, d eo]
Rkgam, ji^ck]mc, XciJ_ijgZoXo, XciJ_ijgZoXo ^coNmgg\iaQjoXo, ec\-
1
_odoXo, JkakKjoXo k dm_o]gedmjjT]k joc]iekdjT]k iZei]k
, d ZiJ-
_o] ZojZcmejo] ga\Rim o^cm_maYIegY MiciZemco] ^ckRkjmjjoXo dcm_i k doamkW%Ydamjkm] WikjemcmgodijjTM \RigejkZod, ji_mamjjTM ^cido] ji mXo doW]mKmjkm.
"iZ, goXaigjo R. 5 ge. 133 :C> E? do^cogT, gdYWijjTm g doW]mKmjkm] dcm_i ]oX\e STeQ cmFmjT d ^ocY_Zm XciJ_ijgZoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi; kW go_mcJijkY R. 2 ge. 136 :C> E? \g]ieckdimegY, Reo kgZk
o Zo]^mjgiNkk
Wi ^ckRkjmjjTP ]ociaQjTP dcm_ d _mjmJjo] dTciJm-
jkk ^cm_%YdaYIegY d ^ocY_Zm XciJ_ijgZoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi.
8]mgem g em] d gooedmegedkk go ge. 399 :C> E? ciWcmFiIegY ecmSodijkY o doW]mKmjkk k]\KmgedmjjoXo dcm_i k doggeijodamjkk kjTM
^cid cmiSkakekcodijjoXo akNi (ge. 135, 138 :C> E?). 8 eo Jm dcm]Y
gi]o doW]mKmjkm k doggeijodamjkm og\KmgedaYmegY ji ogjodijkk g\_mSjoXo
cmFmjkY kjT]k ocXiji]k k _oaJjogejT]k akNi]k, jm YdaYIKk]kgY g\S%mZei]k \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi, k Wi ci]Zi]k
^cidodTM ^cm_^kgijkP, \cmX\akcodijjTM joc]i]k :C> E?.
_mgQ MoemaogQ ST ^o_RmcZj\eQ iZe\iaQjogeQ emWkgi, dT_dkj\eoXo
E.8. idckaIZo] o eo], Reo g\eQ k_mk kjgeke\ei cmiSkakeiNkk gogeoke k d goW_ijkk ,;;mZekdjoXo Zo]^mjgiNkojjoXo ]mMijkW]i doggeijodamjkY k]\KmgedmjjTM, goNkiaQjTM k kjTM
^cid k WiZojjTM
kjemcmgod, ZoeocTm STak jic\FmjT _mPgedkY]k (SmW_mPgedkm]) kak
2
cmFmjkY]k ^\SakRjTM ^coNmgg\iaQjTM ocXijod
.
1
$jgec\ZNkY ^o ^ck]mjmjkI CoaoJmjkY o ^ocY_Zm doW]mKmjkY \KmcSi, ^ckRkjmjjoXo
XciJ_ijkj\ jmWiZojjT]k _mPgedkY]k ocXijod _oWjijkY, ^cm_dickemaQjoXo gam_gedkY, ^coZ\cie\cT k g\_i (g kW]., djmgmjjT]k cmFmjkY]k 8mcModjoXo A\_i E? oe 5 i^cmaY 2004 X.
& >C$ 03-1383, oe 13 ]icei 2008 X. & >C$ 07-1739); CckZiW /kjkgemcgedi ;kjijgod E?
oe 15 idX\gei 2006 X. & 271 «1S \edmcJ_mjkk ^ocY_Zi ocXijkWiNkk ciSoeT d /kjkgemcgedm
?kjijgod E? ^o kg^oajmjkI g\_mSjTM iZeod o dWTgZijkk _mjmJjTM gcm_ged ^o kgZi] Z EoggkPgZoP ?m_mciNkk d gooedmegedkk g I_JmejT] Zo_mZgo] EoggkPgZoP ?m_mciNkk»; Aod]mgejTP ^ckZiW mjmciaQjoP ^coZ\cie\cT E? oe 20 YjdicY 2009 X. & 12 k /kjkgemcgedi ?kjijgod
E? & 3j «1 dWik]o_mPgedkk ocXijod ^coZ\cie\cT k ]kjkgemcgedi ;kjijgod EoggkPgZoP ?m_mciNkk ^ck ^oge\^amjkk gdm_mjkP oS oSciKmjkk d g\_ XciJ_ijkji g kgZo] (WiYdamjkm]) o
doW]mKmjkk dcm_i, ^ckRkjmjjoXo d cmW\aQeiem jmWiZojjoXo \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY.
2
idckaIZ E.8
ekZk). A. 11.
. EmiSkakeiNkY d coggkPgZo] \Xoaodjo] ^coNmggm (do^cogT emockk k ^ciZ-
91
EmiakW\Y ^cido ji doW]mKmjkm dcm_i, cmiSkakekcodijjom akNo ji
gdom \g]oecmjkm cmFime do^cog o MiciZemcm k g^ogoSiM mXo doW]mKmjkY, d ZiZoP ;oc]m \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi _ijjom ^cido ^o_amJke cmiakWiNkk, gam_\me ak m]\ kjkNkkcodieQ ^coaojXkcodijj\I
do dcm]mjk k dTMo_YK\I Wi ^cm_maT \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi
^coNm_\c\ cmiakWiNkk Zo]^mjgiNkojjo-doggeijodkemaQjTM ]mc. 1_jiZo ji_mamjkm mXo d
doW]mKmjkm dcm_i
YdaYmegY oSYWijjogeQI ocXijod, og\KmgedaYIKkM
^cm_\g]oecmjjTM WiZojo] ga\RiYM
^cido] ji
\Xoaodjom g\_o^cokWdo_gedo, jm WidkgYKmP jk oe ZiZkM _o^oajkemaQjTM \gaodkP.
1SogjodijjT] ^cm_geidaYmegY dTdo_, Reo Zo]^mjgiNkojjo-doggeijodkemaQjTm ]mcT ,eo
«^cm_\g]oecmjjiY WiZojo] k joc]iekdjT]k ^cidodT]k iZei]k godoZ\^jogeQ gcm_ged, ji^cidamjjTM ji
cmiakWiNkI ^cidi ji doW]mKmjkm dcm_i akN\, ^ogeci_idFm]\ oe _mPgedkP _oaJjogejTM akN d Mo_m \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi, dTSoc
ZoeocTM o^cm_maYmegY mXo doamkW%Ydamjkm]».
8 gdYWk g ,ek] ]T ^oaiXim], Reo d go_mcJijkk ^ojYekY «cmiSkak-
eiNkY» ji_amJiKmm ]mgeo _oaJjo WijYeQ k]mjjo ^
dcm_i,
cmiakWiNkY ZoeocoXo go^codoJ_imegY eoP kak kjoP godoZ\^-
cido ji doW]mKmjkm
jogeQI Zo]^mjgiNkojjo-doggeijodkemaQjTM ]mc.
CoZiWiemaQjo, Reo WiZojo_iemaQgedo ?cijNkk oeciJime ^oWkNkI,
Reo aISom akNo, og\J_mjjom ;cijN\WgZk] eckS\jiao] Z jiZiWijkI
Wi godmcFmjkm ^cmge\^amjkY, ^coge\^Zi kak ^cidojic\FmjkY ]oJme
STeQ cmiSkakekcodijo. EmiSkakeiNkY ^cokWdo_kegY d ^ocY_Zm, ^cm_\g]oecmjjo] :Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjT] kak :XoaodjT] Zo_mZgo],
jo do dgmM ga\RiYM damRme ^ogam_gedkY, ^cm_\g]oecmjjTm
1
. 8 :Xoaodjo] Zo_mZgm 1e_ma IV — «1 cmiSkakeiNkk» go_mcJkegY
Nkk
d :> ?cij-
d Xaidm, ^cm_\g]ieckdiIKmP ^cmZciKmjkm kg^oajmjkY jiZiWijkP k
\gecijmjkm ^ogam_gedkP oSdkjkemaQjTM ^ckXodocod. 8 jm] ^cm_geidamjT joc]T, goXaigjo ZoeocT] ^ck jiakRkk ^cm_\g]oecmjjTM d WiZojm ogjodijkP akNo, ^o_dmcXj\eom jiZiWijkI Wi ^cmge\^amjkm,
^coge\^oZ kak ^cidojic\Fmjkm, ]oJme ^oa\RkeQ cmiSkakeiNkI,
damZ\K\I oe]mj\ aISoP jm^cidog^ogoSjogek kak akFmjkY ^cid, dTemZiIKkM kW ^ckXodoci
(ge. 133.16). 8 oejoFmjkk cmiSkakekcodijjoXo
Wi^cmKimegY aISo]\ akN\, ogdm_o]amjjo]\ d gdYWk g dT^oajmjkm]
gdokM oSYWijjogemP o ^ckXodocm, ^co;mggkojiaQjTM dWTgZijkYM akSo
o Wi^cmKmjkk, akFmjkk ^cid kak ZiZoP-akSo jm^cidog^ogoSjogek,
\^o]kjieQ o jkM d ZiZoP ST eo jk STao ;oc]m kak _maieQ ji jkM
1
:Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjTP Zo_mZg ?cijNkk: Cmc. .8. oaodZo. /.: ck_kRmgZkP Zoa-
am_J /:, 1996. A. 312.
92
ggTaZk d ZiZkM ST eo jk STao _oZ\]mjeiM. 1_jiZo ,eo Wi^cmKmjkm jm
cig^cogecijYmegY ji ockXkjiaT g\_mSjTM cmFmjkP, ^ckXodocod k ^ogeijodamjkP. >co]m eoXo, cmiSkakeiNkY jm ^cm^Yeged\me kg^oajmjkI
cmFmjkY o ^\SakZiNkk, dTjmgmjjo]\ d ^ocY_Zm doW]mKmjkY \KmcSi,
i ^ck ^ck]mjmjkk ^cidka o cmiSkakeiNkk, ogdoSoJ_mjkm oe jiZiWijkY
1
d cmW\aQeiem ^o]kaodijkY eoJ_mgedmjjo mXo kg^oajmjkI
.
8 dmPNickk ^o_ cmiSkakeiNkmP ^ojk]imegY godoZ\^jogeQ ]mc,
ji^cidamjjTM ji doggeijodamjkm XciJ_ijgZoXo geie\gi akNi: doggeijodamjkm d g^ogoSjogek Wijk]ieQ _oaJjogeQ, doggeijodamjkm d co_kemaQgZoP daigek, oe]mji Wi^cmei Wijk]ieQgY o^cm_mamjjoP ^co;mggkmP, cm]mgao] kak WiZaIRieQ eocXodTm g_maZk, ijj\akcodijkm Wi^kgk d cmmgecm \Rmei g\_k]ogek. 1_jiZo doggeijodamjkm d ^ociJmjjTM
^ckXodoco] ^cidiM eiZJm ZiZ k
do ?cijNkk, cig^cogecijYmegY ji akN,
oeSTdFkM RigeQ jiZiWijkY, d ga\Rim mgak kM ^odm_mjkm o^cid_Tdime
WiYdamjjom Mo_ieiPgedo o cmiSkakeiNkk, ^ck oeg\egedkk ogjodijkP
o^igieQgY _iaQjmPFkM Wao\^oecmSamjkP k ^ck \gaodkk, Reo og\J_mjjTP d g\_mSjo] ^ocY_Zm kak ^\em] Zo]^mjgiNkk doW]mgeka ^ckRkjmjjTP dcm_
2
.
"iZk] oSciWo], ^ojk]ijkm cmiSkakeiNkk d \Xoaodjo] k \Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjo] ^cidm ?cijNkk k dmPNickk ^ck]mjkemaQjo
Z kggam_\m]oP ^coSam]m ^oZiWiemaQjo _aY coggkPgZoXo \XoaodjoXo
^coNmggi g eoP eoRZk WcmjkY, Reo \gecijmjkm ^ogam_gedkP ^ckRkjmjjoXo dcm_i ^cm_^oaiXime doggeijodamjkm ^cmJjmXo goNkiaQjoXo geie\gi gooedmeged\IKmXo akNi.
8 cY_m Xog\_icged ^ogegodmegZoXo ^cogecijgedi WiZojo_iemaQgedo ^cm_\g]ieckdime ^oaoJmjkY, ZoeocTm,
oeciJiY g\KjogeQ cmiSkakeiNkk, d oeakRkm oe :C> E?, _m]ojgeckc\Y ^cmm]gedmjjogeQ d
ciWcmFmjkk cY_i do^cogod, d Nmao] ogjodijT ji ^ojk]ijkk cmiSkakeiNkk d ZojemZgem emocmekRmgZkM k ^cidodTM dWXaY_od ji ciWdkekm
k_mk cmiSkakeiNkk, MiciZemcjTM _aY \Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjoXo k
XciJ_ijgZoXo ^cidi AAAE.
"iZ, :C> Emg^\SakZk >iWiMgeij d ge. 39 ^cm_\g]ieckdime cmi-
SkakeiNkI ^\em] ^ckWjijkY jmdkjodjogek
akNi, ^ckdamRmjjoXo d
ZiRmgedm oSdkjYm]oXo, ^o_oWcmdim]oXo, d ge. 40 go_mcJke ^oaoJmjkm
o eo], Reo ^cido ji doW]mKmjkm dcm_i, ^ckWjimegY ZiZ Wi cmiSkakekcodijjT]k XciJ_iji]k, eiZ k Wi kjT]k akNi]k, ZoeocT] ^ck-
1
:XoaodjTP Zo_mZg ?cijNkk: Cmc. .. >cTaodoP. ACS: ck_kRmgZkP Nmjec Ccmgg,
2002. A. 161—164.
2
:XoaodjTP Zo_mZg dmPNickk: Cmc. .8. AmcmScmjjkZodoP. ACS: ck_kRmgZkP Nmjec
Ccmgg, 2002. A. 132—135.
93
Rkjmj dcm_ d cmW\aQeiem jmWiZojjTM _mPgedkP ocXijod, dm_\KkM \Xo-
1
aodjTP ^coNmgg
.
8 :C> Emg^\SakZk :WSmZkgeij d Xaidm «EmiSkakeiNkY» ^cm_\g]oecmjo d ZiRmgedm cmiSkakeiNkk o^cid_ijkm ^o_g\_k]oXo, kgZaIRmjkm k]mdFkM ]mgeo d oejoFmjkk ^o_oWcmdim]oXo kak oSdkjYm]oXo
akNi oSdkjmjkP k ^o_oWcmjkP; ZojZcmekWkcodijo, Reo cmiSkakeiNkY
_ime ^cido ji doW]mKmjkm dcm_i (ge. 301, 302)
2
.
ijjiY ^oWkNkY d ^ojk]ijkk k ^cidodo] WiZcm^amjkk cmiSkakeiNkk ^cm_geidaYmegY ji] Soamm ^ogam_odiemaQjoP g eoRZk WcmjkY
mm g\Kjogek.
"iZk] oSciWo], cmW\aQeieT kggam_odijkY ^ckdo_Ye Z dTdo_\ o
eo], Reo gam_\me ciWakRieQ cmiSkakeiNkI ZiZ ;iZekRmgZom o^cid_ijkm akNi k doW]mKmjkm dcm_i, ZiZ ^ogam_gedkm cmiakWiNkk ^ocoJ_im]oXo cmiSkakeiNkmP ^cidi.
$W ^cm_geidamjjTM d :C> E?
^ojYekP «cmiSkakeiNkY» k «cmiSkakekcodijjTP» eiZJm \g]ieckdimegY, Reo doggeijodamjkm ^cid k
gdoSo_, cidjo ZiZ k doW]mKmjkm dcm_i ^cm_\g]oecmjT d oejoFmjkk
akN
jmWiZojjo
k
jmoSogjodijjo ^o_dmcXj\eTM \Xoaodjo]\ ^cm-
gam_odijkI.
1_jiZo oSciKime ji gmSY djk]ijkm eo oSgeoYemaQgedo, Reo d ^cidodTM joc]iM, Zoccmg^oj_kc\IKkM g cmiSkakeiNkmP k doW]mKmjkm]
dcm_i, eiZkm ^ckWjiZk ZiZ
jmWiZojjogeQ, jmoSogjodijjogeQ
\XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY WiZojo_iemaQ \ZiWTdime d ciWakRjTM goRmeijkYM: RmcmW goIW
«k»
(^. 2 R. 1 ge. 6 :C> E?),
«kak»
(^. 5 R. 2 ge. 133
:C> E?), oe]mRime o_kj kW ^ckWjiZod (R. 2 ge. 6, R. 3 ge. 133, R. 2
ge. 136, ge. 139 :C> E? ) akSo jm \ZiWTdime dodgm (R. 1 ge. 133, ^. 1—4
R. 2 ge. 133, ge. 134 :C> E?).
/oJjo ^cm_^oaoJkeQ, Reo d aISo] ga\Rim, jmWidkgk]o oe eoXo
STao ak \Xoaodjom ^cmgam_odijkm jmWiZojjT] k jmoSogjodijjT],
akSo jmWiZojjT], akSo jmoSogjodijjT], ^ogeci_idFkP
oe _mPgedkP
_oaJjogejTM akN d Mo_m \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi, ^ck o^cm_mamjjTM \gaodkYM _oaJmj STeQ cmiSkakekcodij k (kak) ji_mamj ^cido] ji doW]mKmjkm dcm_i.
8]mgem g em] ZojZcmekWiNkY \ZiWijjoXo oSgeoYemaQgedi _aY ^ojYekY «cmiSkakeiNkY» ^cm_geidaYmegY WjiRk]oP, Reo gdYWijo g jmoSMo_k]ogeQI o^cm_makeQgY d do^cogm o eo], gam_\me ak d _ijjo] ^ojYekk
kg^oaQWodieQ
aodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY
jkZime
d cmW\aQeiem \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY.
^ckWjiZk jmWiZojjogek k (kak) jmoSogjodijjogek \Xo-
k dgmX_i ak ^cido ji doW]mKmjkm dcm_i doW-
1
iZoj oe 13 _mZiScY 1997 X. & 206-1.
2
iZoj oe 22 _mZiScY 2009 X. & E:-238.
94
Co g]Tga\ c\ggZoXo YWTZi «WiZojjogeQ-gogeoYjkm, ^ckji_amJ-
1
jogeQ WiZojjoXo, goXaigjoXo g WiZoji]k, ji jkM ogjodijjom»
. 8 Ick-
_kRmgZoP akemcie\cm oe]mRmjo, Reo WiZojjogeQ cigg]ieckdimegY ZiZ
gecoXom k eoRjom goSaI_mjkm k kg^oajmjkm g\S%mZei]k \Xoaodjo-^co-
2
Nmgg\iaQjoP _mYemaQjogek ^cm_^kgijkP k ecmSodijkP WiZoji
.
AoXaigjo ge. 7 :C> E?, cigZcTdiIKmP go_mcJijkm ^ckjNk^i WiZojjogek ^ck ^cokWdo_gedm ^o \Xoaodjo]\ _ma\, WiZojjogeQ _mYemaQjogek ocXijod \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi WiZaIRimegY d jmoSMo_k]ogek ^ck]mjmjkY k]k ^oaoJmjkP :C> E?, dTjmgmjkk oSogjodijjTM
k ]oekdkcodijjTM cmFmjkP. ic\Fmjkm joc] \Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjoXo WiZoji dm_me Z ^ckWjijkI jm_o^\gek]T]k ^oa\RmjjTM d Mo_m \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi _oZiWiemaQged
.
"iZk] oSciWo], goXaigjo ecmSodijkY] :C> E? oSogjodijjogeQ
k ]oekdkcodijjogeQ cmFmjkP, YdaYmegY gogeidjoP RigeQI WiZojjogek _mYemaQjogek ocXijod \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi.
i gecijkNiM Ick_kRmgZoP ^mRiek ^cm_geidamjo ]jmjkm, Reo ^ojYekm «jmWiZojjTP» oWjiRime godmcFmjjTP do^cmZk ecmSodijkY] ZojZcmejTM joc] WiZoji, d eo] Rkgam k \Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjoXo, ^ckRm]
,ek _mPgedkY _oaJjogejTM akN ]oX\e STeQ cigNmjmjT
ge\^amjkm, akSo ZiZ _kgNk^akjicjTP ^coge\^oZ, akSo ZiZ oFkSZi
akSo ZiZ ^cm-
3
.
/oJjo ^cm_^oaoJkeQ, Reo oeg\egedkm Wao\^oecmSamjkP go geocojT _oaJjogejTM akN, gogeidaYIKkM go_mcJijkm ^cmge\^amjkY kak
_kgNk^akjicjoXo ^coge\^Zi, akSo oFkSZk, ^cm_^oaiXime WiZojjogeQ
_mPgedkP, gdYWijjTM g \XoaodjT] ^cmgam_odijkm]. 1_jiZo ZojgeiekcodieQ ;iZe ^cmge\^amjkY, _kgNk^akjicjoXo ^coge\^Zi akSo dTYdkeQ
MiciZemc _o^\KmjjoP _oaJjogejT]k akNi]k oFkSZk ]oJjo akFQ d
cmW\aQeiem ijiakWi go_mcJijkY k ^ogam_gedkP ZojZcmejTM _mPgedkP.
$ggam_\Y ^coSam]T cmiSkakeiNkk
k doW]mKmjkY dcm_i, \RmjTm-^coNmgg\iakgeT oe]mRiIe, Reo emc]kj «jmWiZojjTP» d ogjodijkk cmiSkakeiNkk gam_\me ^ojk]ieQ d eo] g]Tgam, Reo \Xoaodjom ^cmgam_odijkm
jmdkjodjoXo
amjkm] oe ecmSodijkP WiZoji dgmX_i jic\Fime ^cidi XciJ_ijkji
, ^ck]mjmjkm ]mc ^coNmgg\iaQjoXo ^ckj\J_mjkY g oege\^-
4
.
_mgQ gam_\me goXaigkeQgY, Reo \ZiWijjTP ideoco] ^o_Mo_ _oaJjogejTM akN Z og\KmgedamjkI \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY, jm ]oJme jm
jic\FieQ ^cidi XciJ_ij. 1_jiZo d eiZoP ;oc]\akcodZm oSciKime ji
1
iaQ 8.$.
A. 259.
2
\aYmd .C.
3
CcoZ\_kji ..
oMcijkemaQjTM ocXijod. /.: oco_mN, 1998. A. 19.
4
"iWkmd ..
"oaZodTP gaodicQ c\ggZoXo YWTZi. Aodcm]mjjiY dmcgkY. /.: >A/1, 2008.
Aam_odiemaQ d \Xoaodjo] ^coNmggm. /: ck_. ake., 1981. A. 47—53.
8oW]mKmjkm \KmcSi, ^ckRkjmjjoXo jmWiZojjT]k _mPgedkY]k ^cido-
EmiSkakeiNkY ji _og\_mSjo] ^cokWdo_gedm ^o \Xoaodjo]\ _ma\. /., 2005. A. 90.
95
gmSY djk]ijkm «^cmW\]^NkY dkjodjogek» _oaJjogejTM akN, ZoeocTm
og\KmgedaYak \Xoaodjom ^cmgam_odijkm jmdkjodjoXo. >co]m eoXo, mgeQ
ogjodijkY ^oaiXieQ, Reo dTdo_ o ^ck]mjmjkk ]mc ^coNmgg\iaQjoXo
^ckj\J_mjkY g oege\^amjkm] oe ecmSodijkP WiZoji eiZJm doW]oJmj
kgMo_Y kW ZojZcmejTM oSgeoYemaQged ^o ZiJ_o]\ \Xoaodjo]\ _ma\.
mg]oecY ji emgj\I dWik]ogdYWQ ]mJ_\ WiZojjogeQI k oSogjodijjogeQI, \ZiWijjTm ^ojYekY YdaYIegY gi]ogeoYemaQjT]k gdoPgedi]k
^coNmgg\iaQjTM cmFmjkP.
:RmjTm-^coNmgg\iakgeT dZai_TdiIe ciWjom go_mcJijkm d ^ojY-
1
ekm «oSogjodijjogeQ»
. $gMo_Y kW ,ek]oaoXkRmgZoXo WjiRmjkY gaodi,
«oSogjodijjTP» oWjiRime ^o_edmcJ_mjjTP ;iZei]k, gmcQmWjT]k
2
_odo_i]k, \Sm_kemaQjTP
.
gak WiZojjogeQ ^ojk]imegY ZiZ goSaI_mjkm joc] :C> E?, eo
oSogjodijjogeQ, YdaYYgQ gogeidjoP, jmciWcTdjo gdYWijjoP g joc]i]k
:Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjoXo Zo_mZgi RigeQI WiZojjogek, ^cm_^oaiXime
jiakRkm _ogeieoRjTM ogjodijkP _aY dTSoci ^cm_\g]oecmjjoP WiZojo] iaQemcjiekdT ^ck ^ckjYekk cmFmjkP k dT^oajmjkk d gooedmegedkk g jk]k _mPgedkP, gdYWijjTM g og\Kmgedamjkm] \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi.
Cck ,eo] :Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjTP
WiZoj go_mcJke ecmSodijkY,
oSYWiemaQjTm _aY kg^oajmjkY ^ck og\Kmgedamjkk \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY. 1jk gdYWijT g jmoSMo_k]ogeQI oSogjodijkY emM kak kjTM
_mPgedkP k cmFmjkP _oaJjogejTM akN (ji^ck]mc, ge. 145, 146, 91, R. 2
ge. 92, ^. 3 R. 7 ge. 108, ge. 101, R. 1 ge. 223.1, R. 1 ge. 171, ge. 97, 99, 108,
^. 4 R. 1 ge. 39, R. 2 ge. 29 :C> E?), ^cm_^oaiXiY oSmg^mRmjkm ^coNmgg\iaQjoXo ZojecoaY k ^coZ\cocgZoXo
ji_Woci Wi kM _mYemaQjogeQI.
"iZk] oSciWo], ]T ^oaiXim], Reo XodockeQ o jmWiZojjogek kak
jmoSogjodijjogek emM kak kjTM _mPgedkP, og\KmgedaYm]TM d Mo_m
\XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY ^ck ^ogam_\IKm] mXo ^cmZciKmjkk ^o ogjodijkI, ^odamZFm]\ cmiSkakeiNkI k (kak) ^cido ji doW]mKmjkm
dcm_i, ]oJjo akFQ kgMo_Y kW ZojZcmejoP gke\iNkk ^o ZiJ_o]\ \Xoaodjo]\ _ma\. eo ecmS\me kggam_odijkY
dgmM mXo oSgeoYemaQged k
oS%mZekdjoP oNmjZk _mPgedkP _oaJjogejTM akN.
EmFmjkm o ^cmZciKmjkk \XoaodjoXo _mai k (kak) \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY, d eo] Rkgam ^o cmiSkakekc\IKm]\ ogjodijkI, ji ,ei^m
1
>icjmmdi ./.
jogeQ. /.: ck_. ake., 1971. A. 22;
d \Xoaodjo] g\_o^cokWdo_gedm k kM dWik]ogdYWQ // Ccidodm_mjkm. 1969. & 2. A. 99;
ckZod .A., ijkaodi E.8.
iZei] ^cm_dickemaQjoXo ciggam_odijkY: amZNkY. /.: /$ /8 E?, 1999. A. 27—29.
2
1JmXod A.$.
CckdamRmjkm Z \XoaodjoP oedmegedmjjogek. iZojjogeQ k oSogjodij-
AaodicQ c\ggZoXo YWTZi. /.: E\ggZkP YWTZ, 1989. A. 432.
Ekdakj ..
"cmSodijkY, ^cm_%YdaYm]Tm Z \Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjT]
iZojjogeQ, oSogjodijjogeQ, kgekjjogeQ
96
i-
^cm_dickemaQjoXo ciggam_odijkY ^cm_^oaiXime jiakRkm ogjodijkP,
^cm_\g]oecmjjTM ge. 24, 27 :C> E?, ZoeocTm _oaJjT STeQ \ZiWijT
d ^ogeijodamjkk o ^cmZciKmjkk \XoaodjoXo _mai (ge. 213 :C> E?).
iZoj jm gdYWTdime ^ckjYekm _ijjoXo cmFmjkY g oNmjZoP jmWiZojjogek kak jmoSogjodijjogek _mPgedkP _oaJjogejTM akN, og\KmgedaYIKkM \Xoaodjom g\_o^cokWdo_gedo, g jmoSMo_k]ogeQI oeciJieQ
_ijjTP ;iZe d keoXodo] cmFmjkk.
EmW\aQeieT kW\RmjkY ijiakekRmgZkM
oSWocod o _mYemaQjogek ocXijod ^cm_dickemaQjoXo ciggam_odijkY, gdk_memaQged\Ie o eo], Reo ga\Rik ^cmZciKmjkY \XoaodjTM _ma, damZ\Kkm cmiSkakeiNkI k doW]mKmjkm dcm_i, YdaYIegY ^cm_]meo] oSg\J_mjkY c\Zodo_kemaY]k gooedmeged\IKkM ocXijod, ZoeocTm _iIe oNmjZ\ _mPgedkY] _oaJjogejTM akN
g eoRZk WcmjkY kM WiZojjogek kak oSogjodijjogek. 1_jiZo g Ick_kRmgZoP eoRZk WcmjkY MiciZemc _mPgedkP _oaJjogejTM
akN k]mme WjiRmjkm akFQ _aY dTYdamjkY ^ckWjiZod gogeidod ^cmge\^amjkP ^coekd
^cidog\_kY, ^ck ^codmcZm WiZojjogek k oSogjodijjogek _mPgedkP k
cmFmjkP gooedmeged\IKkM _oaJjogejTM akN k ciWcmFmjkk do^cogi
oS kM oe]mjm d gooedmegedkk go ge. 125 :C> E?.
mWiZojjogeQ _mPgedkP ocXijod, og\KmgedaYdFkM \Xoaodjom ^cmgam_odijkm, \geijodamjjiY ^ckXodoco] g\_i, ZojZcmekWkcodijjTM k
^oa\RkdFkM ji_amJiK\I Ick_kRmgZ\I oNmjZ\, ]oJme
geieQ ogjodijkm] _aY doWoSjodamjkY ^cokWdo_gedi ^o \Xoaodjo]\ _ma\ ddk_\ djodQ
oeZcTdFkMgY oSgeoYemaQged (^. 1, 2 R. 3 ge. 413 :C> E?), d Mo_m ZoeocoXo goXaigjo ge. 418 :C> E? ^cm_\g]oecmjo k cmFmjkm o ^cmZciKmjkk \XoaodjoXo _mai, d eo] Rkgam ^o cmiSkakekc\IKk] ogjodijkY].
$W go_mcJijkY joc] :C> E? o ^ocY_Zm ^cokWdo_gedi d g\_m ^mcdoP kjgeijNkk k, d Rigejogek, ge. 305 :C> E?, cmXai]mjekc\IKmP
o^kgiemaQjo-]oekdkcodoRj\I RigeQ o^cid_iemaQjoXo ^ckXodoci, jm
\g]ieckdimegY ZiZkM-akSo ^oaoJmjkP, gdk_memaQged\IKkM o jmoSMo_k]ogek oNmjZk _mPgedkP _oaJjogejTM akN, og\KmgedaYdFkM \Xoaodjom ^cmgam_odijkm o^cid_ijjoXo akNi, g eoRZk WcmjkY kM WiZojjogek
kak oSogjodijjogek. A\_\ _ogeieoRjo \ZiWieQ ogjodijkY o^cid_ijkY
^o_g\_k]oXo k _oZiWiemaQgedi, kM ^o_edmcJ_iIKkm, i eiZJm ]oekdT
^o ZoeocT] g\_ oedmcXime _oZiWiemaQgedi, ^cm_geidamjjTm geocojoP
oSdkjmjkY.
Aam_odiemaQjo, ]oJjo ^cm_^oaoJkeQ, Reo ^ck]mjkemaQjo Z _mPgedkY] ocXijod, og\KmgedaYIKkM \Xoaodjom ^cmgam_odijkm ji _og\_mSjTM ,ei^iM \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi, XodockeQ oS kM jmWiZojjogek kak jmoSogjodijjogek d ga\RiYM ^cmZciKmjkY \XoaodjoXo _mai
(\XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY) ^o cmiSkakekc\IKk] ogjodijkY] kak
dTjmgmjkY d Mo_m cigg]oecmjkY \XoaodjoXo _mai ^o
g\Kmged\ g\_o]
,
97
o^cid_iemaQjoXo ^ckXodoci ]oJjo g o^cm_mamjjoP _oamP \gaodjogek,
Wi kgZaIRmjkm] o;kNkiaQjoXo ^ckWjijkY kM eiZodT]k, ^odamZFmXo
^mcmg]oec ^mcdojiRiaQjo ^ckjYeTM cmFmjkP.
8 cmFmjkk g\_i i^maaYNkojjoP kjgeijNkk goXaigjo ge. 389.15
1
:C> E
\ZiWTdiIegY ogjodijkY oe]mjT kak kW]mjmjkY oSJiaodijjoXo
g\_mSjoXo cmFmjkY. 8 o^cm_mamjkYM, ^ogeijodamjkYM g\_od gooedmegedmjjo ZiggiNkojjoP k ji_WocjoP kjgeijNkP ^ck oe]mjm kak kW]mjmjkk ^ckXodoci \ZiWTdimegY ji ^o_amJiKmm \gecijmjkI jic\Fmjkm
joc] \Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjoXo WiZoji, oSgeoYemaQgedi, ^odakYdFkm
ji kgMo_ _mai, ogjodijkY oe]mjT kak kW]mjmjkY ^ckXodoci (ge. 401.14,
2
401.15, 412.9 :C> E?)
. 1_jiZo doWjkZjodmjkm ogjodijkP, damZ\KkM
oe]mj\ oSJiaodijjoXo ^ckXodoci, ZoeocTm ]oJjo ^oaiXieQ d ZiJ_o]
ZojZcmejo] ga\Rim kM oe]mjT jmWiZojjT]k kak jmoSogjodijjT]k
gdYWijo g _mYemaQjogeQI g\_i, ZoeocTP, kgMo_Y kW go_mcJijkY cY_i
joc] :C> E?,
CoaoJmjkm WiZoji o eo], Reo dcm_, ^ckRkjmjjTP XciJ_ijkj\
W\aQeiem \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY
jm YdaYmegY ocXijo] \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY.
d cm-
, doW]mKimegY Xog\_icgedo] d ^oajo] oS%m]m jmWidkgk]o oe dkjT ocXiji _oWjijkY, _oWjidiemaY,
gam_odiemaY, ^coZ\coci k g\_i (R. 1 ge. 133 :C> E?), ^ckdo_ke Z jmoSMo_k]ogek cigg]oecmeQ do^cog o
jkY k o mXo dWik]ogdYWk g _mYemaQjogeQI g\_i
g\Kjogek \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odi-
.
AoXaigjo ^. 55 ge. 5 :C> E? ^o_ \XoaodjT] ^cmgam_odijkm] ^ojk]imegY ^coNmgg\iaQjiY _mYemaQjogeQ, og\KmgedaYm]iY geocojoP oSdkjmjkY d NmaYM kWoSakRmjkY ^o_oWcmdim]oXo, oSdkjYm]oXo d
godmcFmjkk ^cmge\^amjkY.
$W go_mcJijkY ge. 15 :C> E?, cigZcTdiIKmP go_mcJijkm eiZoXo
^ckjNk^i \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi, ZiZ gogeYWiemaQjogeQ geocoj, gam_\me, Reo ;\jZNkk oSdkjmjkY, WiKkeT k ciWcmFmjkY \XoaodjoXo _mai oe_mamjT _c\X
oe _c\Xi. 1jk jm ]oX\e STeQ doWaoJmjT ji
o_kj k eoe Jm ocXij kak o_jo k eo Jm _oaJjogejom akNo, i g\_ jm YdaYmegY ocXijo] \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY, jm dTge\^ime ji geocojm
oSdkjmjkk kak geocojm WiKkeT, i akFQ goW_ime jmoSMo_k]Tm \gaodkY
_aY kg^oajmjkY geocoji]k kM ^coNmgg\iaQjTM oSYWijjogemP k og\KmgedamjkY ^cm_ogeidamjjTM k]
^cid.
3
,
1
8dm_mji ?m_mciaQjT] WiZojo] oe 29 _mZiScY 2010 X. & 433-?.
2
"i] Jm.
3
1^cm_mamjkm A\_mSjoP ZoaamXkk ^o \XoaodjT] _mai] 8mcModjoXo A\_i E? & 44-002-172 /
1SWoc g\_mSjoP ^ciZekZk 8mcModjoXo A\_i E? Wi II Zdiceia 2003 X. (^o \XoaodjT] _mai]),
\ed. ^ogeijodamjkm] CcmWk_k\]i 8mcModjoXo g\_i E? oe 16 kIaY 2003 X. // icije. ES, 2008;
1^cm_mamjkm A\_mSjoP ZoaamXkk ^o \XoaodjT] _mai] 8mcModjoXo A\_i E? & 78-003-12 /
1SWoc g\_mSjoP ^ciZekZk 8mcModjoXo A\_i E? Wi II Zdiceia 2003 X. (^o \XoaodjT] _mai]),
\ed. ^ogeijodamjkm] CcmWk_k\]i 8mcModjoXo g\_i E? oe 16 kIaY 2003 X. // icije. ES, 2008.
98
8 R. 1 ge. 21 :C> E?, cmXai]mjekc\IKmP oSYWijjogeQ og\KmgedamjkY \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY, ^cY]o \ZiWijo, Reo \Xoaodjom ^cmgam_odijkm ^o \XoaodjT] _mai] ^\SakRjoXo k Rigejo-^\SakRjoXo
oSdkjmjkY og\KmgedaYIe ^coZ\coc, i eiZJm gam_odiemaQ k _oWjidiemaQ, e.m., em] gi]T] ^o_RmcZj\eo, Reo g\_ \Xoaodjom ^cmgam_odijkm
jm og\KmgedaYme.
8]mgem g em] goXaigjo R. 2 ge. 133 :C> E?
^ck o^cm_mamjjTM \gaodkYM ^cido ji cmiSkakeiNkI k]mme ^o_g\_k]TP, i eiZJm k og\J_mjjTP d ga\RiYM ^oajoP kak RigekRjoP oe]mjT dge\^kdFmXo d WiZojj\I
gka\ oSdkjkemaQjoXo ^ckXodoci g\_i k ^cmZciKmjkY \XoaodjoXo _mai
^o ogjodijkY], ^cm_\g]oecmjjT] ^. 1 k 2 R. 1 ge. 27 :C> E?.
Aam_odiemaQjo, doWjkZime do^cog o gooejoFmjkk _mYemaQjogek
g\_i g \XoaodjT] ^cmgam_odijkm] ^o_g\_k]oXo kak
og\J_mjjoXo, d
oejoFmjkk ZoeocTM d^ogam_gedkk, ^ck ^mcmg]oecm _mai dTFmgeoYKk]k g\_mSjT]k kjgeijNkY]k, STak ^ckjYeT cmFmjkY oS o^cid_ijkk kak o ^cmZciKmjkk \XoaodjoXo _mai (\XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY),
^odamZFkm ^cido ji doW]mKmjkm dcm_i, ^ckRkjmjjoXo d Mo_m \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi.
A o_joP geocojT, ^mcdojiRiaQjom cmFmjkm, cidjo ZiZ k ^ogam-
_\IKmm, mXo oe]mjkdFmm, g\_ gooedmeged\IKmXo \codjY
^ckjk]ime
ji ogjodm kggam_odijkY cmW\aQeieod _mYemaQjogek ocXijod \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi, gdYWijjoP g kWoSakRmjkm] ZojZcmejoXo akNi
d godmcFmjkk ^cmge\^amjkY.
"m] jm ]mjmm, coaQ g\_i jm gdo_kegY kgZaIRkemaQjo Z oNmjZm _ijjTM ^cm_dickemaQjoXo ciggam_odijkY. m ga\RiPjo d ciW_. VIII :C>
E? ojo k]mj\megY ZiZ
^cm_dickemaQjom
, eiZ ZiZ, ^o oSKm]\ ^cidka\
(Wi kgZaIRmjkm] ogoSoXo ^ocY_Zi g\_mSjoXo ciWSkciemaQgedi, ^cm_-
\g]oecmjjoXo d ciW_. :C> E?) ^ckjYekI g\_mSjoXo cmFmjkY ^cm_Fmged\me g\_mSjom gam_gedkm, _mYemaQjogeQ d ci]ZiM ZoeocoXo eiZJm
_oaJji oedmRieQ jiWjiRmjkI \XoaodjoXo g\_o^cokWdo_gedi. iWjiRmjkm dkjodjT] g^cidm_akdoXo jiZiWijkY jmoe_mak]o oe kM kWoSakRmjkY
d godmcFmjkk ^cmge\^amjkY, cidjo ZiZ k oeZiW
oe \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY jmdkjodjTM, ogdoSoJ_mjkm kM oe jiZiWijkY jmoe_mak]T oe
_oZiWTdijkY g\_o] kM jm^ckRigejogek Z kjZck]kjkc\m]o]\ _mYjkI.
1Rmdk_jo, Reo d ,eo] g]Tgam _mYemaQjogeQ g\_i, ZoeocTP goXaigjo
ge. 252 :C> E? og\KmgedaYme g\_mSjom ciWSkciemaQgedo d oejoFmjkk
1
oSdkjYm]oXo k ^o ^cm_%Ydamjjo]\ oSdkjmjkI
, kW]mjmjkm ZoeocoXo
doW]oJjo akFQ d ga\RiYM, jm \M\_FiIKkM ^oaoJmjkm ^o_g\_k]oXo k
1
AoXaigjo R. 2 ge. 47 :C> E? oSdkjYm]TP, ^o \Xoaodjo]\ _ma\ ZoeocoXo jiWjiRmjo g\-
_mSjom ciWSkciemaQgedo, k]mj\megY ^o_g\_k]T].
99
jm jic\FiIKkM mXo ^cidi, ji^cidamji ji oNmjZ\ gogeoYemaQjogek \XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY d Mo_m ^cm_dickemaQjoXo gam_gedkY, d eo]
Rkgam k d Rigek kWoSakRmjkY akNi d godmcFmjkk kjZck]kjkc\m]TM
m]\ _mYjkP. Cck ,eo] dTjmgmjkm o^cid_iemaQjoXo, oSdkjkemaQjoXo
^ckXodoci, cmFmjkY o ^cmZciKmjkk \XoaodjoXo _mai (\XoaodjoXo ^cmgam_odijkY) — mXo ^cY]iY oSYWijjogeQ.
8]mgem g em] jm S\_\Rk geocojoP oSdkjmjkY,
jm k]mY goXaigjo WiZoj\ Nmak kWoSakRmjkY kak o^cid_ijkY oSdkjYm]oXo (^o_g\_k]oXo)
d godmcFmjkk ^cmge\^amjkY, g\_ jm ]oJme og\KmgedaYeQ \Xoaodjom
1
^cmgam_odijkm
.
1SciKime ji gmSY djk]ijkm k eo oSgeoYemaQgedo, Reo d gooedmegedkk g ^. 5 R. 2 ge. 133 :C> E? ^cido ji cmiSkakeiNkI k]mme k akNo,
Z Zoeoco]\ STak ^ck]mjmjT ^ckj\_kemaQjTm ]mcT ]m_kNkjgZoXo
MiciZemci d ga\Rim oe]mjT jmWiZojjoXo kak jmoSogjodijjoXo ^ogeijodamjkY g\_i o ^ck]mjmjkk _ijjoP ]mcT.
_mgQ jmoSMo_k]o oe]mekeQ g^mNk;kZ\ ogoSoXo ^cokWdo_gedi o
^ck]mjmjkk ^ckj\_kemaQjTM ]mc ]m_kNkjgZoXo MiciZemci, WiZaIRiIK\IgY d eo], Reo ojo og\KmgedaYmegY d oejoFmjkk akNi, godmcFkdFmXo Wi^cmKmjjom \XoaodjT] WiZojo] _mYjkm d gogeoYjkk jmd]mjYm]ogek kak \ ZoeocoXo ^ogam godmcFmjkY ^cmge\^amjkY jige\^kao
^gkMkRmgZom ciggecoPgedo, _maiIKmm jmdoW]oJjT] jiWjiRmjkm jiZiWijkY kak mXo kg^oajmjkm.
8 gdYWk g ,ek] \Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjiY _mYemaQjogeQ d oejoFmjkk _ijjoP ZiemXockk akN, og\KmgedaYmegY ^o ogoST] ^cidkai],
^cm_\g]oecmjjT] Xa. 51 :C> E?, doW]oJjT] cmW\aQeieo] ZoeocoP
YdaYmegY ^ogeijodamjkm gam_odiemaY o ji^cidamjkk \XoaodjoXo _mai
d g\_ _aY ^ck]mjmjkY ^ckj\_kemaQjoP ]mcT ]m_kNkjgZoXo MiciZemci.
1Rmdk_jo, Reo k d _ijjo] ga\Rim, ciWcmFiY do^cogT d ^ocY_Zm
ge. 442 :C> E?, g\_ oNmjkdime cmW\aQeieT _mYemaQjogek, gdYWijjoP
g \XoaodjT] ^cmgam_odijkm], og\KmgedaYm]oP
ji ,ei^m _og\_mSjoXo
^cokWdo_gedi.
"iZk] oSciWo], oeg\eged\Ie oS%mZekdjTm ^cm_^ogTaZk o_joWjiRjo \edmcJ_ieQ, Reo \Xoaodjo-^coNmgg\iaQjTP WiZoj jm^ogcm_gedmjjo gdYWTdime _mYemaQjogeQ g\_i g og\Kmgedamjkm] \XoaodjoXo
^cmgam_odijkY. eo, d gdoI oRmcm_Q, ^ckdo_ke Z dTdo_\ oS oeg\egedkk
1
AoXaigjo ge. 21, R. 4 ge. 20, ge. 39 :C> E? \Xoaodjom ^cmgam_odijkm oe k]mjk Xog\_icgedi
^o \XoaodjT] _mai] ^\SakRjoXo k Rigejo-^\SakRjoXo oSdkjmjkY og\KmgedaYIe ^coZ\coc,
i eiZJm c\Zodo_kemaQ gam_gedmjjoXo ocXiji, gam_odiemaQ k _oWjidiemaQ. 8o^cog o eo], og\KmgedaYmegY ak \Xoaodjom ^cmgam_odijkm ^o _mai] RigejoXo oSdkjmjkY k mgak _i, eo ZiZoP
ocXij oe k]mjk Xog\_icgedi mXo og\KmgedaYme (Wi kgZaIRmjkm] ga\Rimd, ^cm_\g]oecmjjTM
d R. 4 ge. 20 :C> E?) j\J_imegY d gi]ogeoYemaQjo] kggam_odijkk.
100
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]